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Köse B, Temizkan E, Kara ÖK, Kara K, Şahin S. Investigating the Maintained Motor Skill Achievements in a Visual Praxis Based Occupational Therapy Program: Single Blind Randomized Follow up Study. J Autism Dev Disord 2024:10.1007/s10803-024-06513-0. [PMID: 39196514 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-024-06513-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
To examine the long-term effects of Visual Praxis Based Occupational Therapy Program on the motor skills of children with Specific Learning Disabilities. Ninety-six boys and girls were divided into two groups: Experimental (n = 48) and Control (n = 48). The Experimental group received Visual Praxis Based Occupational Therapy Program in two weekly sessions for 8 weeks. All participants were assessed with the Bruininks-Oseretsky Motor Proficiency Test-2 Brief Form at three-time points; pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. The experimental group showed superior results, Bruininks-Oseretsky Motor Proficiency Test-2 Brief Form's Fine Motor Precision, Fine Motor Integration, Bilateral Coordination, Balance, Speed and Dexterity, Upper Extremity Coordination and Total Score significantly increased after the intervention (p ≤ 0 0.05) and the scores were maintained at the follow-up (p > 0.05). The Visual Praxis Based Occupational Therapy Program intervention provided a retained positive effect in the development of motor skills in children with Specific Learning Disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barkın Köse
- Faculty of Gülhane Health Sciences, Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Ege Temizkan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Occupational Therapy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Özgün Kaya Kara
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Koray Kara
- Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Sedef Şahin
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Occupational Therapy Department, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Qin Z, Guo Z, Wang J. Multiple Equine Therapies for the Treatment of Gross Motor Function in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review. J Community Health Nurs 2024; 41:82-95. [PMID: 38229243 DOI: 10.1080/07370016.2024.2304825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the impact of three equine therapy approaches on gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy. METHODS The studies were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, and the Cochrane Library, in accordance with the style commonly found in scientific journal publications:(1) peer-reviewed articles written in English; (2) experimental or quasi-experimental; (3) three Equine Therapy Interventions as experiment's independent variable; (4) children with cerebral palsy; and (5) measurement of outcomes related to Gross Motor Function. RESULTS The study examined 596 patients with cerebral palsy, whose average age was 8.03 years. The three types of horse therapy interventions had a significant impact on gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy (SMD = 0.19, 95% CI 0.02-0.36, p = 0.031). Additionally, the interventions positively affected dimensions C (SMD = 0.31, 95% CI 0.00-0.62, p = 0.05), D (SMD = 0.30, 95% CI 0.06-0.56, p = 0.017), and B (SMD = 0.72, 95% CI 0.10-1.34, p = 0.023). The Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) consists of 88 or 66 items, which are divided into five functional dimensions: GMFM-A (lying down and rolling), GMFM-B (sitting), GMFM-C (crawling and kneeling), GMFM-D (standing), and GMFM-E (walking, running, and jumping). Each subsection of the GMFM can be used separately to evaluate motor changes in a specific dimension of interest. Subgroup analysis revealed that different horse-assisted therapy approaches, types of cerebral palsy, exercise duration, frequency, and intervention periods are important factors influencing treatment outcomes. CONCLUSION The intervention period ranged from 8 to 12 weeks, with session durations of 30 to 45 minutes, 2 to 3 times per week. Equine-assisted therapy (EAT) demonstrated significant improvements in the overall gross motor function score, Dimension B, Dimension C, and Dimension D among children with cerebral palsy. The most effective treatment is provided by Equine-Assisted Therapy, followed by Horseback Riding Simulator (HRS). Due to its economic practicality, HRS plays an irreplaceable role. CLINICAL EVIDENCE Equine-Assisted Therapy (EAT) demonstrates the most effective treatment outcomes, suggesting that hospitals and healthcare professionals can form specialized teams to provide rehabilitation guidance. 2. Within equine-assisted therapy, Horseback Riding Simulator (HRS) exhibits treatment efficacy second only to Equine-Assisted Therapy (EAT), making it a cost-effective and practical option worthy of promotion and utilization among healthcare institutions and professionals. 3. In equine-assisted therapy, Therapeutic Horseback Riding (THR) holds certain value in rehabilitation due to its engaging and practical nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikai Qin
- Institute of physical education and training, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Zizhao Guo
- Institute of physical education and training, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Junsheng Wang
- Institute of physical education and training, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
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Kovács KE, Balogh ÉZ, Lovas B, Boris P, Nagy BE. The role of animal-assisted programs in physical health improvement of children and adolescents with special education needs - a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:824. [PMID: 38491498 PMCID: PMC10943833 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18326-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Programs involving animals in therapeutic programs are becoming increasingly prevalent. These programs can vary greatly in their approach, scope, and objectives, and they can significantly impact the development of healthy children and those with various disorders. In this systematic review, we sought to investigate the psychological ramifications of animal-assisted activities (AAA), therapies (AAT), and interventions (AAI). We searched for relevant studies using the EBSCO Discovery Service search engine across 85 databases, utilising appropriate keywords. Our search generated 262 results, of which 21 were selected for inclusion after title and abstract screening, as well as full-text analysis. Our findings indicate that dogs and horses are animal-assisted programs' most commonly used animals. Additionally, autism, cerebral palsy, and ADHD were found to be overrepresented in these programs. Furthermore, the length of sessions and overall program duration exhibited considerable variation, regardless of patient age or disease type. The principal measures centred on the physiological variables related to the nervous system and motorium-related indicators. The studies were generally of exceptional methodological soundness. Frequently, the studies narrowed their scope to a single segment or just the child or adolescent, but the outcomes lacked contextual interpretation. Expanding the range of studies by comparing psychological and physiological indicators and conducting follow-up analysis with a longitudinal design would be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Éva Zita Balogh
