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Osorio-Cruz Y, Olivares-Corichi IM, Correa-Basurto J, González-Garrido JA, Pereyra-Vergara F, Rivera G, García-Sánchez JR. The Autoxidized Mixture of (-)-Epicatechin Contains Procyanidins and Shows Antiproliferative and Apoptotic Activity in Breast Cancer Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:258. [PMID: 38399473 PMCID: PMC10892779 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
For this study, procyanidins generated through the autoxidation of (-)-epicatechin (Flavan-3-ol) under mildly acidic conditions (pH = 6.0) were characterized with ultra high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Two procyanidins (types A and B) and a mix of oligomers were generated through the autoxidation of (-)-epicatechin. The antiproliferative activity of this mixture of procyanidins on MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-436, and MCF-7 breast cancer cells was evaluated. The results indicate that the procyanidin mixture inhibited the proliferation of breast cancer cells, where the activity of the procyanidin mixture was stronger than that of (-)-epicatechin. Moreover, the mechanism underlying the antiproliferative activity of procyanidins was investigated. The resulting data demonstrate that the procyanidins induced apoptotic cell death in a manner selective to cancerous cells. In particular, they caused the activation of intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways in the breast cancer cells. The findings obtained in this study demonstrate that the generation of procyanidins in vitro by the autoxidation of (-)-epicatechin has potential for the development of anti-breast cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazmin Osorio-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular y Estrés Oxidativo de la Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (Y.O.-C.); (F.P.-V.)
| | - Ivonne María Olivares-Corichi
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular y Estrés Oxidativo de la Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (Y.O.-C.); (F.P.-V.)
| | - José Correa-Basurto
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotecnológica, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico;
| | - José Arnold González-Garrido
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación de Ciencia y Tecnología Aplicada de Tabasco (CICTAT), División Académica de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Carretera Cunduacán-Jalpa KM. 1 Colonia la Esmeralda, Villahermosa 86690, Mexico;
| | - Fernando Pereyra-Vergara
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular y Estrés Oxidativo de la Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (Y.O.-C.); (F.P.-V.)
| | - Gildardo Rivera
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico;
| | - José Rubén García-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular y Estrés Oxidativo de la Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (Y.O.-C.); (F.P.-V.)
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Exploring the Formation of Polymers with Anti-Amyloid Properties within the 2′3′-Dihydroxyflavone Autoxidation Process. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091711. [PMID: 36139781 PMCID: PMC9495709 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β and α-synuclein aggregation into amyloid fibrils is linked to the onset and progression of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. While there are only a few disease-modifying drugs, it is essential to search for new, more effective ways to encounter these neurodegenerative diseases. Multiple research articles have shown that the autoxidation of flavone is a critical factor for activating the inhibitory potential against the protein aggregation. Despite this, the structure of the newly-formed inhibitors is unknown. In this research, we examined the autoxidation products of 2′,3′-dihydroxyflavone that were previously shown to possess one of the most prominent inhibitory effects against amyloid-β aggregation. Their analysis using HPLC suggested the formation of polymeric molecules that were isolated using a 3 kDa cut-off. These polymeric structures were indicated as the most potent inhibitors based on protein aggregation kinetics and AFM studies. This revelation was confirmed using MALDI-TOF and NMR. We also show that active molecules have a tendency to reduce the Amyloid-β and α-synuclein aggregates toxicity to SH-SY5Y cells.
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Comparison of Phenolic Contents and Scavenging Activities of Miang Extracts Derived from Filamentous and Non-Filamentous Fungi-Based Fermentation Processes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071144. [PMID: 34356376 PMCID: PMC8301141 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The study investigated the impact of the fermentation process on the phenolic contents and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in extracts of Miang, an ethnic fermented tea product of northern Thailand. The acetone (80%) extraction of Miang samples fermented by a non-filamentous fungi-based process (NFP) and filamentous fungi-based process (FFP) had elevated levels of total polyphenols, total tannins, and condensed tannins compared to young and mature tea leaves. The antioxidant studies also showed better the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values for fermented leaves in both 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity assays as well as improved ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) compared to young and mature tea leaves. Extracts of NFP and FFP samples at concentrations of 50 and 100 ppm showed better protective effects against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in HT-29 colorectal cells without exerting cytotoxicity. Additionally, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of nitric oxide (a proinflammatory mediator as well as a reactive nitrogen species) was also inhibited by these fermented Miang extracts with an IC50 values of 17.15 μg/mL (NFP), 20.17 μg/mL (FFP), 33.96 μg/mL (young tea leaves), and 31.33 μg/mL (mature tea leaves). Therefore, both NFP-Miang and FFP-Miang showed the potential to be targeted as natural bioactive functional ingredients with preventive properties against free radical and inflammatory-mediated diseases.
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Lambert de Malezieu M, Ferron S, Sauvager A, Courtel P, Ramassamy C, Tomasi S, Abasq ML. UV-Vis Spectroelectrochemistry of Oleuropein, Tyrosol, and p-Coumaric Acid Individually and in an Equimolar Combination. Differences in LC-ESI-MS 2 Profiles of Oxidation Products and their Neuroprotective Properties. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E802. [PMID: 31795228 PMCID: PMC6995624 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Major phenolic compounds from olive oil (ArOH-EVOO), oleuropein (Ole), tyrosol (Tyr), and p-coumaric acid (p-Cou), are known for their antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. We previously demonstrated that their combination could potentiate their antioxidant activity in vitro and in cellulo. To further our knowledge of their electron-transfer properties, Ole, Tyr, and p-Cou underwent a spectroelectrochemical study, performed either individually or in equimolar mixtures. Two mixtures (Mix and Mix-seq) were prepared in order to determine whether distinct molecules could arise from their simultaneous or sequential oxidation. The comparison of Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS2) profiles highlighted the presence of specific oxidized products found in the mixes. We hypothesized that they derived from the dimerization between Tyr and Ole or p-Cou, which have reacted either in their native or oxidized forms. Moreover, Ole regenerates when the Mix undergoes oxidation. Our study also showed significant neuroprotection by oxidized Ole and oxidized Mix against H2O2 toxicity on SK-N-SH cells, after 24 h of treatment with very low concentrations (1 and 5 nM). This suggests the putative relevant role of oxidized Ole products to protect or delay neuronal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Lambert de Malezieu
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, ISCR–UMR 6226, 35043 Rennes, France; (M.L.d.M.); (S.F.); (A.S.)
- INRS-Centre Armand Frappier, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada; (P.C.); (C.R.)
- INAF, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Solenn Ferron
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, ISCR–UMR 6226, 35043 Rennes, France; (M.L.d.M.); (S.F.); (A.S.)
| | - Aurélie Sauvager
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, ISCR–UMR 6226, 35043 Rennes, France; (M.L.d.M.); (S.F.); (A.S.)
| | - Patricia Courtel
- INRS-Centre Armand Frappier, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada; (P.C.); (C.R.)
| | - Charles Ramassamy
- INRS-Centre Armand Frappier, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada; (P.C.); (C.R.)
- INAF, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Sophie Tomasi
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, ISCR–UMR 6226, 35043 Rennes, France; (M.L.d.M.); (S.F.); (A.S.)
| | - Marie-Laurence Abasq
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, ISCR–UMR 6226, 35043 Rennes, France; (M.L.d.M.); (S.F.); (A.S.)
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