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Wen Y, Zhan Y, Chen T, Li J, Long Q, Zheng F, Tang S, Tang X. Total Flavonoids of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus Regulate miR-5100 to Improve Constipation by Targeting Fzd2 to Alleviate Calcium Balance and Autophagy in Interstitial Cells of Cajal. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:5882-5900. [PMID: 38244148 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03958-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Aurantii Fructus Immaturus total flavonoids (AFIF) is the main effective fraction extracted from AFI, which has a good effect on promoting gastrointestinal motility. This study aimed to investigate AFIF which regulates miR-5100 to improve constipation symptoms in mice by targeting Frizzled-2 (Fzd2) to alleviate interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) calcium ion balance and autophagy apoptosis. The constipated mouse model was induced by an antibiotic suspension, and then treated with AFIF. RNA-seq sequencing, luciferase assay, immunofluorescence staining, transmission electron microscopy, ELISA, flow cytometry, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and Western blot were applied in this study. The results showed that AFIF improved constipation symptoms in antibiotic-induced constipated mice, and decreased the autophagy-related protein Beclin1 levels and the LC3-II/I ratio in ICCs. miR-5100 and its target gene Fzd2 were screened as key miRNAs and regulator associated with autophagy. Downregulation of miR-5100 caused increased expression of Fzd2, decreased proliferation activity of ICCs, increased apoptotic cells, and enhanced calcium ion release and autophagy signals. After AFIF treatment, miR-5100 expression was upregulated and Fzd2 was downregulated, while autophagy-related protein levels and calcium ion concentration decreased. Furthermore, AFIF increased the levels of SP, 5-HT, and VIP, and increased the expression of PGP9.5, Sy, and Cx43, which alleviated constipation by improving the integrity of the enteric nervous system network. In conclusion, AFIF could attenuate constipation symptoms by upregulating the expression of miR-5100 and targeting inhibition of Fzd2, alleviating calcium overload and autophagic death of ICCs, regulating the content of neurotransmitters, and enhancing the integrity of the enteric nervous system network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Yu Zhan
- Anorectal Department, Affiliated Hospital of Integrative Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine of Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, 610042, China
- Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610042, China
| | - Taiyu Chen
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Anorectal, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, No. 1 Maoyuan South Road, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Qing Long
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Fan Zheng
- People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, China
- Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Shiyu Tang
- North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Xuegui Tang
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Anorectal, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, No. 1 Maoyuan South Road, Nanchong, Sichuan, China.
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Miao Y, Xie X, Zhang Y, Ma X, Zhu X, Li R, Bi J, Duan R, Ai X. Analysis of differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs associated with slow‑transit constipation. Gene 2024; 914:148400. [PMID: 38527672 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Slow transit constipation (STC) is a refractory gastrointestinal disease, accounting for approximately 13 ∼ 37 % of chronic constipation. However, the molecular mechanism of STC remains poorly understood. Herein, this study aims to identify the key mRNAs and lncRNAs associated with STC. To this end, we performed high-throughput RNA sequencing to identify differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs and lncRNAs in the whole-layer sigmoid intestinal tissues from 4 STC patients and 4 non-STC patients. The identified DE lncRNAs and mRNAs were validated through quantitative real-time PCR. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and Pearson correlation analysis were conducted to determine the significantly correlated DE mRNA-lncRNA pairs. A total of 1420 DE lncRNAs and 1634 DE mRNAs were identified. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis of DE mRNAs indicated that these DE mRNAs might be associated with systemic lupus erythematosus, alcoholism, intestinal immune network for IgA production, inflammatory bowel disease, NF-kappa B signaling pathway. WGCNA and Pearson correlation analyses jointly identified 16,577 significantly correlated DE mRNA-lncRNA pairs. Furthermore, lncRNAs LINC00641, LINC02268, LINC03013 were identified as hub lncRNAs. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of proteins encoded by DE mRNAs was established, and PPI-based analysis revealed that Interleukin 2(IL2), CD80 molecule (CD80), interleukin-17A (IL-17A) might play significant roles in the development of STC. This study analyzes the expression profiles of lncRNAs and mRNAs associated with STC. Our findings will contribute to further understanding of the molecular mechanism of STC and provide potential diagnostic or therapeutic biomarkers for STC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxin Miao
- Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen 448000, China
| | - Xiongwei Xie
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Functional Colon Diseases of Hubei Province, Jingmen Central Hospital, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yonglian Zhang
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Functional Colon Diseases of Hubei Province, Jingmen Central Hospital, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xu Ma
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Functional Colon Diseases of Hubei Province, Jingmen Central Hospital, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Zhu
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Functional Colon Diseases of Hubei Province, Jingmen Central Hospital, Hubei Province, China
| | - Rong Li
- Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen 448000, China
| | - Jinhua Bi
- Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen 448000, China
| | - Rui Duan
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Functional Colon Diseases of Hubei Province, Jingmen Central Hospital, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Xu Ai
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Functional Colon Diseases of Hubei Province, Jingmen Central Hospital, Hubei Province, China.
