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Katundu DR, Chussi D, van der Gaast-de Jongh CE, Rovers MM, de Jonge MI, Hannink G, van Heerbeek N. Bacterial colonisation of surface and core of palatine tonsils among Tanzanian children with recurrent chronic tonsillitis and obstructive sleep apnoea who underwent (adeno)tonsillectomy. J Laryngol Otol 2024; 138:89-92. [PMID: 37332170 PMCID: PMC10772025 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215123001147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute and chronic tonsillitis are frequently treated with antibiotics. This study aimed to understand the presence of pathogenic micro-organisms on the surface and core of chronically infected tonsils among Tanzanian children. METHODS The study enrolled children undergoing adenotonsillectomy. Surface and core tonsillar swabs were taken. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed for Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Neisseria meningitidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. RESULTS Surface and core combined, isolated N meningitidis (86.1 per cent) was found the most, followed by H influenzae (74.9 per cent), S pneumoniae (42.6 per cent) and S aureus (28.7 per cent). M catarrhalis and P aeruginosa were only found in a few patients, 5.6 per cent and 0.8 per cent respectively. CONCLUSION Colonisation of the tonsillar surface and core has been found. Potentially pathogenic micro-organisms are likely to be missed based on a throat swab. Hence, the practice of surface tonsillar swabbing may be misleading or insufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis R Katundu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Desderius Chussi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
| | - Christa E van der Gaast-de Jongh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Immunology, Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Maroeska M Rovers
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marien I de Jonge
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Immunology, Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Gerjon Hannink
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Niels van Heerbeek
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Darod HH, Melese A, Kibret M, Mulu W. Throat Swab Culture Positivity and Antibiotic Resistance Profiles in Children 2-5 Years of Age Suspected of Bacterial Tonsillitis at Hargeisa Group of Hospitals, Somaliland: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Microbiol 2023; 2023:6474952. [PMID: 37065723 PMCID: PMC10098414 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6474952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tonsillitis is the third most frequently diagnosed infection in the pediatric age and is associated with significant morbidity and loss of school attendance. Throat swab cultures are useful for the confirmation of children with a clinically suspected tonsillitis. However, Somaliland is one of the underdeveloped countries with a low standard of sanitation and poor health seeking culture. Treatment of tonsillitis with antibiotics is irrational and not empirical. This study determined the bacterial throat swab culture positivity and antibiotic resistance profiles of the bacterial isolates among children 2-5 years of age with suspicion of tonsillitis at Hargeisa Group of Hospital, Somaliland. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to July 2020. A total of 374 children from 2 to 5 years of age suspicion of tonsillitis was included using a convenient sampling method. Throat swabs were collected, and bacterial isolation and identification were done using standard bacteriological procedures. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done using the disk diffusion method. Data on demographic variables and clinical profiles were collected using structured questionnaires. Logistic regression analysis was computed to identify factors associated with bacterial tonsillitis. Results Overall, 120 (32.1%) (95% CI 27.4-36.8%) of children were positive for bacterial throat cultures. Of these, 23 (19.2%) were mixed bacterial isolates. The most frequent bacterial isolates were beta-hemolytic streptococci 78 (55%), Staphylococcus aureus 42 (29%), and Streptococcus pneumoniae 10 (7%). Isolates revealed 83.3-100% rate of resistance to ampicillin. Beta-hemolytic streptococci isolates were 94.9% resistant to ampicillin. S. aureus was resistant to clarithromycin (38%) while S. pneumoniae isolates were 100% resistant to ampicillin. History of tonsillitis (AOR = 0.12; 95% CI = 0.06-0.21), difficulty in swallowing (AOR = 6.99; 95% CI = 3.56-13.73), and attending schools (AOR = 2.98; 95% CI = 1.64-5.42) were found to be associated with positive throat culture. Conclusions Resistance to ampicillin and MDR among beta-hemolytic streptococci and other isolates of throat colonizers in children with clinically suspected of bacterial tonsillitis are major concerns in Hargeisa, Somaliland. Therefore, treatments of cases are recommended to be guided by regular culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing to prevent complications of tonsillitis and associated antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamda Hussein Darod
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Addisu Melese
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Mulugeta Kibret