- Doctoral School of Human Sciences, Doctoral Program on Psychology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Buda Lovas
- Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Boris
- Laki Kálmán Doctoral School, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Beáta Erika Nagy
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rehabilitation, Pediatric Psychology and Psychosomatic Unit, head of the Unit, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Abdel-Aziem AA, El-Basatiny HMY, Draz AH, Aglan DAAA. Back geometry and mobility function changes in cerebral palsy children after backward walking training: arandomized controlled trial. Dev Neurorehabil 2024; 27:8-16. [PMID: 38597393 DOI: 10.1080/17518423.2024.2340461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
AIM To compare the effects of backward (BW) and forward (FW) walking training on back geometry and mobility function in children with hemiparetic cerebral palsy (CP). METHODS Fifty-five children with hemiparetic CP participated in this study. They were randomly assigned into two groups. For 12 weeks, both groups got a conventional physical therapy program three days/week. Groups A and B got a specifically developed FW walking training (25 minutes/session) and a specially designed BW walking training (25 minutes/session), respectively. RESULTS The trunk imbalance, lateral deviation, pelvic tilting, pelvic torsion, surface motion, and dynamic gait index of group B improved significantly more than group A (p < .05). Both groups showed significant improvements in all measured variables (p < .05). CONCLUSION BW walking training might be considered as an effective therapy modality for improving back geometry and mobility function in hemiparetic CP children compared with FW walking training combined with a typical program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Almaz Abdel-Aziem
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba Mohamed Youssr El-Basatiny
- Department of Physical Therapy for Pediatrics, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amira Husien Draz
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of physical therapy, Cairo university, Giza, Egypt
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Li J, Sánchez-García R. Equine-assisted interventions for veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder: a systematic review. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1277338. [PMID: 38025432 PMCID: PMC10654975 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1277338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Equine-assisted intervention therapy has a nearly 60-year history and has been shown to have a significant positive impact on various types of psychotherapy patients. Due to an increase in research on EAT, the number of existing methods of equine-assisted intervention therapy has gradually increased. Based on existing literature on the application of equine-assisted intervention therapy on veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), this study examines the characteristics of several types of equine interventions and includes a systematic review of peer-reviewed literature on equine-assisted interventions for veterans with PTSD published over the past 5 years, from 2018 to the present. Ten articles met the review criteria and served as the primary data for analysis. Several types of equine-assisted interventions were shown to have a beneficial psychological impact on veterans. However, some limitations were also found in the studies, such as that the majority of experiments were constrained by small sample sizes. Equine-assisted intervention therapy has been shown to be effective, but further research is merited, in order to focus on the specific details and theories involved in equine-assisted interventions, and on the welfare of the horses involved in the therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Li
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Gonzalez NA, Sanivarapu RR, Osman U, Latha Kumar A, Sadagopan A, Mahmoud A, Begg M, Tarhuni M, N Fotso M, Khan S. Physical Therapy Interventions in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e43846. [PMID: 37736433 PMCID: PMC10510427 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral palsy is a group of disorders affecting individuals already from birth. It enormously impacts an individual's physical and emotional life and can bring many challenges to the individual, caregivers, and families. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate interventions that could improve various symptoms in children with cerebral palsy. Our systematic review intends to assess the effect of different exercise and physical therapy interventions in children with cerebral palsy. We used three databases for our article search: PubMed, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), and PubMed Central (PMC). The combined number of papers found in all databases was 65,412. We then applied our inclusion and exclusion criteria, filters, key terms, and Medical Subheadings (MeSH). After applying our quality assessment tools, we included nine papers in our systematic review. The studies included in our review used various interventions to assess for improvement in symptoms in individuals with cerebral palsy. Interventions included stretching and resistance exercises, horse riding, biking, core stability exercises, slackline training, a home exercise program using an online tool, sit-to-stand exercise program, and functional training. Many studies have shown that interventions improved symptoms like balance, coordination, gait, and cardiovascular endurance in cerebral palsy. This review suggests that some of the included interventions have great potential to improve the symptoms of cerebral palsy and, therefore, can be a great addition to existing training and rehabilitation programs. Given that studies included a relatively small number of participants and were conducted over a short time, more research with a more significant number of participants over a longer time is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A Gonzalez