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Chanpong A, Alves MM, Bonora E, De Giorgio R, Thapar N. Evaluating the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying gut motility disorders. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 17:1301-1312. [PMID: 38117595 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2023.2296558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gastrointestinal (GI) motility disorders comprise a wide range of different diseases affecting the structural or functional integrity of the GI neuromusculature. Their clinical presentation and burden of disease depends on the predominant location and extent of gut involvement as well as the component of the gut neuromusculature affected. AREAS COVERED A comprehensive literature review was conducted using the PubMed and Medline databases to identify articles related to GI motility and functional disorders, published between 2016 and 2023. In this article, we highlight the current knowledge of molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying GI dysmotility, including disorders of gut-brain interaction, which involve both GI motor and sensory disturbance. EXPERT OPINION Although the pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms underlying many such disorders remain unclear, recent advances in the assessment of intestinal tissue samples, genetic testing with the application of 'omics' technologies and the use of animal models will provide better insights into disease pathogenesis as well as opportunities to improve therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atchariya Chanpong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
- Neurogastroenterology & Motility Unit, Gastroenterology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Maria M Alves
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elena Bonora
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, DIMEC, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- U.O. Genetica Medica, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, AOUB, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto De Giorgio
- Department of Translational Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Nikhil Thapar
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Liver Transplant, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Woolworths Centre for Child Nutrition Research, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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Jang YJ, Min B, Lim JH, Kim BY. In Vitro Evaluation of Probiotic Properties of Two Novel Probiotic Mixtures, Consti-Biome and Sensi-Biome. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 33:1149-1161. [PMID: 37386724 PMCID: PMC10580887 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2303.03011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the gut microbiome cause recolonization by pathogens and inflammatory responses, leading to the development of intestinal disorders. Probiotics administration has been proposed for many years to reverse the intestinal dysbiosis and to enhance intestinal health. This study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of two newly designed probiotic mixtures, Consti-Biome and Sensi-Biome, on two enteric pathogens Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli that may cause intestinal disorders. Additionally, the study was designed to evaluate whether Consti-Biome and Sensi-Biome could modulate the immune response, produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and reduce gas production. Consti-Biome and Sensi-Biome showed superior adhesion ratios to HT-29 cells and competitively suppressed pathogen adhesion. Moreover, the probiotic mixtures decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β. Cell-free supernatants (CFSs) were used to investigate the inhibitory effects of metabolites on growth and biofilms of pathogens. Consti-Biome and Sensi-Biome CFSs exhibited antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity, where microscopic analysis confirmed an increase in the number of dead cells and the structural disruption of pathogens. Gas chromatographic analysis of the CFSs revealed their ability to produce SCFAs, including acetic, propionic, and butyric acid. SCFA secretion by probiotics may demonstrate their potential activities against pathogens and gut inflammation. In terms of intestinal symptoms regarding abdominal bloating and discomfort, Consti-Biome and Sensi-Biome also inhibited gas production. Thus, these two probiotic mixtures have great potential to be developed as dietary supplements to alleviate the intestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Jin Jang
- R&D Center, Chong Kun Dang Healthcare, Seoul 07249, Republic of Korea
| | - Bonggyu Min
- R&D Center, Chong Kun Dang Healthcare, Seoul 07249, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyun Lim
