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Uveal Melanoma Cell Line Proliferation Is Inhibited by Ricolinostat, a Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030782. [PMID: 35159049 PMCID: PMC8833954 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic uveal melanoma (MUM) is characterized by poor patient survival. Unfortunately, current treatment options demonstrate limited benefits. In this study, we evaluate the efficacy of ACY-1215, a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), to attenuate growth of primary ocular UM cell lines and, in particular, a liver MUM cell line in vitro and in vivo, and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. A significant (p = 0.0001) dose-dependent reduction in surviving clones of the primary ocular UM cells, Mel270, was observed upon treatment with increasing doses of ACY-1215. Treatment of OMM2.5 MUM cells with ACY-1215 resulted in a significant (p = 0.0001), dose-dependent reduction in cell survival and proliferation in vitro, and in vivo attenuation of primary OMM2.5 xenografts in zebrafish larvae. Furthermore, flow cytometry revealed that ACY-1215 significantly arrested the OMM2.5 cell cycle in S phase (p = 0.0001) following 24 h of treatment, and significant apoptosis was triggered in a time- and dose-dependent manner (p < 0.0001). Additionally, ACY-1215 treatment resulted in a significant reduction in OMM2.5 p-ERK expression levels. Through proteome profiling, the attenuation of the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) signaling pathway was linked to the observed anti-cancer effects of ACY-1215. In agreement, pharmacological inhibition of MITF signaling with ML329 significantly reduced OMM2.5 cell survival and viability in vitro (p = 0.0001) and reduced OMM2.5 cells in vivo (p = 0.0006). Our findings provide evidence that ACY-1215 and ML329 are efficacious against growth and survival of OMM2.5 MUM cells.
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Abdel Karim N, Gaber O, Aljohani HM, Eldessouki I, Bahassi EM, Morris J. Exosomes as a Surrogate Marker for Autophagy in Peripheral Blood, Correlative Data from Phase I Study of Chloroquine in Combination with Carboplatin/Gemcitabine in Advanced Solid Tumors. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:3789-3796. [PMID: 31870123 PMCID: PMC7173380 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.12.3789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy is a catabolic process, utilized constitutionally by body cells to recycle nutrients and to remove unwanted/damaged intracellular constituents. It is enhanced during periods of stress, such as starvation and hypoxia, aiding in cell survival and it is linked to major cellular processes, such as apoptosis and antigen expression. The process has been extensively studied in vitro models or tumor tissue samples with rare application on human subjects. METHODS Plasma samples from 24 advanced solid tumor patients were collected at different time points before and after chemotherapy. Their exosomes were isolate and blotted for microtubule-associated protein-1 light chain-3 (LC-3B) protein as a marker for autophagy. All the subjects received a standard chemotherapy regimen of carboplatin- gemcitabine with chloroquine (CQ)/ hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in chronic doses throughout their treatment period as an autophagy modulator. CQ/HCQ was given in 50 mg increments as guided by their tolerability to treatment. RESULTS A total of 267 plasma samples were obtained for the 24 patients and processed. Each sample corresponds to a single time point. The first group included 6 patients, all received 50 mg of CQ with chemotherapy. LC-3B I was detected in their isolated exosomes, while LC3-BII was not detected in their samples. The second cohort of patients included 3 subjects who re-ceived 100mg of HCQ. They demonstrated both LC3-BI and II on day 15 after chemotherapy in one patient, and on third cycle after 24 hours in the second patient. The third cohort included 3 subjects who received 150 mg of HCQ. All cases demonstrated LC3-BI and II on first cycle of treatment after less than 24 hours. The last cohort included 8 subjects, who received a fixed dose of 100 mg of HCQ with treatment. In this cohort, we were able to detect both LC3-B isoforms on advanced time points of second and third cycles. CONCLUSION Detection of autophagy protein LC3-B in exosomes serves as a dynamic method to monitor autophagy. It can be utilized to study the effects of anti-neoplastic agents on autophagy and mechanisms of drug resistance, however, to standardize our results a larger specimen of patients should be included.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ola Gaber
- Department of Hematology -Oncology, University of Cincinnati, U S A
| | | | - Ihab Eldessouki
- Department of Hematology -Oncology, University of Cincinnati, U S A
| | | | - John Morris
- Department of Hematology -Oncology, University of Cincinnati, U S A
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Chen F, Alphonse MP, Liu Y, Liu Q. Targeting Mutant KRAS for Anticancer Therapy. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:2098-2113. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190902151307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
:Over the past decades, designing therapeutic strategies to target KRAS-mutant cancers, which is one of the most frequent mutant oncogenes among all cancer types, have proven unsuccessful regardless of many concerted attempts. There are key challenges for KRAS-mutant anticancer therapy, as the complex cellular processes involved in KRAS signaling has present. Herein, we highlight the emerging therapeutic approaches for inhibiting KRAS signaling and blocking KRAS functions, in hope to serve as a more effective guideline for future development of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqian Chen
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health (TIEHH), Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79416, United States
| | - Martin P. Alphonse
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Cancer Research Building II, Suite 216, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21231, United States
| | - Yan Liu
- Western University of Health Sciences, 309 E. Second Street, Pomona, CA 91766, United States
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Cancer Research Building II, Suite 216, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21231, United States
