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Heart Failure in Menopause: Treatment and New Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315140. [PMID: 36499467 PMCID: PMC9735523 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is an important risk factor for the development of heart failure (HF) and half of patients with HF have preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) which is more common in elderly women. In general, sex differences that lead to discrepancies in risk factors and to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) have been attributed to the reduced level of circulating estrogen during menopause. Estrogen receptors adaptively modulate fibrotic, apoptotic, inflammatory processes and calcium homeostasis, factors that are directly involved in the HFpEF. Therefore, during menopause, estrogen depletion reduces the cardioprotection. Preclinical menopause models demonstrated that several signaling pathways and organ systems are closely involved in the development of HFpEF, including dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), chronic inflammatory process and alteration in the sympathetic nervous system. Thus, this review explores thealterations observed in the condition of HFpEF induced by menopause and the therapeutic targets with potential to interfere with the disease progress.
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Daghigh F, Karimi P, Alihemmati A, Majidi Zolbin M, Ahmadiasl N. Swimming training modulates lung injury induced by ovariectomy in diabetic rats: involvement of inflammatory and fibrotic biomarkers. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:514-520. [PMID: 31821061 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1699934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Previous studies have noted that the incidence of inflammatory and fibrotic diseases is higher in diabetic menopausal women. OBJECTIVE In the present study, we evaluated effects of swimming training on inflammatory and fibrotic biomarkers in the lung of ovariectomized diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty female rats were assigned into four groups: sham; rats underwent surgery without ovariectomies, OVX: rats that underwent ovariectomies, OVX.Dia: ovariectomized rats with high-fat diet, OVX.Dia. Exe: ovariectomized diabetic rats with 8 weeks of swimming training. At the end of experiment, protein expressions were assessed with western blot. Lung sections were subjected to immunohistochemical and haematoxylin eosin staining. RESULTS There was a significant difference in the protein expressions between exercise and ovariectomized diabetic groups (p < .05). CONCLUSION The present study showed strong potential of swimming training on oestrogen deficient diabetic lung. These data encourage further investigation into the inclusive effects of exercise in menopausal diabetic women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faeze Daghigh
- Department of Physiology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
- Tuberculosis and Lung diseases research center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Pouran Karimi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Alihemmati
- Department of Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Majidi Zolbin
- Department of Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Section of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Therapy, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naser Ahmadiasl
- Tuberculosis and Lung diseases research center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Andrological Aspects of Exercise: Moderate Swimming Protects against Isoproterenol Induced Testis and Semen Abnormalities in Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030436. [PMID: 35326087 PMCID: PMC8944432 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and progression of male infertility are closely linked to a sedentary lifestyle; however, its underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated. Our aim was to assess the protective effects of moderate swimming exercise on the male reproductive system in isoproterenol-treated rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups as follows: (1) non-interventional controls (CTRL), (2) isoproterenol-treated (ISO), (3) pre-treatment swimming training + ISO (PRE + ISO), (4) ISO + post-treatment swimming training (ISO+POST), (5) pre-treatment swimming training + ISO + post-treatment swimming training (PRE + ISO + POST) groups. Testicular oxidative stress was induced by ISO injection (1.0 mg/kg). Rats in the pre- or post-training groups were trained five days a week. At the end of the experimental period, serum testosterone levels, sperms’ hyaluronan binding, and total glutathione (GSH) content, as well as myeloperoxidase activity (MPO), TNF alpha and IL6 concentrations in the testis and semen, were measured. Serum testosterone levels, sperms’ hyaluronan binding, and GSH content were found to be significantly reduced, while MPO, TNF alpha and IL6 concentrations in the testis and semen were elevated after the ISO treatment compared to the CTRL group. Moderate-intensity swimming exercise effectively alleviated the negative effects of high oxidative stress. Our findings provide the first evidence that moderate-intensity swimming exercise confers sustained protection from isoproterenol-induced adverse effects on testicular inflammation.