- R&D Center, Chong Kun Dang Healthcare, Seoul 07249, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Yong Kim
- R&D Center, Chong Kun Dang Healthcare, Seoul 07249, Republic of Korea
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Electroacupuncture Improves Intestinal Motility through Exosomal miR-34c-5p Targeting SCF/c-Kit Signaling Pathway in Slow Transit Constipation Model Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:8043841. [PMID: 36133788 PMCID: PMC9484875 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8043841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. The pathogenesis of slow transit constipation (STC) is associated with exosomal miR-34c-5p. Electroacupuncture (EA) improves gastrointestinal motility in gastrointestinal disorders, especially STC. Our study aimed to explore the mechanism by which EA improves intestinal motility by modulating the release of exosomes and the transmission of exosomal miR-34c-5p. Methods. Fifty rats were randomly divided into five groups. STC model rats were induced, and GW4869, the exosome release inhibitor, was used to inhibit the release of exosome. The serum exosomes were authenticated under a transmission electron microscope and nanoparticle tracking analysis. RT-qPCR detected the expression of miR-34c-5p in serum exosomes and colonic tissues. The fecal number in 24 hours, Bristol scores, and intestinal transit rates were used to assess intestinal motility. Subsequently, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was used to examine the colonic mucosal histology. Finally, the expression of stem cell factor (SCF) and receptor tyrosine kinase (c-Kit) protein was measured using immunohistochemistry staining. Results. We found that EA upregulated exosomal miR-34c-5p in serum and downregulated miR-34c-5p in colonic tissues (
). EA improved fecal numbers in 24 hours, Bristol scores, and intestinal transit rates in STC rats (
). EA recovered the colonic histological structure and enhanced the expression of SCF and c-Kit protein (
). The therapeutic effect of EA was attenuated after inhibiting the release of the exosome. Conclusion. Our results indicated that EA improves intestinal motility in STC rats by transporting of exosomal miR-34c-5p targeting the SCF/c-Kit signaling pathway.
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Yu L, Yang X, Guan W, Zhang D, Ren S, Xing Y, An D, Zhang J, Zhu Y, Zhu A. Analysis of Key Genes for Slow Transit Constipation Based on RNA Sequencing. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:7569-7579. [PMID: 36199586 PMCID: PMC9528044 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s380208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aims to identify key genes in slow transit constipation (STC). We also sought to explore the potential link between STC and colorectal cancer. Patients and Methods mRNA expression profiles were obtained by RNA sequencing, and differentially expressed genes were identified. Functional enrichment analysis and a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was explored, and differentially expressed genes common to STC and colorectal cancer were examined. Analysis of the effect of constipation and colorectal cancer common genes on the overall survival of colorectal cancer patients based on GEPIA database. Results Functional enrichment showed that significantly different genes are related to lymphocyte chemotaxis, positive regulation of inflammatory response, cellular response to tumor necrosis factor, extracellular region, extracellular space and chemokine activity. The hub gene for STC was found in the PPI network. In addition, AQP8 and CFD were common differential genes for STC and colorectal cancer. AQP8 affects overall survival in patients with colorectal cancer. Conclusion Our findings will contribute to understanding the pathology of STC at the molecular level, with the first discovery that AQP8 may be a hub gene in the transition from STC to colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfeng Yu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuding Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenlong Guan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongxu Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuo Ren
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanwei Xing
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Da An
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuekun Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Anlong Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Anlong Zhu, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86 13504848555, Email