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Abdel Karim NF, Hassan R, Siddiqi NI, Eldessouki I, Gaber O, Rahouma M, Kamel M, Yellu M, Gulati S, Xie C, Magdy M, Pruemer J. Impact of tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and other antidepressants on overall survival of patients with advanced lung cancer from 2004 to 2014: University of Cincinnati experience. J Int Med Res 2019; 47:6016-6026. [PMID: 31640444 PMCID: PMC7045662 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519862469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate and categorize the survival benefit of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) in lung cancer patients based on systematic computational drug repositioning data. Methods Data were retrospectively extracted from the medical records of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients from the University of Cincinnati Cancer Medical Center database. Patients receiving antidepressants during their course of anti-cancer treatment were compared with those without antidepressants. Data were analyzed using Kaplan–Meier survival curves with the log-rank test, and overall survival (OS) was calculated from the date of diagnosis until last follow-up or death. Results The median OS at 2 and 5 years for patients on antidepressants was 20.3 months (54.7% and 42%) vs 44.3 months (47.6% and 43.2%), which was not significant. The median OS for patients receiving TCAs, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and other antidepressants was 3.17 months, 31.33 months, and 18.50 months, respectively. Conclusion We found no significant survival benefit for TCA use in combination with anti-cancer agents in NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rammey Hassan
- Department of Oncology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, USA
| | | | - Ihab Eldessouki
- Department of Oncology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, USA
| | - Ola Gaber
- Department of Oncology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, USA
| | - Mohamed Rahouma
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Kamel
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mhender Yellu
- Department of Oncology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, USA
| | - Shuchi Gulati
- Department of Oncology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, USA
| | - Changchun Xie
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, USA
| | | | - Jane Pruemer
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, USA
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Hou C, Xiao L, Ren X, Tang F, Guo B, Zeng W, Liang C, Yan N. Mutations of GNAQ, GNA11, SF3B1, EIF1AX, PLCB4 and CYSLTR in Uveal Melanoma in Chinese Patients. Ophthalmic Res 2019; 63:358-368. [DOI: 10.1159/000502888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Eldessouki I, Gaber O, Shehata MA, Namad T, Atallah J, Masineni H, Abdel Karim N. Papillary renal cell carcinoma: what is missing in research? A case report and a review of literature. SAGE Open Med Case Rep 2019; 7:2050313X19869475. [PMID: 31489193 PMCID: PMC6713961 DOI: 10.1177/2050313x19869475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of renal cell carcinomas in adults ranges has been increasing over the past decades in both men and women. Once the incidence was 2.9%, now is reported to have increased to 3%–5% with male predominance according to the most recent reports of cancer statistics. The disease typically describes a group of different histopathological subtypes; the most common is clear cell carcinoma which accounts for 70%–80% of the diagnosed cases, while papillary renal cell carcinoma and chromophobe types represent 20% and 5%, respectively. In 1996, the renal cell carcinomas Heidelberg classification was introduced by Delahunt et al. It divides renal cell tumors into benign and malignant parenchymal neoplasms, excluding Wilm’s tumor and secondary metastases and limiting each subcategory to the most commonly documented genetic abnormalities, if applicable. In this report, we discuss a case of metastatic type I papillary renal cell carcinoma treated with the anti-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor sunitinib and showing marked long-term clinical response. Through this case, we highlight the importance of re-classifying papillary renal cell carcinoma subtypes to prioritize the clinical management of these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihab Eldessouki
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ola Gaber
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Mahmoud A Shehata
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Tariq Namad
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Joseph Atallah
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. John Hospital & Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Harsha Masineni
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Nagla Abdel Karim
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Gaber O, Eldessouki I, Hassan R, Magdy M, Morris JC, Abdel Karim N. Retrospective Study of the Effect of Statins on the Outcome of Lung Cancer Patients, University of Cincinnati Experience. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:2391-2396. [PMID: 31450911 PMCID: PMC6852798 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.8.2391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Numerous studies addressed the effect of statin on cancer patients. The aim of this study is to define the effect of statin administration with chemotherapy on the patients’ outcomes. Methods: We retrospectively researched the database of the University of Cincinnati cancer to identify lung cancer patients who received statins (S+, n=41) during their treatment in our institute. We also, retrieved data for contemporaneously treated patients who did not receive statins (S-, n=159) as a control arm. Clinico-demographical data and overall survival (OS) were analyzed using Pearson’s Chi-square (χ2) test and Kaplan-Meier survival curves with Log-rank test. Adjustment using Cox proportional hazard ratios (HR) were done based on (age, gender, race and stage) to identify effect of statins on their outcomes. Results: The median age for S+ was 64y (IQR; 55-69) and 71.2% of the patients were white. Histopathology was 55.4% and 31.7% for adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, respectively. Fifty-six percent were stage IV in each study arm and the median OS was14.9 m. Median OS was insignificantly lower in S–ve arm (13.7 vs 15.6 months; P=0.652, HR=0.91, 95%CI 0.52-1.57). Our results show that after different types of adjustments, S+ did not show survival advantage (P>0.05) compared to the control arm. Conclusion: While showing an increase in overall survival in patients with advanced lung cancer, the results of this study did not reach statistical significance. This could be due for the small sample size of this retrospective study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Gaber
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Division of Internal Medicine, Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati, 3125 Eden Ave, Cincinnati OH 45267, United States.
| | - Ihab Eldessouki
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Division of Internal Medicine, Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati, 3125 Eden Ave, Cincinnati OH 45267, United States.
| | - Rammey Hassan
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Division of Internal Medicine, Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati, 3125 Eden Ave, Cincinnati OH 45267, United States.
| | | | - John C Morris
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Division of Internal Medicine, Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati, 3125 Eden Ave, Cincinnati OH 45267, United States.
| | - Nagla Abdel Karim
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Division of Internal Medicine, Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati, 3125 Eden Ave, Cincinnati OH 45267, United States.
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