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Potential Implications of Rimonabant on Age-Related Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11010162. [PMID: 35052666 PMCID: PMC8773212 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, growing interest has turned to preventive and therapeutic approaches for achieving successful aging. Oxidative stress and inflammation are fundamental features of cardiovascular diseases; therefore, potential targets of them can improve cardiac outcomes. Our study aimed to examine the involvement of the endocannabinoid system, especially the CB1 receptor blockade, on inflammatory and oxidant/antioxidant processes. Twenty-month-old female and male Wistar rats were divided into rimonabant-treated and aging control (untreated) groups. Rimonabant, a selective CB1 receptor antagonist, was administered at the dose of 1 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally for 2 weeks. Cardiac amounts of ROS, the antioxidant glutathione and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and the activity and concentration of the heme oxygenase (HO) enzyme were detected. Among inflammatory parameters, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzyme activity were measured. Two weeks of low dose rimonabant treatment significantly reduced the cardiac ROS via boosting of the antioxidant defense mechanisms as regards the HO system, and the SOD and glutathione content. Consistently, the age-related inflammatory response was alleviated. Rimonabant-treated animals showed significantly decreased NF-κB, TNF-α, and MPO levels. Our findings prove the beneficial involvement of CB1 receptor blocker rimonabant on inflammatory and oxidative damages to the aging heart.
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Multiple Applications of Different Exercise Modalities with Rodents. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:3898710. [PMID: 34868454 PMCID: PMC8639251 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3898710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A large proportion of chronic diseases can be derived from a sedentary lifestyle. Raising physical activity awareness is indispensable, as lack of exercise is the fourth most common cause of death worldwide. Animal models in different research fields serve as important tools in the study of acute or chronic noncommunicable disorders. With the help of animal-based exercise research, exercise-mediated complex antioxidant and inflammatory pathways can be explored, which knowledge can be transferred to human studies. Whereas sustained physical activity has an enormous number of beneficial effects on many organ systems, these animal models are easily applicable in several research areas. This review is aimed at providing an overall picture of scientific research studies using animal models with a focus on different training modalities. Without wishing to be exhaustive, the most commonly used forms of exercise are presented.
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Lifestyle-Induced Redox-Sensitive Alterations: Cross-Talk among the RAAS, Antioxidant/Inflammatory Status, and Hypertension. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:3080863. [PMID: 34733402 PMCID: PMC8560269 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3080863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The development and progression of hypertension are closely linked to an unhealthy lifestyle; however, its underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated. Our aim was to assess the effects of diet and exercise on the elements of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), redox-sensitive parameters, and the expression of the vascular tone regulator endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Male control Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive (SHRSP) rats were randomized based on the type of diet (standard chow, high-fat diet: HT, and fructose-enriched diet: HF) and exercise (voluntary wheel-running exercise or lack of exercise). After 12 weeks of experimental period, the concentrations of the RAAS elements, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) concentrations, levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH), and expressions of extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) and phosphorylated ERK1/2 as well as eNOS were measured in the cardiac tissue of WKY and SHRSP rats. We found that the RAAS elements were overactivated under hypertension and were further elevated by HT or HF diet, while HT and HF diet enhanced MPO and TNF-α parameters as well as the expression of pERK1/2; SOD, GSH, and eNOS levels were decreased. These changes occurred in WKKY rats and reached the statistically significant level in SHRSP animals. 12 weeks of exercise compensated the adverse effects of HT and HF via alleviating the concentrations of the RAAS elements and inflammatory markers as well as increasing of antioxidants. Our findings prove that SHRSP rats are more vulnerable to lifestyle changes. Both the type of diet and exercise, as a nonpharmacological therapeutic tool, can have a significant impact on the progression of hypertension.