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Yao J, Yan X, Chen L, Li Y, Zhang L, Chen M, Li Y. Efficacy and MicroRNA-Gut Microbiota Regulatory Mechanisms of Acupuncture for Severe Chronic Constipation: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:906403. [PMID: 35836948 PMCID: PMC9273765 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.906403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundSevere chronic constipation (SCC) is a common functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorder associated with disruptions in GI motility. Abnormalities between gut microbiota and microRNAs (miRNAs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of GI motility in SCC. Acupuncture has been shown to improve constipation-related symptoms and rebalance the gut microbiota. This protocol proposed a plan to explore the hypothesis that the efficacy of acupuncture is associated with the crosstalk between gut microbes and miRNAs in patients with SCC.MethodsThis trial is designed as a randomized, sham-controlled trial involving 80 patients and 40 healthy volunteers. A total of 80 patients with SCC (≤2 mean spontaneous, complete bowel movements per week [CSBMs]) will be randomly allocated to receive either 16-session acupuncture at true acupoints or non-penetrating sham acupuncture at non-acupoints for 4 weeks. The primary outcome will be the proportion of patients with ≥3 mean weekly CSBMs over weeks 1–4 and 5–8. Secondary efficacy endpoints include bowel movements, stool consistency, degree of straining, and the quality of life. Healthy volunteers will not receive any clinical intervention. Fasting plasma and fecal samples will be analyzed by 16S rRNA third-generation sequencing and miRNA high-throughput sequencing technologies. Finally, a tripartite network analysis will be used to investigate the interactions among clinical efficacy, miRNAs, and intestinal microbiota.DiscussionFrom the perspective of microRNA-gut microbiota regulatory mechanisms, our results will partially illuminate the crucial role of fecal miRNAs and intestinal microbiota to understand how acupuncture exerts its anti-constipation role.Trial registrationThis trial is registered with ChiCTR2100048831, registered 18 July 2021; ethical approval has been obtained from the Sichuan Regional Ethics Review of Committee on Traditional Chinese Medicine, approval ID: 2021KL-023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpeng Yao
- Acupuncture and Tuina School/ the 3 Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangyun Yan
- Acupuncture and Tuina School/ the 3 Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Acupuncture and Tuina School/ the 3 Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanqiu Li
- Acupuncture and Tuina School/ the 3 Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Leixiao Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Chen
- Clinical Medicine School, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Li
- Acupuncture and Tuina School/ the 3 Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Li
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Characterization of Circular RNA Expression Profiles in Colon Specimens of Patients with Slow Transit Constipation. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:3653363. [PMID: 35730015 PMCID: PMC9206760 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3653363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Slow transit constipation (STC) is a clinical syndrome characterized by a decreased urge to defecate and delayed colonic transit. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a recently discovered class of regulatory RNAs that have emerged as critical biomarkers and regulators of various diseases. However, the expression profiles and mechanisms underlying circRNA regulation in human STC tissues have not been explored. Methods High-throughput RNA sequencing technology was used to compare the differences in circRNA expression profiles in colon samples taken from patients with STC or controls. Bioinformatics analyses were performed on the host genes of the differentially expressed circRNAs (DE-circRNAs), a competing endogenous RNA network was constructed, and the expression levels of some DE-circRNAs were verified using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions (qRT-PCR). Results There were 190 DE-circRNAs identified in the STC group. Bioinformatics analysis predicted that the DE-circRNAs were enriched in the relaxation of smooth muscle, actin binding, actin cytoskeleton organization, dilated cardiomyopathy, and cardiac muscle contraction. These results suggest that muscle diseases may be related to the pathogenesis of STC. The expression levels of the 12 most differentially expressed circRNAs were verified using qRT-PCR. In addition, circRNA–microRNA–mRNA regulatory networks were constructed using the 8 most significant circRNAs. Some mRNAs predicted to be closely related to smooth muscle function were found in these networks. Conclusions This study provides a helpful blueprint for researchers to select candidate circRNAs for further study of the pathogenesis of STC and screen potential biomarkers or targets for use in the diagnosis and treatment of STC.