- Pediatrics, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Raghavendra R Sanivarapu
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, USA
| | - Usama Osman
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
- Geriatrics, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, USA
| | - Abishek Latha Kumar
- Internal medicine, pediatrics, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Aishwarya Sadagopan
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Anas Mahmoud
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Maha Begg
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Mawada Tarhuni
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Monique N Fotso
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Safeera Khan
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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Hyun C, Kim K, Lee S, Ko N, Lee IS, Koh SE. The Short-term Effects of Hippotherapy and Therapeutic Horseback Riding on Spasticity in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Meta-analysis. Pediatr Phys Ther 2022; 34:172-178. [PMID: 35184078 PMCID: PMC8959353 DOI: 10.1097/pep.0000000000000880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We systematically reviewed the short-term effects of hippotherapy and therapeutic horseback riding (THR) on lower-limb muscle spasticity in children with cerebral palsy (CP). METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases were searched for relevant quantitative studies. Treatment effects were coded using the Ashworth scale (AS) or modified Ashworth scale (MAS) in pre- and posttreatment evaluations. Of the 73 studies identified initially, 7 met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS Treatment was associated with positive effects on lower-limb muscle spasticity, as supported by the AS or MAS scores. However, repeated trials did not show a statistically significant difference from a single trial (Q = 2.95, P = .086). CONCLUSION Hippotherapy and THR can be used to treat lower-limb muscle spasticity in children with CP. However, repeated sessions did not show a better effect in reducing spasticity. WHAT THIS ADDS TO THE EVIDENCE This is the first meta-analysis to confirm that hippotherapy or THR can reduce lower-limb muscle spasticity in children with CP in the short term, but long-term effects on function still require further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheolhwan Hyun
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, and Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyungmin Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, and Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soolim Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, and Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nayeon Ko
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, and Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Sik Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, and Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Eun Koh
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, and Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Mutoh T, Mutoh T, Tsubone H, Takada M, Doumura M, Ihara M, Shimomura H, Taki Y, Ihara M. Impact of Long-Term Hippotherapy on the Walking Ability of Children With Cerebral Palsy and Quality of Life of Their Caregivers. Front Neurol 2019; 10:834. [PMID: 31456733 PMCID: PMC6701452 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a permanent motor disorder that occurs at birth or during early infancy. Despite advances in fetal and maternal medicine, the incidence of CP remains high. Hippotherapy has gradually been recognized as an excellent rehabilitation tool for children with CP. However, a scientific basis for how it achieves long-term functional improvements or provides additional benefits to patients' caregivers remains unknown. Objectives: We performed a prospective trial to determine how hippotherapy affects the gross motor and gait functions in children with CP and how it may also impact the quality of life (QOL) of patients' caregivers. Methods: In total, 24 children with CP (11 boys, 13 girls; age: 4-14 years; Gross Motor Function Classification System [GMFCS] II-III) underwent a program (30 min/day, once a week) of hippotherapy or day-care recreation (control) over a 1-year intervention and a 3-month follow-up period. Assessment measures used for the children were gait parameters for a 5-m walk test, Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM)-66, and GMFM dimension-E (GMFM-E). The QOL of the caregivers was estimated using a brief version of the World Health Organization Quality Of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) self-assessment questionnaire. Results: In addition to better GMFM-66 and GMFM-E scores, hippotherapy was associated with increased cadence, step length, and mean acceleration; stabilized horizontal/vertical displacement of patients; and better relationship between the psychological status and QOL of the caregivers than those seen in the control group (p < 0.05). Additionally, the initially improved children's step length and their caregivers' psychological QOL domain (particularly in the "positive feeling" facet) tended to be preserved up to the 3-month follow-up. Conclusion: These data suggest that compared with common day-care recreational activities, a 1-year program of once-weekly hippotherapy can improve not only the walking ability of children with CP but also the psychological health and QOL of their caregivers. Clinical Trial Registration:: www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/, identifier: UMIN000022986.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Mutoh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Division of Clinical Psychology, Graduate School of Human Sciences, Kobe Shoin Women's University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Mutoh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tsubone
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Misato Doumura
- Holistic Betterment and Wellness Through Riding PIROUETTE, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Masayo Ihara
- Holistic Betterment and Wellness Through Riding PIROUETTE, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Hideo Shimomura
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Taki
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ihara
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya, Japan
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