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Boukaew S, Petlamul W, Srinuanpan S, Nooprom K, Zhang Z. Heat stability of Trichoderma asperelloides SKRU-01 culture filtrates: Potential applications for controlling fungal spoilage and AFB 1 production in peanuts. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 409:110477. [PMID: 37976618 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the heat stability of culture filtrates of Trichoderma asperelloides SKRU-01 (culture filtrates SKRU-01) over a temperatures range (40-121 °C) and the effects on the antifungal activity against two aflatoxin-producing strains (Aspergillus parasiticus TISTR 3276 and A. flavus PSRDC-4), aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) degradation, and the role in mycotoxin control in peanuts. The impact of SKRU-01 culture age (2-12 day-old) on both pathogenic strains revealed that the culture age of 6-12 day-old cultures exhibited no significant difference (p > 0.05) of growth inhibition for strain TISTR 3276 (81.89-82.28 %) and 4-12 day-old cultures for strain PSRDC-4 (74.87-79.06 %). The heat-treated temperatures from 40 °C to 121 °C caused no significant (p > 0.05) reduction of mycelial growth for strain TISTR 3276 (82.61 % to 79.13 %) but significant (p < 0.05) deduction for strain PSRDC-4 (75.15 % to 59.17 %). Heat treatment of the culture filtrates SKRU-01 at 60-121 °C caused the reduction on spore germination inhibition (from about 68 % to 58.16 % for strain TISTR 3276 and 51.11 % for strain PSRDC-4). These results indicate that strain TISTR 3276 exhibited greater susceptibility to culture filtrates SKRU-01 compared to strain PSRDC-4. Furthermore, the culture filtrates SKRU-01 exhibited remarkable thermal stability at 121 °C, degrading AFB1 to 63.91 %. Application of heat-stable culture filtrates SKRU-01 in peanuts demonstrated that the reduction in fungal population and AFB1 production of both pathogenic strains depended significantly (p < 0.05) on the level of heat treatment. The non-treated and 40 °C treated culture filtrates SKRU-01 could reduce AFB1 production to lower than the Standard Aflatoxin Limitation (<20 μg/kg), ensuring food safety and mitigating the health risks associated with aflatoxin exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawai Boukaew
- Center of Excellence BCG for Sustainable Development, College of Innovation and Management, Songkhla Rajabhat University, Songkhla, 90000, Thailand.
| | - Wanida Petlamul
- Center of Excellence BCG for Sustainable Development, College of Innovation and Management, Songkhla Rajabhat University, Songkhla, 90000, Thailand
| | - Sirasit Srinuanpan
- Center of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Karistsapol Nooprom
- Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Songkhla Rajabhat University, Songkhla 90000, Thailand
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, People's Republic of China
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Shao ZH, Zhai A, Hua Y, Mo HL, Xie F, Zhao X, Zhao G, Zang SQ. Development of Au 8 nanocluster-based fluorescent strip immunosensor for sensitive detection of aflatoxin B 1. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1274:341576. [PMID: 37455086 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Gold clusters with intriguing chemical/physical properties have great promise in applications such as sensing and bio-imaging due to their fascinating photoluminescence character. In this study, an immunofluorescence sensor based on levonorgestrel protected atomically precise Au8 nanocluster (Au8NC) for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) detection was fabricated due to its strong carcinogenic and mutagenic effect on humans. The prepared polymer-Au8NC nanospheres displayed bright luminescence and good stability in aqueous solution. The obtained AFB1 fluorescent strip immunosensor achieved quantitative point-of-care detection of AFB1 in less than 15 min, with high selectivity and detection limits down to 0.27 ng/mL. In addition, the recovery rates of AFB1 from tea soup ranged from 96% to 105% with relative standard deviations less than 10%. This work not only realized high-sensitively fluorescent sensing for AFB1, but also expanded the bio-applications of atomic-precise metal clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Hui Shao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostic Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Aoqiang Zhai
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yue Hua
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostic Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Hui-Lin Mo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostic Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Fuwei Xie
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, No.2 of Fengyang street, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xueli Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostic Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Ge Zhao
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, No.2 of Fengyang street, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Shuang-Quan Zang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostic Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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Rahi S, Lanjekar V, Ghormade V. Rationally designed peptide conjugated to gold nanoparticles for detection of aflatoxin B1 in point-of-care dot-blot assay. Food Chem 2023; 413:135651. [PMID: 36787667 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a hepatotoxic and carcinogenic food contaminant. Although on-site paper-based detection is sensitive it depends on expensive antibodies which are difficult to raise against mycotoxins. Here, we rationally designed a high binding octapeptide, N-KSGKSKPR-C peptide for AFB1 detection, by molecular docking, as confirmed by indirect ELISA (Kd 323 nM). Further, conjugation of octapeptide with gold nanoparticles (26 nm) permitted its use as a visual detection agent in rapid, sensitive dot-blot assay (LOD 0.39 μg/kg). The assay displayed negligible cross-reactivity with co-contaminating mycotoxins. AFB1 recovery from spiked wheat sample was comparable by dot-blot (78-91 %) and HPLC (65-87 %). Evaluation of dot-blot using certified reference material and 146 food and feed samples showed high correlation R2 = 0.87 with HPLC. The assay displayed high accuracy (91 %), sensitivity (71 %) and specificity (96.5 %). Therefore, the developed dot-blot assay holds promise for monitoring AFB1 contamination in food and feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shraddha Rahi
- Nanobioscience Group, Agharkar Research Institute, GG Agarkar Road, Pune 411004, India
| | - Vikram Lanjekar
- Bioenergy Group, Agharkar Research Institute, GG Agarkar Road, Pune 411004, India
| | - Vandana Ghormade
- Nanobioscience Group, Agharkar Research Institute, GG Agarkar Road, Pune 411004, India.