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Liang Y, Wang Y, Wen P, Chen Y, Ouyang D, Wang D, Zhang B, Deng J, Chen Y, Sun Y, Wang H. The Anti-Constipation Effects of Raffino-Oligosaccharide on Gut Function in Mice Using Neurotransmitter Analyses, 16S rRNA Sequencing and Targeted Screening. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27072235. [PMID: 35408632 PMCID: PMC9000249 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Raffino-oligosaccharide (ROS), the smallest oligosaccharide of the raffinose family, is a novel food ingredient. However, the anti-constipation effects of ROS remain obscure. This study investigates the anti-constipation effects of ROS based on the loperamide-induced mice model and reveals the underlying mechanism using constipation parameters, neurotransmitter level, 16S rRNA sequencing, and the targeted screening strategy. The prevention effects were firstly investigated by the gastro-intestinal transit rate experiment (50 mice) and defecation status experiment (50 mice), which were divided into five groups (n = 10/group): blank, model, and low-, medium- and high-dose ROS. Furthermore, the slow-transit constipation experiment (blank, model, and high-dose ROS, n = 10/group) was conducted to illustrate the underlying mechanism. The results showed that ROS aided in preventing the occurrence of constipation by improving the gastro-intestinal transit rate and the defecation frequency in mice, and ROS significantly reduced the serum levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). In addition, ROS regulated the diversity and structure of intestinal flora. Among them, one specific family and six specific genera were significantly regulated in constipated mice. The targeted screening revealed that 29 targets related to the anti-constipation effects of ROS, indicating ROS may play a role by regulating multiple targets. Furthermore, the network pharmacology analysis showed that Akt1, Stat3, Mapk8, Hsp90aa1, Cat, Alb, Icam1, Sod2, and Gsk3b can be regarded as the core anti-constipation targets. In conclusion, ROS could effectively relieve constipation, possibly by inhibiting the level of neurotransmitters and regulating the gut flora in mice. This study also provides a novel network pharmacology-based targeted screening strategy to reveal the anti-constipation effects of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Liang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (P.W.); (Y.C.); (D.O.); (D.W.); (B.Z.); (J.D.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Guangzhou Institute for Food Inspection, Guangzhou 511400, China; (Y.W.); (Y.C.)
| | - Peng Wen
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (P.W.); (Y.C.); (D.O.); (D.W.); (B.Z.); (J.D.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yongchun Chen
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (P.W.); (Y.C.); (D.O.); (D.W.); (B.Z.); (J.D.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Dongmei Ouyang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (P.W.); (Y.C.); (D.O.); (D.W.); (B.Z.); (J.D.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Da Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (P.W.); (Y.C.); (D.O.); (D.W.); (B.Z.); (J.D.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (P.W.); (Y.C.); (D.O.); (D.W.); (B.Z.); (J.D.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jie Deng
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (P.W.); (Y.C.); (D.O.); (D.W.); (B.Z.); (J.D.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yanhong Chen
- Guangzhou Institute for Food Inspection, Guangzhou 511400, China; (Y.W.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yuanming Sun
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (P.W.); (Y.C.); (D.O.); (D.W.); (B.Z.); (J.D.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (Y.S.); (H.W.)
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (P.W.); (Y.C.); (D.O.); (D.W.); (B.Z.); (J.D.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (Y.S.); (H.W.)
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Singh R, Zogg H, Ro S. Role of microRNAs in Disorders of Gut-Brain Interactions: Clinical Insights and Therapeutic Alternatives. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11101021. [PMID: 34683162 PMCID: PMC8541612 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11101021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Disorders of gut–brain interactions (DGBIs) are heterogeneous in nature and intertwine with diverse pathophysiological mechanisms. Regular functioning of the gut requires complex coordinated interplay between a variety of gastrointestinal (GI) cell types and their functions are regulated by multiple mechanisms at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression by binding to specific mRNA targets to repress their translation and/or promote the target mRNA degradation. Dysregulation of miRNAs might impair gut physiological functions leading to DGBIs and gut motility disorders. Studies have shown miRNAs regulate gut functions such as visceral sensation, gut immune response, GI barrier function, enteric neuronal development, and GI motility. These biological processes are highly