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Damare R, Engle K, Kumar G. Targeting epidermal growth factor receptor and its downstream signaling pathways by natural products: A mechanistic insight. Phytother Res 2024; 38:2406-2447. [PMID: 38433568 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) that maintains normal tissues and cell signaling pathways. EGFR is overactivated and overexpressed in many malignancies, including breast, lung, pancreatic, and kidney. Further, the EGFR gene mutations and protein overexpression activate downstream signaling pathways in cancerous cells, stimulating the growth, survival, resistance to apoptosis, and progression of tumors. Anti-EGFR therapy is the potential approach for treating malignancies and has demonstrated clinical success in treating specific cancers. The recent report suggests most of the clinically used EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors developed resistance to the cancer cells. This perspective provides a brief overview of EGFR and its implications in cancer. We have summarized natural products-derived anticancer compounds with the mechanistic basis of tumor inhibition via the EGFR pathway. We propose that developing natural lead molecules into new anticancer agents has a bright future after clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rutuja Damare
- Department of Natural Products, Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Kritika Engle
- Department of Natural Products, Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Gautam Kumar
- Department of Natural Products, Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
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Shah HS, Zaib S, Khan I, Sliem MA, Alharbi O, Al-Ghorbani M, Jawad Z, Shahzadi K, Awan S. Preparation and investigation of a novel combination of Solanum nigrum-loaded, arabinoxylan-cross-linked β-cyclodextrin nanosponges for the treatment of cancer: in vitro, in vivo, and in silico evaluation. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1325498. [PMID: 38125886 PMCID: PMC10730681 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1325498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cancer contributes to a high mortality rate worldwide spanning its diversity from genetics to resistant therapeutic response. To date emerging strategies to combat and manage cancer are particularly focused on the development of targeted therapies as conventional treatments account for the destruction of normal cells as well. In this regard, medicinal plant-based therapies are quite promising in imposing minimal side effects; however, limitations like poor bioavailability and stability of bioactive phytochemicals are associated with them. In parallel, nanotechnology provides nominal solution to deliver particular therapeutic agent without compromising its stability. Methods: In this study, Solanum nigrum, an effective medicinal plant, loaded arabinoxylan cross-linked β-cyclodextrin nanosponges (SN-AXCDNS) were designed to evaluate antitumor activity against breast cancer. Therefore, SN-AXCDNS were prepared by using cross-linker melt method and characterized by physicochemical and pharmacological parameters. Results: Hydrodynamic size, zeta potential and entrapment efficiency (EE%) were estimated as 226 ± 4 nm, -29.15 ± 5.71 mV and 93%, respectively. Surface morphology of nanocomposites showed spherical, smooth, and porous form. Antitumor pharmacological characterization showed that SN loaded nanosponge demonstrated higher cytotoxicity (22.67 ± 6.11 μg/mL), by inducing DNA damage as compared to void SN extract. Flow cytometry analysis reported that encapsulated extract promoted cell cycle arrest at sub-G1 (9.51%). Moreover, in vivo analysis demonstrates the reduction in tumor weight and 85% survival chances in nanosponge treated mice featuring its effectiveness. In addition, in silico analysis revealed that β-cyclodextrin potentially inhibits MELK in breast cancer cell lines (B.E = -10.1 Kcal/mol). Conclusion: Therefore, findings of current study elucidated the therapeutic potential of β-cyclodextrin based nanosponges to be an alternative approach regarding the delivery and solubilization of antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Saeed Shah
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sumera Zaib
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz Khan
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mahmoud A. Sliem
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Medinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Alharbi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Medinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-Ghorbani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Medinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zobia Jawad
- Ladywillingdon Hospital, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Kiran Shahzadi
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Awan
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
