1
|
Next-Generation Examination, Diagnosis, and Personalized Medicine in Periodontal Disease. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12101743. [PMID: 36294882 PMCID: PMC9605396 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12101743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease, a major cause of tooth loss, is an infectious disease caused by bacteria with the additional aspect of being a noncommunicable disease closely related to lifestyle. Tissue destruction based on chronic inflammation is influenced by host and environmental factors. The treatment of periodontal disease varies according to the condition of each individual patient. Although guidelines provide standardized treatment, optimization is difficult because of the wide range of treatment options and variations in the ideas and skills of the treating practitioner. The new medical concepts of “precision medicine” and “personalized medicine” can provide more predictive treatment than conventional methods by stratifying patients in detail and prescribing treatment methods accordingly. This requires a new diagnostic system that integrates information on individual patient backgrounds (biomarkers, genetics, environment, and lifestyle) with conventional medical examination information. Currently, various biomarkers and other new examination indices are being investigated, and studies on periodontal disease-related genes and the complexity of oral bacteria are underway. This review discusses the possibilities and future challenges of precision periodontics and describes the new generation of laboratory methods and advanced periodontal disease treatment approaches as the basis for this new field.
Collapse
|
2
|
Chatzopoulos GS, Doufexi AE, Zarenti S, Anastasopoulos M, Kouvatsi A. Interleukin-6 and Interleukin-10 Gene Polymorphisms in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis and Response to Treatment after 3 Years. Acta Stomatol Croat 2020; 54:238-249. [PMID: 33132387 PMCID: PMC7586901 DOI: 10.15644/asc54/3/2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to investigate whether genetic susceptibility to chronic periodontitis, conferred by the presence of the IL-6 -572GG genotype or the IL-10 -592A allele, influences the outcomes following a non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT)over a long period of time. Material and methods Thirty-seven chronic periodontitis patients were divided into two groups according to genotype as susceptible (SCP) and non-susceptible (NSCP). All subjects were clinically evaluated at baseline and 3 years following NSPT. Blood samples were collected at baseline from the individuals who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. All participants received NSPT from a single periodontist who was blind to the genotype status of each patient. A statistical analysis was performed by comparing the variables between groups using the Mann-Whitney U test and between baseline and 3 years for each group using the Wilcoxon test. Results The mean age of the population was estimated to be 47.68±8.64 years and it included 51.4% females, 48.6% smokers, and 45.9% alcohol consumers. Following a genetic analysis, 70.3% of patients were homozygous carriers of the IL-6 -572G (IL-6 SCP), and 46.0% of them were carriers of the IL-10 -592A allele (IL-10 SCP). NSPT reduced all studied parameters (probing depth, attachment loss, bleeding on probing, percentage of sites with 4-6mm and ≥7mm pocket depth and attachment loss) to all participants, but the treatment outcome was not associated with the genotype. The SCP and NSCP individuals showed similar clinical parameters at baseline and at 3 years. Conclusions Within the limitations of this 3-year prospective cohort study in Caucasians diagnosed with chronic periodontitis, individuals susceptible to periodontal disease as determined by the presence of the IL-6 -572GG genotype or the IL-10 -592A allele showed similar treatment outcome following NSPT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios S Chatzopoulos
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Aikaterini-Ellisavet Doufexi
- Private practice limited to Periodontics and Implant Dentistry, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Implant Biology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sofia Zarenti
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Implant Biology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Menelaos Anastasopoulos
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Implant Biology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasia Kouvatsi
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Borilova Linhartova P, Danek Z, Deissova T, Hromcik F, Lipovy B, Szaraz D, Janos J, Fassmann A, Bartova J, Drizhal I, Izakovicova Holla L. Interleukin Gene Variability and Periodontal Bacteria in Patients with Generalized Aggressive Form of Periodontitis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134728. [PMID: 32630798 PMCID: PMC7370291 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Host genetic predispositions to dysregulated immune response can influence the development of the aggressive form of periodontitis (AgP) through susceptibility to oral dysbiosis and subsequent host-microbe interaction. This case-control study aimed to perform a multilocus analysis of functional variants in selected interleukin (IL) genes in patients with the generalized form of AgP in a homogenous population. Twelve polymorphisms in IL-1 gene cluster, IL-6 and its receptor, IL-10, IL-17A, and IL-18 were determined in 91 AgP patients and 210 controls. Analysis of seven selected periodontal bacteria in subgingival sulci/pockets was performed with a commercial DNA-microarray kit in a subgroup of 76 individuals. The pilot in vitro study included stimulation of peripheral blood monocytes (PBMC) from 20 individuals with periodontal bacteria and measurement of IL-10 levels using the Luminex method. Only the unctional polymorphism IL-10 −1087 A/G (rs1800896) and specific IL-10 haplotypes were associated with the development of the disease (p < 0.05, Pcorr > 0.05). Four bacterial species occurred more frequently in AgP than in controls (p < 0.01, Pcorr < 0.05). Elevated IL-10 levels were found in AgP patients, carriers of IL-10 −1087GG genotype, and PBMCs stimulated by periodontal bacteria (p < 0.05, Pcorr > 0.05). We therefore conclude that a combination of genetic predisposition to the altered expression of IL-10 and the presence of specific periodontal bacteria may contribute to Th1/Th2 balance disruption and AgP development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Borilova Linhartova
- Clinic of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Pekarska 664/53, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic; (P.B.L.); (F.H.); (J.J.); (L.I.H.)