- Department of Biology, Science College, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Wondemagegn Mulu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Zuo L, He L, Huang A, Liu Y, Zhang A, Wang L, Song Y, Geng J. Risk factors and antibiotic sensitivity of aerobic bacteria in Chinese children with adenoid hypertrophy. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:553. [PMID: 36123658 PMCID: PMC9484187 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03613-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial infection of adenoid is currently considered to be an important cause of adenoid hypertrophy (AH) in children. Although several bacteriology studies on adenoid diseases have been reported, the aerobic bacterial study regarding risk factors and antibiotic sensitivity of AH in Chinese children is lacking. This study aims to investigate the risk factors for aerobic bacterial colonization of AH in Chinese children and to elucidate aerobic bacterial profiles and antibiotic sensitivity. METHODS Samples were collected from the adenoid core and surface tissue of 466 children undergoing adenoidectomy. Aerobic cultures and antibiotic sensitivity were observed. The risk factors for bacterial colonization of adenoid were analyzed statistically. RESULTS A total of 143 children could be detected opportunistic pathogens in adenoid surface and/or core tissue, with a carriage rate of 30.7%. The presence of chronic rhinosinusitis, tonsillar hypertrophy and adenoidal size were the risk factors for aerobic bacterial colonization of adenoid in univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis showed that chronic rhinosinusitis and tonsil hypertrophy were significant variables associated with the aerobic bacterial colonization. The most frequently isolated aerobic bacteria were Haemophilus influenzae, followed by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. There was no statistically significant difference in bacterial species between the adenoid surface and core. The above common bacteria were more sensitive to cephalosporins and quinolones antibiotics, and significantly resistant to penicillin antibiotics and non-β-lactamase inhibitors. CONCLUSION Our results provide recent aerobic bacterial profiles for AH among Chinese children and confirm the risk factors and antibiotic sensitivity. This study contributes to understanding the role of different risk factors in the development of AH and will be helpful to the treatment of AH among Chinese children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujie Zuo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Pediatric Clinical Research Centre of Hebei Province, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, No. 133 Jianhua South Street, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Li He
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Pediatric Clinical Research Centre of Hebei Province, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, No. 133 Jianhua South Street, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Aiping Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Pediatric Clinical Research Centre of Hebei Province, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, No. 133 Jianhua South Street, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yingying Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Pediatric Clinical Research Centre of Hebei Province, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, No. 133 Jianhua South Street, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Aiying Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Pediatric Clinical Research Centre of Hebei Province, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, No. 133 Jianhua South Street, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Pediatric Clinical Research Centre of Hebei Province, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, No. 133 Jianhua South Street, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yingluan Song
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Pediatric Clinical Research Centre of Hebei Province, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, No. 133 Jianhua South Street, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China.
| | - Jiangqiao Geng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Pediatric Clinical Research Centre of Hebei Province, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, No. 133 Jianhua South Street, Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China.
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Sokolovs-Karijs O, Brīvība M, Saksis R, Sumeraga G, Girotto F, Erts R, Osīte J, Krūmiņa A. An Overview of Adenoid Microbiome Using 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing-Based Metagenomic Analysis. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58070920. [PMID: 35888639 PMCID: PMC9318310 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58070920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: the upper respiratory tract harbors the highest bacterial density in the whole respiratory system. Adenoids, which are located in the nasopharynx, are a major site of bacterial colonies in the upper airways. Our goal was to use culture-independent molecular techniques to identify the breadth of bacterial diversity in the adenoid vegetations of children suffering from chronic rhinosinusitis and obstructive sleep apnea. Materials and methods: in total, 21 adenoid samples were investigated using amplification and sequencing of the V3-V4 hypervariable region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. Results: among the most common bacterial species found were Veillonella atypica, Fusobactrium nucelatum, Shaalia odontolytica, and Moraxella catarrhalis. Veillonella atypica and Fusbacteriumnucelatum dominated the microbiome in all 21 samples, attributing to more than 60% of all detected genetic material. Conclusions: since both Veillonella atypica and Fusobacterium nucleatum are, predominantly, oral cavity and dental microorganisms, our findings may suggest oral microbiome migration deeper into the oropharynx and nasopharynx where these bacteria colonize adenoid vegetations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oļegs Sokolovs-Karijs
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical Faculty, Rīga Stradiņš University, 16 Dzirciema Str., LV-1007 Rīga, Latvia;
- AIWA Clinic, 241 Maskavas Str., LV-1019 Rīga, Latvia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +371-26-516-362
| | - Monta Brīvība
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Rātsupītes Str. 1, LV-1067 Rīga, Latvia; (M.B.); (R.S.)