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Pei H, Yang J, Li W, Luo X, Xu Y, Sun X, Chen Q, Zhao Q, Hou L, Tan G, Ji D. Solanum nigrum Linn.: Advances in anti-cancer activity and mechanism in digestive system tumors. Med Oncol 2023; 40:311. [PMID: 37775552 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02167-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Cancer has currently become a serious public health issue in many countries worldwide, and tumors of the digestive system have attracted an increasing number of researchers' due to their numerous types, high proportion and wide area of occurrence. While tumors of the digestive system suffer from high mortality rates, leading to untimely diagnosis and a poor prognosis, making it necessary to update current treatment approaches such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. This highlights the importance of exploring novel therapeutic ideas and targets. Traditional Chinese medicine has a long history of clinical use due to its low toxicity and multi-factor targeting of multiple pathways. As a kind of traditional Chinese herb, S. nigrum Linn. is highly regarded for its proven antitumor activity. The aim of this study was to comprehensively recapitulate and analyze the anti-cancer effects and molecular mechanisms of treatment of gastrointestinal tumors with S. nigrum Linn. extracts and related compounds, including classical signaling pathways mediated by them as well as noncoding RNA pathways associated with tumor suppression. Components that have been found to be responsible for the anti-cancer activity of S. nigrum Linn. include solanine, solasonine, solamargine, a-L-rhhamnopyranose, uttroside B, degalactotigonin, glycoprotein, and other compounds. The underlying mechanisms of anti-cancer activity reflected in this study include apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, autophagy, anti-angiogenesis, suppression of metastasis and invasion, immune escape, and increased sensitivity to radiotherapy. S. nigrum Linn. has great potential in the treatment of tumors of the digestive system, and through further clinical trials and pharmacological mechanisms it has the potential to become a uniform and standardized anti-tumor drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Pei
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wang Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xing Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xueying Sun
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Li Hou
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Gang Tan
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Daolin Ji
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China.
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Chen JF, Wu SW, Shi ZM, Qu YJ, Ding MR, Hu B. Exploring the components and mechanism of Solanum nigrum L. for colon cancer treatment based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1111799. [PMID: 36969029 PMCID: PMC10030522 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1111799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundSolanum nigrum L. (SNL) (Longkui) is a Chinese herb that can be used to treat colon cancer. The present study explored the components and mechanisms of SNL in treating colon cancer by using network pharmacology and molecular docking.MethodsThe components of SNL were collected from the TCMSP, ETCM, HERB, and NPASS databases. Meanwhile, the target proteins of these ingredients were collected/predicted by the TCMSP, SEA, SwissTargetPrediction, and the STITCH databases colon cancer-related target genes were identified from TCGA and GTEx databases. The interaction networks were established via Cytoscape 3.7.2. Gene Ontology and KEGG pathways were enriched by using the David 6.8 online tool. Finally, the binding of key components and targets was verified by molecular docking, and the cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) was used to detect the efficiency of apigenin and kaempferol binding to the AURKB protein in CT26 cells.ResultsA total of 37 SNL components, 796 SNL targets, 5,356 colon cancer genes, and 241 shared targets of SNL and colon cancer were identified. A total of 43 key targets were obtained through topology analysis. These key targets are involved in multiple biological processes, such as signal transduction and response to drug and protein phosphorylation. At the same time, 104 signaling pathways, such as pathways in cancer, human cytomegalovirus infection, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, are also involved. The binding of the four key components (i.e., quercetin, apigenin, kaempferol, and luteolin) and the key targets was verified by molecular docking. The CETSA results showed that apigenin and kaempferol were able to bind to the AURKB protein to exert anti-CRC effects.ConclusionsQuercetin, apigenin, kaempferol, and luteolin are the main components of SNL in treating colon cancer. SNL regulates multiple bioprocesses via signaling pathways, such as pathways in cancer, PI3K-Akt, and cell cycle signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Fang Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Wei Wu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Man Shi
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Jie Qu
- Department of Neurology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min-Rui Ding
- Department of Neurology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Hu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Bing Hu,
