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Shiau JP, Chuang YT, Tang JY, Yang KH, Chang FR, Hou MF, Yen CY, Chang HW. The Impact of Oxidative Stress and AKT Pathway on Cancer Cell Functions and Its Application to Natural Products. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1845. [PMID: 36139919 PMCID: PMC9495789 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and AKT serine-threonine kinase (AKT) are responsible for regulating several cell functions of cancer cells. Several natural products modulate both oxidative stress and AKT for anticancer effects. However, the impact of natural product-modulating oxidative stress and AKT on cell functions lacks systemic understanding. Notably, the contribution of regulating cell functions by AKT downstream effectors is not yet well integrated. This review explores the role of oxidative stress and AKT pathway (AKT/AKT effectors) on ten cell functions, including apoptosis, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial morphogenesis, ferroptosis, necroptosis, DNA damage response, senescence, migration, and cell-cycle progression. The impact of oxidative stress and AKT are connected to these cell functions through cell function mediators. Moreover, the AKT effectors related to cell functions are integrated. Based on this rationale, natural products with the modulating abilities for oxidative stress and AKT pathway exhibit the potential to regulate these cell functions, but some were rarely reported, particularly for AKT effectors. This review sheds light on understanding the roles of oxidative stress and AKT pathway in regulating cell functions, providing future directions for natural products in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ping Shiau
- Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan or
| | - Ya-Ting Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Yang Tang
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaoshiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Han Yang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Feng Hou
- Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan or
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yu Yen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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Song Y, Li L, Chen J, Chen H, Cui B, Feng Y, Zhang P, Zhang Q, Xia Y, Luo M. Thioridazine hydrochloride: an antipsychotic agent that inhibits tumor growth and lung metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer via inducing G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:3521-3533. [PMID: 33315498 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1850969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
ABBREVIATIONS CCK8: Cell Counting Kit-8; CDK: cyclin-dependent kinase; DRD2: dopamine D2 receptor; ERK1/2: extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; H&E: hematoxylin and eosin; MMP: membrane potential; NAC: N-acetyl-L-cysteine; PI: Propidium iodide; Rh123: rhodamine-123; ROS: reactive oxygen species; TBST: tris-buffered saline containing 0.1% Tween 20 TNBC: Triple-negative breast cancer; Thi-hyd: Thioridazine hydrochloride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bomiao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiangsheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Xia
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Min Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Zhu C, Xiang W, Li B, Wang Y, Feng S, Wang C, Chen Y, Xie W, Qu L, Huang H, Annunziata F, Nunna S, Krepelova A, Mohammad M. Rasa S, Neri F, Chen J, Jiang H. DNA methylation modulates allograft survival and acute rejection after renal transplantation by regulating the mTOR pathway. Am J Transplant 2020. [PMCID: PMC7891393 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Li H, Cao X, Chen X, Yi X, Xia J, Chen J, Yang L. Bufadienolides induce apoptosis and autophagy by inhibiting the AKT signaling pathway in melanoma A‑375 cells. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:2347-2354. [PMID: 31322190 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of bufadienolides on the A‑375 melanoma cell line, and to delineate the underlying mechanism. A Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay was used to determine the viability of the cells, and flow cytometry was used to evaluate apoptosis. Western blot analysis was used to evaluate the expression levels of proteins involved in the AKT pathway that are associated with apoptosis and autophagy. The results demonstrated that bufadienolides reduced the viability of A‑375 cells in a dose‑ and a time‑dependent manner. Following treatment with bufadienolides, A‑375 cells exhibited clear properties that were characteristic of apoptosis and autophagy. The expression levels of the pro‑apoptotic proteins Bax and p53 were upregulated, whereas those of the anti‑apoptotic proteins, Bcl‑2 and caspase‑3 were downregulated. In addition, the level of a protein known to be associated with autophagy, microtubule‑associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3‑II, was increased, whereas that of p62 protein was reduced. Finally, the AKT signaling pathway was blocked in the bufadienolide‑treated A‑375 cells. In conclusion, these results revealed that bufadienolides effectively induced apoptosis and autophagy in A‑375 cells via the AKT pathway, and therefore may be one of the candidate targets for the future development of targeted drugs to treat melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huannan Li
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoren Cao
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, P.R. China
| | - Xiongbing Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Yi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, P.R. China
| | - Jun Xia
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, P.R. China
| | - Jilan Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, P.R. China
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, P.R. China
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