Breast-i Is an Effective and Reliable Adjunct Screening Tool for Detecting Early Tumour Related Angiogenesis of Breast Cancers in Low Resource Sub-Saharan Countries

Multispectral breast image grayscale and quality enhancement by repeated pair image registration & accumulation method

Nowadays, for detecting breast cancer in its early stages, the focus is on multispectral transmission imaging. Frame accumulation is a promising technique to enhance the grayscale level of the multispectral transmission images. Still, during the image acquisition process, human respiration or camera jitter causes the displacement of the frame's sequence which leads to the loss of accuracy and image quality of the frame accumulated image is reduced. In this article, we have proposed a new method named "repeated pair image registration and accumulation "to resolve the issue. In this method first pair of images from the sequence is first registered and accumulated followed by the next pair to be registered and accumulated. Then these two accumulated frames are registered and accumulated again. This process is repeated until all the frames from the sequence are processed and the final image is obtained. This method is tested on the sequence of breast frames taken at 600 nm, 620 nm, 670 nm, and 760 nm wavelength of light and proved the enhancement of quality, accuracy, and grayscale by various mathematical assessments. Furthermore, the processing time of our proposed method is very low because descent gradient optimization algorithm is used here for image registration purpose. This optimization algorithm has high speed as compared to other methods and is verified by registering a single image of each wavelength by three different methods. It has laid the foundations of early detection of breast cancer using multispectral transmission imaging.

Hybrid Spectral-IRDx: Near-IR and Ultrasound Attenuation System for Differentiating Breast Cancer From Adjacent Normal Tissue

OBJECTIVE

While performing surgical excision for breast cancer (lumpectomy), it is important to ensure a clear margin of normal tissue around the cancer to achieve complete resection. The current standard is histopathology; however, it is time-consuming and labour-intensive requiring skilled personnel.

METHOD

We describe a Hybrid Spectral-IRDx - a combination of the previously reported Spectral-IRDx tool with multimodal ultrasound and NIR spectroscopy techniques. We show how this portable, cost-effective, minimal-contact tool could provide rapid diagnosis of cancer using formalin-fixed (FF) and deparaffinized (DP) breast biopsy tissues.

RESULTS

Using this new tool, measurements were performed on cancerous/fibroadenoma and its adjacent normal tissues from the same patients (N = 14). The acoustic attenuation coefficient (α) and reduced scattering coefficient (µ'_s) (at 850, 940, and 1060 nm) for the cancerous/fibroadenoma tissues were reported to be higher compared to adjacent normal tissues, a basis of delineation. Comparing FF cancerous and adjacent normal tissue, the difference in µ'_s at 850 nm and 940 nm were statistically significant (p = 3.17e-2 and 7.94e-3 respectively). The difference in α between the cancerous and adjacent normal tissues for DP and FF tissues were also statistically significant (p = 2.85e-2 and 7.94e-3 respectively). Combining multimodal parameters α and µ'_s (at 940 nm) show highest statistical significance (p = 6.72e-4) between FF cancerous/fibroadenoma and adjacent normal tissues.

CONCLUSION

We show that Hybrid Spectral-IRDx can accurately delineate between cancerous and adjacent normal breast biopsy tissue.

SIGNIFICANCE

The results obtained establish the proof-of-principle and large-scale testing of this multimodal breast cancer diagnostic platform for core biopsy diagnosis.