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Wang Y, Wang S, Xu J, Wang Y, Xiang L, He X. Total steroidal saponins from black nightshade (Solanum nigrum L.) overcome tumor multidrug resistance by inducing autophagy-mediated cell death in vivo and in vitro. Phytother Res 2023. [PMID: 36877123 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple drug resistance (MDR) often occurs after prolonged chemotherapy, leading to refractory tumors and cancer recurrence. In this study, we demonstrated that the total steroidal saponins from Solanum nigrum L. (SN) had broad-spectrum cytotoxic activity against various human leukemia cancer cell lines, especially in adriamycin (ADR)-sensitive and resistant K562 cell lines. Moreover, SN could effectively inhibit the expression of ABC transporter in K562/ADR cells in vivo and in vitro. In vivo, by establishing K562/ADR xenograft tumor model, we demonstrated that SN might overcome drug resistance and inhibit the proliferation of tumors by regulating autophagy. In vitro, the increased LC3 puncta, the expression of LC3-II and Beclin-1, and the decreased expression of p62/SQSTM1 in SN-treated K562/ADR and K562 cells demonstrated autophagy induced by SN. Moreover, using the autophagy inhibitors or transfecting the ATG5 shRNA, we confirmed that autophagy induced by SN was a key factor in overcoming MDR thereby promoting cell death in K562/ADR cells. More importantly, SN-induced autophagy through the mTOR signaling pathway to overcome drug resistance and ultimately induced autophagy-mediated cell death in K562/ADR cells. Taken together, our findings suggest that SN has the potential to treat multidrug-resistant leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Lead Compounds & Drug Discovery, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Lead Compounds & Drug Discovery, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingwen Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Lead Compounds & Drug Discovery, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yihai Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Lead Compounds & Drug Discovery, Guangzhou, China
| | - Limin Xiang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Lead Compounds & Drug Discovery, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangjiu He
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Lead Compounds & Drug Discovery, Guangzhou, China
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Zhou Z, Dong Y, Li N, Niu M, Wang S, Zhou Y, Sun Z, Chu P, Tang Z. An oleanolic acid derivative, K73-03, inhibits pancreatic cancer cells proliferation in vitro and in vivo via blocking EGFR/Akt pathway. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:1801-1813. [PMID: 35925004 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Oleanolic acid (OA) and its derivatives show potent anticancer function. Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the fourth core motive of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been implicated in PC and has been validated as a therapeutic target. Our study demonstrated that K73-03, an OA derivative, was identified as a potent inhibitor of EGFR by using reverse pharmacophore screening and molecular dynamics simulation assays. Moreover, Western blot analysis showed that K73-03 markedly suppressed the levels of phosphorylated-EGFR (p-EGFR) and phosphorylated-Akt (p-Akt). The inhibitory effect of K73-03 on PC cells was assessed in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, K73-03 effectively inhibited the cell proliferation of PC cells, and induced apoptosis and autophagy of ASPC-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, pretreatment with chloroquine, an autophagy inhibitor, significantly inhibited K73-03-induced autophagy and enhanced K73-03-induced apoptotic cell death. K73-03 also strongly repressed ASPC-1 cells xenograft growth in vivo. Thus, all these findings provided new clues about OA analog K73-03 as an effective anticancer agent targeted EGFR against ASPC-1 cells, it is worth further evaluation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yaokun Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Mengyue Niu
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shisheng Wang
- Department of pharmacy, School of chemical engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Yuanzhang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhaolin Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Peng Chu
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zeyao Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Kowalczyk T, Merecz-Sadowska A, Rijo P, Mori M, Hatziantoniou S, Górski K, Szemraj J, Piekarski J, Śliwiński T, Bijak M, Sitarek P. Hidden in Plants—A Review of the Anticancer Potential of the Solanaceae Family in In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061455. [PMID: 35326606 PMCID: PMC8946528 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The Solanaceae family is one of the most important arable and economic families in the world. In addition, it includes a wide range of valuable active secondary metabolites of species with biological and medical properties. This literature review focuses on the assessment of the anticancer properties of the extracts and pure compounds, and the synergistic effects with chemotherapeutic agents and nanoparticles from various species of the Solanaceae family, as well as their potential molecular mechanisms of action in in vitro and in vivo studies in various types of tumours. Abstract Many of the anticancer agents that are currently in use demonstrate severe side effects and encounter increasing resistance from the target cancer cells. Thus, despite significant advances in cancer