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Costa SP, Domingues TE, Rodrigues CM, Silva SB, Diniz E Magalhães CO, Costa-Pereira LV, Peixoto MFD, da Fonseca SF, Sampaio KH, Mendonça VA, Lacerda ACR. Does endurance training prior to ovariectomy protect against myocardial contractility dysfunction in rats? Exp Gerontol 2021; 155:111556. [PMID: 34537279 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endurance training prevents cardiac dysfunction induced by menopause, but to date, no studies compared the effects of endurance training prior to menopause versus estrogen replacement therapy during menopause on heart function of rats. METHODS Female Wistar rats aged three months were randomly assigned into three groups: Untrained ovariectomized rats (UN-OVX), untrained ovariectomized rats treated with estradiol (UN-OVX-E2), and ovariectomized rats previously exercised (EX-OVX). The endurance training protocol consisted of running on a treadmill at 60-70% of maximal aerobic capacity, 60 min per day, five days per week, for eight weeks. Estradiol replacement therapy consisted of silastic capsules containing the hormone for twelve days. After euthanasia, hearts were harvested, weighed and cardiac function was evaluated by the Langendorff technique. RESULTS Both cardiac contractility and relaxation indexes improved similarly in the EX-OVX and UN-OVX-E2 rats compared to UN-OVX. CONCLUSION Our findings reveal similar beneficial effects between endurance training previously to menopause and estradiol replacement therapy during menopause on cardiac function of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Paula Costa
- Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde (CIPq-Saúde), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Talita Emanuela Domingues
- Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde (CIPq-Saúde), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas (PMPGCF), Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis), Brazil
| | - Cíntia Maria Rodrigues
- Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde (CIPq-Saúde), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas (PMPGCF), Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis), Brazil
| | - Sara Barros Silva
- Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde (CIPq-Saúde), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional (PPGReab), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Caíque Olegário Diniz E Magalhães
- Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde (CIPq-Saúde), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas (PMPGCF), Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis), Brazil
| | - Liliane Vanessa Costa-Pereira
- Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde (CIPq-Saúde), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas (PMPGCF), Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis), Brazil
| | - Marco Fabricio Dias Peixoto
- Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde (CIPq-Saúde), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas (PMPGCF), Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis), Brazil; Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Sueli Ferreira da Fonseca
- Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde (CIPq-Saúde), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Kinulpe Honorato Sampaio
- Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde (CIPq-Saúde), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas (PMPGCF), Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis), Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Amaral Mendonça
- Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde (CIPq-Saúde), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas (PMPGCF), Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis), Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional (PPGReab), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil; Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Rodrigues Lacerda
- Centro Integrado de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Saúde (CIPq-Saúde), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas (PMPGCF), Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia (SBFis), Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional (PPGReab), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil; Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil.
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Szabó R, Hoffmann A, Börzsei D, Kupai K, Veszelka M, Berkó AM, Pávó I, Gesztelyi R, Juhász B, Turcsán Z, Pósa A, Varga C. Hormone Replacement Therapy and Aging: A Potential Therapeutic Approach for Age-Related Oxidative Stress and Cardiac Remodeling. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8364297. [PMID: 33623635 PMCID: PMC7875635 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8364297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Advanced age is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, which might be further exacerbated by estrogen deficiency. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) decreases cardiovascular risks and events in postmenopausal women; however, its effects are not fully elucidated in older individuals. Thus, the aim of our study is to examine the impact of HRT on oxidant/antioxidant homeostasis and cardiac remodeling. In our experiment, control (fertile) and aging (~20-month-old) female Wistar rats were used. Aging rats were further divided into estrogen- (E2, 0.1 mg/kg/day per os) or raloxifene- (RAL, 1.0 mg/kg/day per os) treated subgroups. After 2 weeks of treatment, cardiac heme oxygenase (HO) activity, total glutathione (GSH) content, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) activity, and the concentrations of collagen type I and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP-2), as well as the infarct size, were determined. The aging process significantly decreased the antioxidant HO activity and GSH content, altered the MMP-2/TIMP-2 signaling, and resulted in an excessive collagen accumulation, which culminated in cardiovascular injury. However, 2 weeks of either E2 or RAL treatment enhanced the antioxidant defense mechanisms and attenuated cardiac remodeling related to aging. Our findings clearly show that 2-week-long HRT is a potential intervention to bias successful cardiovascular aging via reducing oxidative damage and cardiovascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renáta Szabó
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Hoffmann
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | - Denise Börzsei
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Kupai
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
- 1st Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Médea Veszelka
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | - Anikó Magyariné Berkó