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Current Developments of Analytical Methodologies for Aflatoxins' Determination in Food during the Last Decade (2013-2022), with a Particular Focus on Nuts and Nut Products. Foods 2023; 12:foods12030527. [PMID: 36766055 PMCID: PMC9914313 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to provide a clear overview of the most important analytical development in aflatoxins analysis during the last decade (2013-2022) with a particular focus on nuts and nuts-related products. Aflatoxins (AFs), a group of mycotoxins produced mainly by certain strains of the genus Aspergillus fungi, are known to impose a serious threat to human health. Indeed, AFs are considered carcinogenic to humans, group 1, by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Since these toxins can be found in different food commodities, food control organizations worldwide impose maximum levels of AFs for commodities affected by this threat. Thus, they represent a cumbersome issue in terms of quality control, analytical result reliability, and economical losses. It is, therefore, mandatory for food industries to perform analysis on potentially contaminated commodities before the trade. A full perspective of the whole analytical workflow, considering each crucial step during AFs investigation, namely sampling, sample preparation, separation, and detection, will be presented to the reader, focusing on the main challenges related to the topic. A discussion will be primarily held regarding sample preparation methodologies such as partitioning, solid phase extraction (SPE), and immunoaffinity (IA) related methods. This will be followed by an overview of the leading analytical techniques for the detection of aflatoxins, in particular liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to a fluorescence detector (FLD) and/or mass spectrometry (MS). Moreover, the focus on the analytical procedure will not be specific only to traditional methodologies, such as LC, but also to new direct approaches based on imaging and the ability to detect AFs, reducing the need for sample preparation and separative techniques.
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Zhang J, Gao L, Chai B, Zhao J, Yang Z, Yang K. Electrochemical aptasensor for aflatoxin B1 detection using cerium dioxide nanoparticle supported on iron-porphyrinic metal–organic framework as signal probes. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Salisu B, Anua SM, Wan Rosli WI, Mazlan N, Haron R. Ultra-fast RP-HPLC-FD-DAD for quantification of total aflatoxins in maize, rice, wheat, peanut and poultry feed without sample clean up, and population exposure risk assessment in Katsina, Nigeria: an optimization study. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2022; 57:541-553. [PMID: 35531950 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2022.2073151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the development and validation of a simple, yet efficient method called the ultra-fast reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence and photodiode array detector (UF-RP-HPLC-FD-DAD) to extract and quantify the total aflatoxin from grains and poultry feed. The proposed method is used to determine the total aflatoxin content in 150 samples of maize, rice, wheat, peanut and poultry feed obtained from open markets in a state in Nigeria. The extent of consumer exposure to aflatoxins and the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are evaluated. The UF-RP-HPLC-FD-DAD method was found to be satisfactorily accurate, sensitive and reliable as ascertained by its excellent validation outcomes (R2 > 0.999, LoD < 0.08 ng g-1, LoQ < 0.2 ng g-1, recovery = 90-102%). The aflatoxin levels in food grains and poultry feed samples obtained in this study implied a moderate dietary exposure of between 10.67 and 20.77 ng/kg BW/day, in which the risk of developing HCC was estimated to be between 6.27 and 21.40% per 100,000 adults/year. Hence, greater monitoring of marketed food and feed is required, besides the deployment of strict controls and preventive techniques to minimize the population's exposure to a high dietary level of aflatoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baha'uddeen Salisu
- School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Department of Microbiology, Umaru Musa Yar'adua University, Katsina, Nigeria
| | - Siti Marwanis Anua
- School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Wan Ishak Wan Rosli
- School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nurzafirah Mazlan
- Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Rosliza Haron
- School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Shen MH, Singh RK. Determining aflatoxins in raw peanuts using immunoaffinity column as sample clean-up method followed by normal-phase HPLC-FLD analysis. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Charernchai S, Chikae M, Phan TT, Wonsawat W, Hirose D, Takamura Y. Automated Paper-Based Femtogram Sensing Device for Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay of Aflatoxin B 1 Using Submicroliter Samples. Anal Chem 2022; 94:5099-5105. [PMID: 35302345 PMCID: PMC8969870 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) are promising biosensors that may be used in a variety of bioanalytical applications. A μPAD for automating the competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of small-sized target detection at the femtogram level using submicroliter samples is reported in this study. The proposed μPAD was integrated with a sucrose valve to automate the sequential delivery of reagents, providing simple control of reagent delivery time and simple operation. The use of a sample solution