therapy in recent decades, there is still a need to discover and develop new, alternative anticancer agents. The plant kingdom contains a range of phytochemicals that play important roles in the prevention and treatment of many diseases. The Solanaceae family is widely used in the treatment of various diseases, including cancer, due to its bioactive ingredient content. The purpose of this literature review is to highlight the antitumour activity of Solanaceae extracts—single isolated compounds and nanoparticles with extracts—and their synergistic effect with chemotherapeutic agents in various in vitro and in vivo cancer models. In addition, the biological properties of many plants of the Solanaceae family have not yet been investigated, which represents a challenge and an opportunity for future anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kowalczyk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Anna Merecz-Sadowska
- Department of Computer Science in Economics, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Patricia Rijo
- CBIOS—Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal;
- iMed.ULisboa—Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mattia Mori
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Sophia Hatziantoniou
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Karol Górski
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Janusz Piekarski
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Chair of Oncology, Medical University in Lodz, Nicolaus Copernicus Multidisciplinary Centre for Oncology and Traumatology, 93-513 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Śliwiński
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Michał Bijak
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Przemysław Sitarek
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Herbals and Plants in the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer: A Systematic Review of Experimental and Clinical Studies. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030619. [PMID: 35276978 PMCID: PMC8839014 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Pancreatic cancer represents the most lethal malignancy among all digestive cancers. Despite the therapeutic advances achieved during recent years, the prognosis of this neoplasm remains disappointing. An enormous amount of experimental (mainly) and clinical research has recently emerged referring to the effectiveness of various plants administered either alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic agents. Apart from Asian countries, the use of these plants and herbals in the treatment of digestive cancer is also increasing in a number of Western countries as well. The aim of this study is to review the available literature regarding the efficacy of plants and herbals in pancreatic cancer. Methods: The authors have reviewed all the experimental and clinical studies published in Medline and Embase, up to June 2021. Results: More than 100 plants and herbals were thoroughly investigated. Favorable effects concerning the inhibition of cancer cell lines in the experimental studies and a favorable clinical outcome after combining various plants with established chemotherapeutic agents were observed. These herbals and plants exerted their activity against pancreatic cancer via a number of mechanisms. The number and severity of side-effects are generally of a mild degree. Conclusion: A quite high number of clinical and experimental studies confirmed the beneficial effect of many plants and herbals in pancreatic cancer. More large, double-blind clinical studies assessing these natural products, either alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic agents should be conducted.
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Gupta S, Kumar A, Tejavath KK. A pharmacognostic approach for mitigating pancreatic cancer: emphasis on herbal extracts and phytoconstituents. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00246-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Pancreatic cancer is studied as one of the most lethal cancers with currently no control of its lethality, mainly due to its late diagnosis and lack of foolproof treatment processes. Despite continuous efforts being made in looking for therapies to deal with cancer, it keeps on being a labyrinth for the researchers. Efforts like discovering new treatment options, repurposing existing drugs, are continuously made to deal with this cancer.
Main body
With the urge to get answers and the fact that nature has all roots of therapeutics, efforts are made in the direction of finding those answers for providing ministrations for pancreatic cancer from plant products. Plant products are used as treatment options either directly in the form of extracts or an alternative to them is individual phytochemicals that are either isolated from the plants or are commercially synthesized for various purposes. In this review, we put forward such pharmacognostic initiatives made in combating pancreatic cancer, focusing mainly on plant extracts and various phytochemicals; along with the mechanisms which they triggered to fulfill the need for cytotoxicity to pancreatic cancer cells (in vitro and in vivo).
Conclusion
This study will thus provide insights into new combination therapy that can be used and also give a clue on which plant product and phytoconstituent can be used in dealing with pancreatic cancer.