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | - Imre Pávó
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | - Rudolf Gesztelyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Debrecen, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
| | - Béla Juhász
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Debrecen, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Turcsán
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | - Anikó Pósa
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csaba Varga
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
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Börzsei D, Priksz D, Szabó R, Bombicz M, Karácsonyi Z, Puskás LG, Fehér LZ, Radák Z, Kupai K, Berkó AM, Varga C, Juhász B, Pósa A. Exercise-mitigated sex-based differences in aging: from genetic alterations to heart performance. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H854-H866. [PMID: 33337964 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00643.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases dramatically increases with age; therefore, striving to maintain a physiological heart function is particularly important. Our aim was to study the voluntary exercise-evoked cardioprotective effects in aged male and female rats, from genetic alterations to changes in heart performance. We divided 20-month-old female and male Wistar rats to control and running groups. After the 12-wk-long experimental period, echocardiographic measurements were performed. Afterwards, hearts were either removed for biochemical measurements or mounted into a Langendorff-perfusion system to detect infarct size. The following genes and their proteins were analyzed from heart: catechol-O-methyltransferase (Comt), endothelin-1 (Esm1), Purkinje cell protein-4 (Pcp4), and osteoglycin (Ogn). Recreational exercise caused functional improvements; however, changes were more prominent in males. Cardiac expression of Comt and Ogn was reduced as a result of exercise in aged males, whereas Pcp4 and Esm1 showed a marked overexpression, along with a markedly improved diastolic function. The key result of this study is that exercise enhanced the expression of the Pcp4 gene and protein, a recently described regulator of calcium balance in cardiomyocytes, and suppressed Comt and Ogn gene expression, which has been associated with impaired cardiac function. In addition, as a result of exercise, a significant improvement was observed in the size of infarct elicited by left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion. Our results clearly show that age and sex-dependent changes were both apparent in key proteins linked to cardiovascular physiology. Exercise-moderated fundamental genetic alterations may have contributed to the functional adaptation of the heart.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Voluntary exercise has proved to be an effective therapeutic tool to improve cardiac function in aged rats with clearly visible sex differences. Long-term exercise is associated with decreased Ogn and Comt expression and enhanced presence of Pcp4 and Esm1 genes. Sex-dependent changes were also observed in the expression of the cardiovascular key proteins. Fundamental alterations in gene and protein expression may contribute to the improvement of cardiac performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Börzsei
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dániel Priksz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Renáta Szabó
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mariann Bombicz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Karácsonyi
- Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László G Puskás
- Avidin Limited, Szeged, Hungary
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Zsolt Radák
- Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Kupai
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anikó Magyariné Berkó
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csaba Varga
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Béla Juhász
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Anikó Pósa
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Kaplan A, Abidi E, Habeichi NJ, Ghali R, Alawasi H, Fakih C, Zibara K, Kobeissy F, Husari A, Booz GW, Zouein FA. Gender-biased kidney damage in mice following exposure to tobacco cigarette smoke: More protection in premenopausal females. Physiol Rep 2021; 8:e14339. [PMID: 31981316 PMCID: PMC6981307 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple clinical studies documented renal damage in chronic cigarette smokers (CS) irrespective of their age and gender. Premenopausal female smokers are known to exert a certain cardiovascular and renal protection with undefined mechanisms. Given the multiple demographic variables within clinical studies, this experimental study was designed to be the first to assess whether gender‐biased CS‐induced kidney damage truly exists between premenopausal female and age‐matched C57Bl6J male mice when compared to their relative control groups. Following 6 weeks of CS exposure, cardiac function, inflammatory marker production, fibrosis formation, total and glomerular ROS levels, and glomerulotubular homeostasis were assessed in both genders. Although both CS‐exposed male and female mice exhibited comparable ROS fold change relative to their respective control groups, CS‐exposed male mice showed a more pronounced fibrotic deposition, inflammation, and glomerulotubular damage profile. However, the protection observed in CS‐exposed female group was not absolute. CS‐exposed female mice exhibited a significant increase in fibrosis, ROS production, and glomerulotubular alteration but with a pronounced anti‐inflammatory profile when compared to their relative control groups. Although both CS‐exposed genders presented with altered glomerulotubular homeostasis, the alteration phenotype between genders was different. CS‐exposed males showed a significant decrease in Bowman's space along with reduced tubular diameter consistent with an endocrinization pattern of chronic tubular atrophy, suggestive of an advanced stage of glomerulotubular damage. CS‐exposed female group, on the other hand, displayed glomerular hypertrophy with a mild tubular dilatation profile suggestive of an early stage of glomerulotubular damage that generally precedes collapse. In conclusion, both genders are prone to CS‐induced kidney damage with pronounced female protection due to a milder damage slope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Kaplan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Emna Abidi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nada J Habeichi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rana Ghali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hiam Alawasi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Christina Fakih