| | - Rihards Saksis
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Rātsupītes Str. 1, LV-1067 Rīga, Latvia; (M.B.); (R.S.)
| | - Gunta Sumeraga
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical Faculty, Rīga Stradiņš University, 16 Dzirciema Str., LV-1007 Rīga, Latvia;
| | - Francesca Girotto
- Medical Faculty, Rīga Stradiņš University, Dzirciema Str., LV-1007 Rīga, Latvia;
| | - Renārs Erts
- Faculty of Medicine, Latvian University, Raina Blvd. 19, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Jana Osīte
- Centrālā Laboratorija, Šarlotes Str. 1b, LV-1011 Rīga, Latvia;
| | - Angelika Krūmiņa
- Department of Infectology, Medical Faculty, Rīga Stradiņš University, 16 Dzirciema Str., LV-1007 Rīga, Latvia;
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Tonsillar Microbiota: a Cross-Sectional Study of Patients with Chronic Tonsillitis or Tonsillar Hypertrophy. mSystems 2021; 6:6/2/e01302-20. [PMID: 33688019 PMCID: PMC8547005 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01302-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic tonsillitis (CT) and tonsillar hypertrophy (TH) are common tonsillar diseases that are related to infection and inflammation. Little is known about tonsillar microbiota and its role in CT and TH. This study aims to identify palatine tonsillar microbiota both on the surface and in the core tissues of CT and TH patients. In total, 22 palatine tonsils were removed and collected from CT and TH patients who underwent surgery. The surface and core microbiota in the tonsils of CT and TH patients were compared using 16S rRNA gene sequencing of V3-V4 regions. Differential tonsillar microbiotas were found in the CT versus TH patients and surface versus core tissues. Further, a higher relative abundance of bacterial genera, including Haemophilus, Streptococcus, Neisseria, Capnocytophaga, Kingella, Moraxella, and Lachnospiraceae [G-2] in patients with TH and Dialister, Parvimonas, Bacteroidales [G-2], Aggregatibacter, and Atopobium in patients with CT, was observed. Of these, the differential genera of Dialister, Parvimonas, and Neisseria served as key factors in the tonsillar microbiota network. Notably, four representable tonsillar microbial types were identified, with one, consisting of a higher abundance of Haemophilus and Neisseria, exclusively detected in the TH patients. This study analyzed the different tonsillar microbiota from the surface and core tissues of CT and TH patients. Several bacteria and various microbial types related to CT and TH were identified, along with potential bacterial networks and related immune pathways. IMPORTANCE The human microbiota has been shown to be functionally connected to infectious and inflammation-related diseases. So far, only limited studies had been performed on tonsillar microbiota, although tonsils play an essential role in the human immune defense system and encountered numerous microorganisms. Our work presented different tonsillar microbiota from surface and core tissues of chronic tonsillitis (CT) and tonsillar hypertrophy (TH) patients. Notably, one tonsillar microbiota type, which contains a higher abundance of Haemophilus and Neisseria, was only detected in the TH patients. Furthermore, certain bacteria, such as Haemophilus, Neisseria, Dialister, and Parvimonas, may serve as microbial biomarkers to discriminate CT patients from TH patients. These data provide important microbiota data in the tonsillar research area and are highly useful for researchers both in the oral microbiome field and clinical field.
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Farajzadeh Sheikh A, Feghhi M, Torabipour M, Saki M, Veisi H. Low prevalence of Moraxella catarrhalis in the patients who suffered from conjunctivitis in the southwest of Iran. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:547. [PMID: 33239090 PMCID: PMC7687714 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-05389-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Moraxella catarrhalis is a non-motile Gram-negative diplococcus bacterium that contributed to several human infections including conjunctivitis. This study aimed to reveal the prevalence of M. catarrhalis in patients who suffered from conjunctivitis in Ahvaz city, southwest of Iran. Results Out of 100 conjunctiva swab specimens, M. catarrhalis was isolated only from one (1%) conjunctivitis cases using the culture method. This strain was isolated from a 34 years old female patient. Also, the results of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were in agreement with the culture method, and the specimen that showed positive culture was also positive for specific gene of M. catarrhalis. The remaining 99 specimens did not show positive results with any of the culture and PCR methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Farajzadeh Sheikh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mustafa Feghhi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emam Khomeini Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Torabipour
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Morteza Saki
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. .,Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Hojat Veisi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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