Graphical abstract
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10
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Structure, Bioactivity and Analytical Methods for the Determination of Yucca Saponins. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175251. [PMID: 34500685 PMCID: PMC8433717 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Yucca is one of the main sources of steroidal saponins, hence different extracts are commercialized for use as surfactant additives by beverage, animal feed, cosmetics or agricultural products. For a deeper understanding of the potential of the saponins that can be found in this genus, an exhaustive review of the structural characteristics, bioactivities and analytical methods that can be used with these compounds has been carried out, since there are no recent reviews on the matter. Thus, a total of 108 saponins from eight species of the genus Yucca have been described. Out of these, the bioactivity of 68 saponins derived from the isolation of Yucca or other genera has been evaluated. Regarding the evaluation and quality control of the saponins from this genus LC-MS technique is the most often used. Nevertheless, the development of methods for their routine analysis in commercial preparations are needed. Moreover, most of the studies found in the literature have been carried out on Y. schidigera extract, since is the most often used for commercial purposes. Only eight of the 50 species that belong to this genus have been studied, which clearly indicates that the identification of saponins present in Yucca genus is still an unresolved question.
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Mohapatra S, Biswal AK, Dandapat J, Debata PR. Leaf Extract of Nerium oleander L. Inhibits Cell Proliferation, Migration and Arrest of Cell Cycle at G2/M Phase in HeLa Cervical Cancer Cell. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 21:649-657. [PMID: 32781975 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200811121400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is one of the most common gynaecological malignant tumors reported in women. Although a number of early screening and treatment options are available, mortality due to cervical cancer remains high. Nerium oleander L. is a potential medicinal plant that possesses a wide spectrum of pharmacological and physiological activities including anticancer activities. OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the antiproliferative activity, inhibition of cell migration and cell cycle arrest by the chloroform extract of leaves of Nerium Oleander L. in HeLa cervical cancer cells. The chloroform extract of Catharanthus roseus which contains anti-cancer compounds, Vinblastin and Vincristin, was used as a positive control for this study. METHODS The chloroform extracts of Nerium oleander L. and Catharanthus roseus were prepared using the standard protocol. The cytotoxic effects were studied by MTT assay. Cell migration was studied by in vitro scratch assay. Analysis of the cell cycle was carried out by Propidium iodide staining and Flow Cytometry. The expression level of various proteins was evaluated by immunocytochemistry. RESULTS In this study, we showed that the leaf extract of Nerium oleander inhibited the growth of HeLa cervical cancer cells in culture and inhibited cell migration. Besides, it arrested the cell cycle at the G2/M phase. The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) expression and phosphorylated p-Rb (Ser 780) level were significantly downregulated by leaf extract of Nerium oleander. CONCLUSION The extract of Nerium oleander L. contains potential bioactive compounds that inhibit HeLa cell proliferation, cell migration and arrest cell cycle at the G2/M phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhasmita Mohapatra
- P.G. Department of Zoology, North Orissa University, Takatpur, Baripada, Mayurbhanj, Odisha, 757003, India
| | - Anil K Biswal
- P.G. Department of Botany, North Orissa University, Takatpur, Baripada, Mayurbhanj, Odisha, 757003, India
| | - Jagnehswar Dandapat
- P.G. Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar Odisha, 751004, India
| | - Priya R Debata
- P.G. Department of Zoology, North Orissa University, Takatpur, Baripada, Mayurbhanj, Odisha, 757003, India
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Xu P, Wang X, Qian J, Li Z, Yao J, Xu AM. The prognostic evaluation of CA19-9, D-dimer and TNFAIP3/A20 in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e24651. [PMID: 33578593 PMCID: PMC10545421 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000024651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT This study aimed to explore the significance and prognostic value of serum tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), D-dimer, and tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3/A20) in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).Our study included 148 patients treated for PDAC at Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University from January 2012 to December 2016. Cutoff prognostic values were predicted using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to assess the survival rates of patients. Univariate and multivariate COX regression analyses were used to evaluate the prognostic factors.The recommended cutoff values of neutrophil-lymphocyte rate (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte rate (PLR), CA19-9, and D-dimer were 2.04 (sensitivity, 0.59; specificity, 0.9; area under the ROC curve [AUC], 0.749; P < .001), 52.94 (sensitivity, 0.73; specificity, 0.95; AUC, 0.829; P < .001), 176.66 U/mL (sensitivity, 0.7; specificity, 0.9; AUC, 0.794; P < .001), and 1.18 mg/L (sensitivity, 0.82; specificity, 0.9; AUC, 0.845; P < .001), respectively. Positive TNFAIP3/A20 expression was considered as an inclusion criterion. Serum CA19-9 expression was related with lymph node metastasis (P = .010), tumor-lymph node-metastasis (TNM) stage (P < .001), and survival rate (P < .001). D-dimer was correlated with tumor differentiation grade (P = .014), tumor size (P = .045), TNM stage (P < .001), and survival rate (P < .001). TNFAIP3/A20 was correlated with tumor differentiation grade (P < .001), body mass index (BMI) (P < .001), TNM stage (P = .014), and survival rate (P < .001). Kaplan-Meier curves showed that PDAC patients had significant differences in CA19-9, D-dimer, and TNFAIP3/A20 expressions (P < .05). CA19-9, D-dimer, TNM stage, tumor differentiation grade, and TNFAIP3/A20 were independent prognostic markers for PDAC in univariate and multivariate COX analyses.CA19-9, D-dimer, and TNFAIP3/A20 were found to be independent prognostic markers for PDAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou
| | - XiaoDong Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou
| | - JianJun Qian
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou
| | - ZhengNan Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou
| | - Jie Yao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou
| | - AMan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Ye Z, Zhu Z, Xie J, Feng Z, Li Y, Xu X, Li W, Chen W. Hsa_circ_0000069 Knockdown Inhibits Tumorigenesis and Exosomes with Downregulated hsa_circ_0000069 Suppress Malignant Transformation via Inhibition of STIL in Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:9859-9873. [PMID: 33324055 PMCID: PMC7732169 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s279258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play an important role in the tumorigenesis of pancreatic cancer. However, the expression profiles and roles of circRNAs in pancreatic cancer remain largely unknown. Methods To identify differentially expressed circRNAs (DEcircRNAs) between pancreatic cancer and matched normal tissues, bioinformatics analysis was performed. Hsa_circ_0000069 was identified by 0.bioinformatics analysis. In addition, the level of hsa_circ_0000069 in pancreatic cancer tissues and cell lines, and pancreatic cancer cell-derived exosomes were assessed using RT-qPCR assay. Results The expression of hsa_circ_0000069 was markedly upregulated in pancreatic cancer tissues and cell lines. SCL/TAL1 interrupting locus (STIL) is the parent gene for hsa_circ_0000069, and its high expression was related to poor overall survival in patients with pancreatic cancer. In addition, downregulation of hsa_circ_0000069 markedly suppressed STIL expression, induced the apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, and inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion in pancreatic cancer cells. Moreover, hsa_circ_0000069 knockdown inhibited the growth of xenograft pancreatic cancer tumors in vivo. Furthermore, human pancreatic duct epithelial cells (HPDE) are capable of internalizing SW1990 cell-derived exosomes, allowing the transfer of hsa_circ_0000069. Significantly, SW1990 cell-derived exosomes promoted the proliferation, migration and cell cycle progression of HPDE cells, whereas exosomes with downregulated hsa_circ_0000069 suppressed the proliferation, migration and cell cycle progression of HPDE cells, by suppressing STIL expression. Conclusion Our results suggest that hsa_circ_0000069 knockdown could inhibit pancreatic cancer tumorigenesis and exosomes with downregulated hsa_circ_0000069 could suppress HPDE cell malignant transformation. Collectively, hsa_circ_0000069 might be a therapeutic target for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Ye
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaobi Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaming Xie
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Feng
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yecheng Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangrong Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, People's Republic of China
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Diversity and Antimicrobial Activity of Culturable Fungal Endophytes in Solanum mauritianum. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17020439. [PMID: 31936472 PMCID: PMC7013891 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17020439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant endophytes are microbial sources of bioactive secondary metabolites, which mimic the natural compounds chemistry of their respective host plants in a similar manner. This study explored the isolation and identification of fungal endophytes, and investigated the antibacterial and antimycobacterial activity of their crude extracts. Fungal endophytes were isolated from Solanum mauritianum, identified using morphological traits and internal transcribed spacer ribosomal-deoxyribonucleic acid (ITS-rDNA) sequence analysis. Eight fungal endophytes were identified as Aureobasidium pullulans, Paracamarosporium leucadendri, Cladosporium sp., Collectotrichum boninense, Fusarium sp., Hyalodendriella sp., and Talaromyces sp., while Penicillium chrysogenum was isolated from the leaves and unripe fruits. Good activity was observed for the crude extracts of Paracamarosporium leucadendri inhibiting Mycobacterium bovis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 6 µg/mL. Crude extracts of Fusarium sp., showed activity at 9 μg/mL against M. bovis, M. smegmatis and K. pneumonia. In general, the crude extracts showed great activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and novel results for two mycobacteria species M. bovis and M. smegmatis. The results provide evidence of diverse fungal endophytes isolated from Solanum mauritianum, and evidence that fungal endophytes are a good source of bioactive compounds with pharmaceutical potential, particularly against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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Probing the Antitumor Mechanism of Solanum nigrum L. Aqueous Extract against Human Breast Cancer MCF7 Cells. Bioengineering (Basel) 2019; 6:bioengineering6040112. [PMID: 31835887 PMCID: PMC6955812 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering6040112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Solanum nigrum L. is one of the major medicinal plants used to treat cancer. However, the functional mechanism of S. nigrum L. extract is still unknown in spite of numerous studies on its active components. In this study, we probed the potential anticancer mechanism of the aqueous extract of S. nigrum L. (AESN) towards human breast cancer cell line MCF7. At a concentration of 10 g/L, AESN caused 43% cytotoxicity, inhibited the migration, and suppressed the activities of hexokinase and pyruvate kinase by about 30% and 40%, respectively, towards the MCF7 cells. RT2-PCR analysis of a panel of 89 caner-related genes identified 13 upregulated and eight downregulated genes (>2-folds) in MCF7 cells upon AESN treatment. Gene ontology (GO) and functional disease ontology (FunDO) analyses show that the antitumor function of S. nigrum L. involves multiple genes and these genes are shared across other diseases or disorders.
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Wang L, Chen T, Li X, Yan W, Lou Y, Liu Z, Chen H, Cui Z. USP39 promotes ovarian cancer malignant phenotypes and carboplatin chemoresistance. Int J Oncol 2019; 55:277-288. [PMID: 31180526 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin‑specific protease 39 (USP39), as one of the deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), exhibits aberrant an expression and has oncogenic functions in several types of cancer. However, the function and underlying molecular mechanisms of action of USP39 in ovarian cancer remain largely undetermined. The present study thus aimed to investigate whether USP39 is a promising tumor‑associated gene and whether it could be a viable target for overcoming chemotherapeutic resistance in ovarian cancer. The present study identified that USP39 was highly expressed in ovarian cancer samples with carboplatin resistance. A series of functional assays revealed that the knockdown of USP39 in ES2 and SKOV3 cells significantly decreased cell proliferation, induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and impaired the cell colony formation ability. USP39 deficiency enhanced the carboplatin‑induced apoptosis of the SKOV3 cells via the activation of poly‑ADP ribose polymerase and caspase‑3. USP39 knockdown led to the inhibition of cell migration and invasion. The opposite effects were observed when USP39 was overexpressed in the ES2 and SKOV3 cells. In vivo animal models revealed that the subcutaneous transplantation and intraperitoneal injection of USP39‑overexpressing ES2 cells increased tumor burden with or without treatment with carboplatin. However, the knockdown of USP39 suppressed SKOV3 cell growth in vivo. Mechanistic analyses also demonstrated that USP39 induced the phosphorylation of extracellular signal‑regulated kinase and AKT and increased the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor and cyclin B1. Collectively, the findings of this study suggest that USP39 may paly a vital role in regulating ovarian cancer malignant phenotypes and carboplatin resistance. Therefore, USP39 may prove to be a promising therapeutic target for patients with ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhi Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266061, P.R. China
| | - Tanxiu Chen
- Department of Science and Education, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330029, P.R. China
| | - Xukun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beiing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Wei Yan
- 6th Department of Internal Medicine, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330029, P.R. China
| | - Yanhui Lou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266061, P.R. China
| | - Zhihua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beiing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Hongyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beiing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Zhumei Cui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266061, P.R. China
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