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (T.D.); (B.L.)
- Clinic of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Brno, Jihlavska 20, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Zdenek Danek
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (T.D.); (B.L.)
- Clinic of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Brno, Jihlavska 20, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic;
- Clinic of Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Jihlavska 20, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-532-232-484
| | - Tereza Deissova
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (T.D.); (B.L.)
| | - Filip Hromcik
- Clinic of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Pekarska 664/53, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic; (P.B.L.); (F.H.); (J.J.); (L.I.H.)
- Clinic of Stomatology, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Pekarska 664/53, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Bretislav Lipovy
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (T.D.); (B.L.)
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Jihlavska 20, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Brno, Jihlavska 20, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Szaraz
- Clinic of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Brno, Jihlavska 20, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic;
- Clinic of Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Jihlavska 20, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Julius Janos
- Clinic of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Pekarska 664/53, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic; (P.B.L.); (F.H.); (J.J.); (L.I.H.)
| | - Antonin Fassmann
- Clinic of Stomatology, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Pekarska 664/53, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Jirina Bartova
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Dental Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Karlovo nam. 554/32, 12808 Prague, Czech Republic;
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Dental Medicine, General University Hospital, Karlovo nam. 554/32, 12808 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Drizhal
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Simkova 870, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
| | - Lydie Izakovicova Holla
- Clinic of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Pekarska 664/53, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic; (P.B.L.); (F.H.); (J.J.); (L.I.H.)
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (T.D.); (B.L.)
- Clinic of Stomatology, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Pekarska 664/53, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Luca S, Francesco C, Damiano M, Alessandro N, Silvia C, Diego R, Michele R, Marco S. Evaluation of IL6, IL10 and VDR alleles distribution in an Italian large sample of subjects affected by chronic periodontal disease. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2019; 33:2058738419840844. [PMID: 31663450 PMCID: PMC6822182 DOI: 10.1177/2058738419840844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the role played by the immune response to bacteria in the
pathogenesis of chronic periodontal disease (PD) has long been studied. Although
from the clinical point of view, adequate oral hygiene is essential to ensure a
satisfactory response of the host to infections, modulation of the reaction of
immune system could be influenced by genetic factors. The aim of the present
study was to investigate the distribution of alleles of polymorphisms relevant
for chronic periodontitis in a sample of adult subjects affected by chronic PD.
The present study was conducted with sample collected in Italian private
practice offices from January 2013 to December 2017. The sample included 744
adult patients diagnosed with chronic periodontitis. The inclusion criteria were
as follows: age > 18 years, diagnosis of chronic PD. The diagnosis of chronic
periodontitis was based on the criteria established by the American Academy of
Periodontology. No significant difference in allele distribution among patients
from different Italian regions was found. Results, supporting absence of
population heterogeneity for the investigated polymorphisms in Italy, suggest
similar effect in periodontitis etiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scapoli Luca
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carinci Francesco
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Nota Alessandro
- Paediatric Dentistry, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Caruso Silvia
- Paediatric Dentistry, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Rossi Diego
- Maxillofacial and Dental Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Romano Michele
- Maxillofacial and Dental Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Severino Marco
- Paediatric Dentistry, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Heidari Z, Moudi B, Mahmoudzadeh-Sagheb H. Immunomodulatory factors gene polymorphisms in chronic periodontitis: an overview. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19:29. [PMID: 30755190 PMCID: PMC6373099 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0715-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic periodontitis (CP), defines as destruction of the supporting tissues of the teeth and resorption of the alveolar bone. It is widespread in human populations and represent an important problem for public health. CP results from inflammatory mechanisms created by the interaction between environmental and host genetic factors that confer the individual susceptibility to the disease. AIM The aim of the current study was to explore and summarize some functional biomarkers that are associated with CP susceptibility. METHODS CP is considered to be a multifactorial disease. The pathogenesis of multifactorial diseases is characterized by various biological pathways. The studies revealed that polymorphisms were associated with susceptibility to periodontal diseases. In other word, genetic variations can change the development of CP. However, there are some conflicting results, because there are different variations in frequency of some alleles in any populations. Therefore, we conducted the current review to completely understanding the special biomarkers for CP. RESULTS There is some evidence that SNPs in the IL-1α, IL-1β, IL1RN, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, TGF-β1, IFN-γ and VDR may be associated with CP susceptibility. CONCLUSION In conclusion, numerous studies have reported the host genetic factors associated with CP susceptibility and related traits. Therefore, it is prevail to study the multiple SNPs and their effects to find the useful diagnosis methods. The current study will investigate the relationship between polymorphisms in cytokine genes and the susceptibility to the chronic periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Heidari
- 0000 0004 0612 8339grid.488433.0Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran ,0000 0004 0612 8339grid.488433.0Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, 98167-43175 Iran
| | - Bita Moudi
- 0000 0004 0612 8339grid.488433.0Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran ,0000 0004 0612 8339grid.488433.0Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, 98167-43175 Iran
| | - Hamidreza Mahmoudzadeh-Sagheb
- 0000 0004 0612 8339grid.488433.0Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran ,0000 0004 0612 8339grid.488433.0Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, 98167-43175 Iran
| |
Collapse
|