relevant to the gut where neuroimmune interactions are key contributors in controlling gut homeostasis and functional defects lead to DGBIs. Although extensive research has explored the pathophysiology of DGBIs, further research is warranted to bolster the molecular mechanisms behind these disorders. The therapeutic targeting of miRNAs represents an attractive approach for the treatment of DGBIs because they offer new insights into disease mechanisms and have great potential to be used in the clinic as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. Here, we review recent advances regarding the regulation of miRNAs in GI pacemaking cells, immune cells, and enteric neurons modulating pathophysiological mechanisms of DGBIs. This review aims to assess the impacts of miRNAs on the pathophysiological mechanisms of DGBIs, including GI dysmotility, impaired intestinal barrier function, gut immune dysfunction, and visceral hypersensitivity. We also summarize the therapeutic alternatives for gut microbial dysbiosis in DGBIs, highlighting the clinical insights and areas for further exploration. We further discuss the challenges in miRNA therapeutics and promising emerging approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Seungil Ro
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-775-784-1462; Fax: +1-775-784-6903
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11
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Zheng H, Liu YJ, Chen ZC, Fan GQ. miR-222 regulates cell growth, apoptosis, and autophagy of interstitial cells of Cajal isolated from slow transit constipation rats by targeting c-kit. Indian J Gastroenterol 2021; 40:198-208. [PMID: 33792838 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-020-01143-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive autophagy and apoptosis of the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) have been identified in gastrointestinal (GI) motility disorders including slow transit constipation (STC). MicroRNA 222 (miR-222) has been shown to affect GI motility. This study aimed to explore whether miR-222 influences apoptosis and excessive autophagy of isolated ICC. METHODS miR-222, c-kit, and stem cell factor (SCF) were evaluated in colon tissues in STC rats compared with normal control by qRT-PCR and western blot analysis. The condition of autophagy of colon tissue was observed by transmission electron microscope. ICC were isolated from the colon of STC rats. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and wound healing assay were carried out to examine the cell viability and migration rate. Cell apoptosis was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and Annexin V-Flourescein Isothiocyanate/Propidine Iodide (FITC/PI) apoptosis detection kit. Western blot analysis was performed to detect the c-kit and SCF expression; apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, and pro-caspase-3; and autophagy-related proteins LC3B and Beclin-1. The connection between miR-222 and c-kit was detected by bioinformatics and luciferase activity analysis. RESULTS miR-222 expression was significantly higher, whereas c-kit and SCF expressions were markedly lower in STC rats' colon tissue compared with normal control. Meanwhile, STC rats exhibited excessive autophagy in colon tissue than normal control. Inhibition of miR-222 expression promoted cell proliferation as well as migration and inhibited autophagy, whereas upregulation of miR-222 had the opposite effect. In addition, miR-222 upregulation induced apoptosis and excessive autophagy compared with normal controls (NC). Western blot analysis showed that miR-222 overexpression caused decreased c-kit and SCF protein levels compared with NC. Bioinformatics and luciferase activity analysis revealed that miR-222 could be a predictive regulator of c-kit. CONCLUSION miR-222 induces apoptosis and excessive autophagy of ICC and may serve as potential biomarker for ICC loss in STC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zheng
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan-Ju Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, 276003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zi-Chao Chen
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong Province, China
| | - Gang-Qi Fan
- Department of Cerebropathy, Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210001, Jiangsu Province, China.
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12
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Singh R, Wei L, Ghoshal UC. Micro-organic basis of functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorders: Role of microRNAs in GI pacemaking cells. Indian J Gastroenterol 2021; 40:102-110. [PMID: 33738768 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-021-01159-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Singh
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, School of Medicine, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Lai Wei
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, School of Medicine, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Uday C Ghoshal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226 014, India.