dropping location at the zones on the device that had been prepared with an antibody-conjugated enzyme before immersion in a running buffer allowed minimization of sample volume to 0.6 μL, while eliminating the possible loss of a target molecule by adsorption on the membrane, thus improving detection sensitivity. Furthermore, the proposed device was successfully applied to the automation of competitive ELISA for the detection of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a potent carcinogen that causes substantial health risks to humans worldwide, with a detection limit of 60 femtograms or 0.1 ng/mL. The method developed in this study provides high sensitivity, small sample volume, on-site and equipment-free measurements, low-cost operation, and user-friendliness. This approach could be used to analyze small-sized molecules in the fields of food safety and quality control, environmental monitoring, and clinical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumamal Charernchai
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1211, Japan
| | - Miyuki Chikae
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1211, Japan
| | - Tue Trong Phan
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1211, Japan
| | - Wanida Wonsawat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
| | - Daisuke Hirose
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1211, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Takamura
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1211, Japan
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Salisu B, Anua SM, Ishak WRW, Mazlan N. Development and validation of quantitative thin layer chromatographic technique for determination of total aflatoxins in poultry feed and food grains without sample clean-up. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2021; 8:656-670. [PMID: 35106307 PMCID: PMC8757678 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2021.h558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this work is to develop and validate an appropriate solvent solution and quantitative thin layer chromatography (TLC) method for determining the aflatoxins content of chicken feeds and dietary grains. MATERIALS AND METHODS To obtain the optimal mobile phase, samples were extracted with methanol/water (3:1) + 5% sodium chloride and partitioned using several solvent systems using preparative TLC. Camag TLC scanner 3 was used to scan the TLC plates at 366 nm and quantify them using JustTLC software. The method was tested for linearity, specificity, accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and robustness in accordance with ICH recommendations, and then utilized to screen 132 Nigerian poultry/food samples for total aflatoxins (TAFs). RESULTS The best separation of aflatoxins was achieved using acetonitrile and dichloromethane (3:17) mobile phase over an average run time of 45 min, resulting in linear calibration curves (R2 > 0.99) in the concentration range limit of quantitation (LoQ) to 50 ng/spot with a limit of detection of <2.0 ng/g and a LoQ of <4.0 ng/gm for all aflatoxins in all spiked samples. When the proposed TLC method was compared to an optimized high-performance liquid chromatography method, an excellent linear regression was obtained (R2 > 95%). Seventy seven (58.33%) of the 132 samples examined were positive for aflatoxins, with mean values ranging from 3.57 ± 2.55 to 37.31 ± 34.06 ng/gm for aflatoxin B1 and 6.67 ± 0.00 to 38.02 ± 31.52 ng/gm for TAFs, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate the feasibility of using the suggested TLC method in conjunction with a novel solvent solution (free of carcinogenic chloroform) for the rapid and accurate measurement of TAFs in foods/feeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahauddeen Salisu
- Department of Microbiology, Umaru Musa Yaradua University Katsina, Katsina, Nigeria
- School of Health Sciences, Health Campus Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Siti Marwanis Anua
- School of Health Sciences, Health Campus Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Wan Rosli Wan Ishak
- School of Health Sciences, Health Campus Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nurzafirah Mazlan
- Department of Diagnostic and Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Management and Science University, Selangor, Malaysia
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Determination of the Novel Insecticide Flupyradifurone and Its Two Metabolites in Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicines Using Modified QuEChERS and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Int J Anal Chem 2021; 2020:8812797. [PMID: 33628252 PMCID: PMC7895605 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8812797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, an analytical method for the simultaneous determination of the novel insecticide flupyradifurone and its two metabolites in a variety of traditional Chinese herbal medicines was developed for the first time using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A simple and efficient method using dispersive solid-phase extraction was employed for the pretreatment of the samples. Several extractions and cleanup strategies were evaluated. The recoveries (n = 15) of flupyradifurone and its metabolites at three spiking levels were in the range 71.3%-101.7%, with corresponding intraday and interday relative standard deviations of 1.1%-14.8%. The limits of quantitation were 0.01 mg/kg for flupyradifurone and 0.1 mg/kg for its two metabolites. Overall, our developed method was sensitive and reliable for the fast screening of flupyradifurone and its two metabolites in traditional Chinese herbal medicine samples.