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13
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Mazzone A, Strege PR, Gibbons SJ, Alcaino C, Joshi V, Haak AJ, Tschumperlin DJ, Bernard CE, Cima RR, Larson DW, Chua HK, Graham RP, El Refaey M, Mohler PJ, Hayashi Y, Ordog T, Calder S, Du P, Farrugia G, Beyder A. microRNA overexpression in slow transit constipation leads to reduced Na V1.5 current and altered smooth muscle contractility. Gut 2020; 69:868-876. [PMID: 31757880 PMCID: PMC7147984 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-318747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was designed to evaluate the roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in slow transit constipation (STC). DESIGN All human tissue samples were from the muscularis externa of the colon. Expression of 372 miRNAs was examined in a discovery cohort of four patients with STC versus three age/sex-matched controls by a quantitative PCR array. Upregulated miRNAs were examined by quantitative reverse transcription qPCR (RT-qPCR) in a validation cohort of seven patients with STC and age/sex-matched controls. The effect of a highly differentially expressed miRNA on a custom human smooth muscle cell line was examined in vitro by RT-qPCR, electrophysiology, traction force microscopy, and ex vivo by lentiviral transduction in rat muscularis externa organotypic cultures. RESULTS The expression of 13 miRNAs was increased in STC samples. Of those miRNAs, four were predicted to target SCN5A, the gene that encodes the Na+ channel NaV1.5. The expression of SCN5A mRNA was decreased in STC samples. Let-7f significantly decreased Na+ current density in vitro in human smooth muscle cells. In rat muscularis externa organotypic cultures, overexpression of let-7f resulted in reduced frequency and amplitude of contraction. CONCLUSIONS A small group of miRNAs is upregulated in STC, and many of these miRNAs target the SCN5A-encoded Na+ channel NaV1.5. Within this set, a novel NaV1.5 regulator, let-7f, resulted in decreased NaV1.5 expression, current density and reduced motility of GI smooth muscle. These results suggest NaV1.5 and miRNAs as novel diagnostic and potential therapeutic targets in STC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Mazzone
- Enteric NeuroScience Program (ENSP), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Peter R Strege
- Enteric NeuroScience Program (ENSP), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Simon J Gibbons
- Enteric NeuroScience Program (ENSP), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Constanza Alcaino
- Enteric NeuroScience Program (ENSP), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Vikram Joshi
- Enteric NeuroScience Program (ENSP), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Andrew J Haak
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Daniel J Tschumperlin
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Cheryl E Bernard
- Enteric NeuroScience Program (ENSP), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Robert R Cima
- Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - David W Larson
- Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Heidi K Chua
- Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Mona El Refaey
- Departments of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA,Department of Internal Medicine, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Peter J Mohler
- Departments of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Yujiro Hayashi
- Enteric NeuroScience Program (ENSP), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Tamas Ordog
- Enteric NeuroScience Program (ENSP), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Stefan Calder
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Peng Du
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gianrico Farrugia
- Enteric NeuroScience Program (ENSP), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA .,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Arthur Beyder
- Enteric NeuroScience Program (ENSP), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA .,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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14
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Zhou Y, Zheng X, Xu B, Hu W, Huang T, Jiang J. The Identification and Analysis of mRNA-lncRNA-miRNA Cliques From the Integrative Network of Ovarian Cancer. Front Genet 2019; 10:751. [PMID: 31497032 PMCID: PMC6712160 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality in women. Since little clinical symptoms were shown in the early period of ovarian cancer, most patients were found in phases III-IV or with abdominal metastasis when diagnosed. The lack of effective early diagnosis biomarkers makes ovarian cancer difficult to screen. However, in essence, the fundamental problem is we know very little about the regulatory mechanisms during tumorigenesis of ovarian cancer. There are emerging regulatory factors, such as long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), which have played important roles in cancers. Therefore, we analyzed the RNA-seq profiles of 407 ovarian cancer patients. An integrative network of 20,424 coding RNAs (mRNAs), 10,412 lncRNAs, and 742 miRNAs were construed with variance inflation factor (VIF) regression method. The mRNA-lncRNA-miRNA cliques were identified from the network and analyzed. Such promising cliques showed significant correlations with survival and stage of ovarian cancer and characterized the complex sponge regulatory mechanism, suggesting their contributions to tumorigenicity. Our results provided novel insights of the regulatory mechanisms among mRNAs, lncRNAs, and miRNAs and highlighted several promising regulators for ovarian cancer detection and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Zhou
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China.,Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, Changzhou, China.,Institute of Cell Therapy, Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xiao Zheng
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China.,Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, Changzhou, China.,Institute of Cell Therapy, Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China.,Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, Changzhou, China.,Institute of Cell Therapy, Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Wenwei Hu
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Jingting Jiang
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China.,Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, Changzhou, China.,Institute of Cell Therapy, Soochow University, Changzhou, China
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