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Standardization and validation of a high-performance thin-layer chromatography method for the quantification of aflatoxin B1 and its application in surveillance of contamination level in marketed food commodities from the Mumbai region. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00764-020-00073-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Miklós G, Angeli C, Ambrus Á, Nagy A, Kardos V, Zentai A, Kerekes K, Farkas Z, Jóźwiak Á, Bartók T. Detection of Aflatoxins in Different Matrices and Food-Chain Positions. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1916. [PMID: 32983001 PMCID: PMC7480073 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxins, produced mainly by filamentous fungi Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, are one of the most carcinogenic compounds that have adverse health effects on both humans and animals consuming contaminated food and feed, respectively. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and aflatoxin B2 (AFB2) as well as aflatoxin G1(AFG1) and aflatoxin G2 (AFG2) occur in the contaminated foods and feed. In the case of dairy ruminants, after the consumption of feed contaminated with aflatoxins, aflatoxin metabolites [aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) and aflatoxin M2 (AFM2)] may appear in milk. Because of the health risk and the official maximum limits of aflatoxins, there is a need for application of fast and accurate testing methods. At present, there are several analytical methods applied in practice for determination of aflatoxins. The aim of this review is to provide a guide that summarizes worldwide aflatoxin regulations and analytical methods for determination of aflatoxins in different food and feed matrices, that helps in the decision to choose the most appropriate method that meets the practical requirements of fast and sensitive control of their contamination. Analytical options are outlined from the simplest and fastest methods with the smallest instrument requirements, through separation methods, to the latest hyphenated techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Miklós
- Székesfehérvár Regional Food Chain Laboratory, National Food Chain Safety Office, Székesfehérvár, Hungary
| | | | - Árpád Ambrus
- University of Debrecen Doctoral School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Nagy
- Food Chain Safety Laboratory Directorate, National Food Chain Safety Office, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Valéria Kardos
- Food Chain Safety Laboratory Directorate, National Food Chain Safety Office, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Zentai
- System Management and Supervision Directorate, National Food Chain Safety Office, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kata Kerekes
- System Management and Supervision Directorate, National Food Chain Safety Office, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsa Farkas
- Digital Food Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ákos Jóźwiak
- Digital Food Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
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Perestrelo R, Silva P, Porto-Figueira P, Pereira JAM, Silva C, Medina S, Câmara JS. QuEChERS - Fundamentals, relevant improvements, applications and future trends. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1070:1-28. [PMID: 31103162 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) method is a simple and straightforward extraction technique involving an initial partitioning followed by an extract clean-up using dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE). Originally, the QuEChERS approach was developed for recovering pesticide residues from fruits and vegetables, but rapidly gained popularity in the comprehensive isolation of analytes from different matrices. According to PubMed, since its development in 2003 up to November 2018, about 1360 papers have been published reporting QuEChERS as extraction method. Several papers have reported different improvements and modifications to the original QuEChERS protocol to ensure more efficient extractions of pH-dependent analytes and to minimize the degradation of labile analytes. This analytical approach shows several advantages over traditional extraction techniques, requiring low sample and solvent volumes, as well as less time for sample preparation. Furthermore, most of the published studies show that the QuEChERS protocol provides higher recovery rate and a better analytical performance than conventional extraction procedures. This review proposes an updated overview of the most recent developments and applications of QuEChERS beyond its original application to pesticides, mycotoxins, veterinary drugs and pharmaceuticals, forensic analysis, drugs of abuse and environmental contaminants. Their pros and cons will be discussed, considering the factors influencing the extraction efficiency. Whenever possible, the performance of the QuEChERS is compared to other extraction approaches. In addition to the evolution of this technique, changes and improvements to the original method are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Perestrelo
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal.
| | - Pedro Silva
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Priscilla Porto-Figueira
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Jorge A M Pereira
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Catarina Silva
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Sonia Medina
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
| | - José S Câmara
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal; Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Engenharia, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
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