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Kazem Zibara
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ahmad Husari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Respiratory Diseases and Sleep Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - George W Booz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Fouad A Zouein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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11
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Konhilas JP, Sanchez JN, Regan JA, Constantopoulos E, Lopez-Pier M, Cannon DK, Skaria R, McKee LA, Chen H, Lipovka Y, Pollow D, Brooks HL. Using 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide as a model of menopause for cardiovascular disease. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 318:H1461-H1473. [PMID: 32383991 PMCID: PMC7311698 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00555.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
There is a sharp rise in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and progression with the onset of menopause. The 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD) model of menopause recapitulates the natural, physiological transition through perimenopause to menopause. We hypothesized that menopausal female mice were more susceptible to CVD than pre- or perimenopausal females. Female mice were treated with VCD or vehicle for 20 consecutive days. Premenopausal, perimenopausal, and menopausal mice were administered angiotensin II (ANG II) or subjected to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). Menopausal females were more susceptible to pathological ANG II-induced cardiac remodeling and cardiac injury from a myocardial infarction (MI), while perimenopausal, like premenopausal, females remained protected. Specifically, ANG II significantly elevated diastolic (130.9 ± 6.0 vs. 114.7 ± 6.2 mmHg) and systolic (156.9 ± 4.8 vs. 141.7 ± 5.0 mmHg) blood pressure and normalized cardiac mass (15.9 ± 1.0 vs. 7.7 ± 1.5%) to a greater extent in menopausal females compared with controls, whereas perimenopausal females demonstrated a similar elevation of diastolic (93.7 ± 2.9 vs. 100.5 ± 4.1 mmHg) and systolic (155.9 ± 7.3 vs. 152.3 ± 6.5 mmHg) blood pressure and normalized cardiac mass (8.3 ± 2.1 vs. 7.5 ± 1.4%) compared with controls. Similarly, menopausal females demonstrated a threefold increase in fibrosis measured by Picrosirus red staining. Finally, hearts of menopausal females (41 ± 5%) showed larger infarct sizes following I/R injury than perimenopausal (18.0 ± 5.6%) and premenopausal (16.2 ± 3.3, 20.1 ± 4.8%) groups. Using the VCD model of menopause, we provide evidence that menopausal females were more susceptible to pathological cardiac remodeling. We suggest that the VCD model of menopause may be critical to better elucidate cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the transition to CVD susceptibility in menopausal women.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Before menopause, women are protected against cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared with age-matched men; this protection is gradually lost after menopause. We present the first evidence that demonstrates menopausal females are more susceptible to pathological cardiac remodeling while perimenopausal and cycling females are not. The VCD model permits appropriate examination of how increased susceptibility to the pathological process of cardiac remodeling accelerates from pre- to perimenopause to menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Konhilas
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.,Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Jessica N Sanchez
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.,Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Jessica A Regan
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.,Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Eleni Constantopoulos
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.,Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Marissa Lopez-Pier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | | | - Rinku Skaria
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Laurel A McKee
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.,Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.,Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Yulia Lipovka
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.,Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Dennis Pollow
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Heddwen L Brooks
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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12
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Spotlight on a New Heme Oxygenase Pathway: Testosterone-Induced Shifts in Cardiac Oxidant/Antioxidant Status. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8080288. [PMID: 31394727 PMCID: PMC6720826 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8080288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A low testosterone level contributes to the development of oxidative damages; however, the cardiovascular effects of exogenous hormone therapy are not well elucidated. The aim of our work is to study the association of the testosterone level, antioxidant/oxidant system, and anti-inflammatory status related to the heme oxygenase (HO) system. To determine the effects of testosterone, 10-week-old, and 24-month-old sham-operated and castrated male Wistar rats were used. One part of the castrated animals was daily treated with 2.5 mg/kg cyproterone acetate, while the hormone replacement therapy was performed via an i.m. injection of a dose of 8.0 mg testosterone undecanoate/kg/once a week. The plasma testosterone level, the activity of HO and myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzymes; the concentrations of the HO-1, tumor necrosis alpha (TNF-α), and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), as well as the total level of glutathione (GSH + GSSG) were determined from the cardiac left ventricle. In accordance with the testosterone values, the aging process and castration resulted in a decrease in antioxidant HO activity, HO-1 and cGMP concentrations and in the level of GSH + GSSG, whereas the inflammatory TNF-α and MPO activity significantly increased. Testosterone therapy was able to restore the physiological values. Our results clearly show that testosterone replacement therapy increases the antioxidant status and mitigates the inflammatory parameters via the modulation of the HO system.
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13
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Abdelmonem M, Shahin NN, Rashed LA, Amin HAA, Shamaa AA, Shaheen AA. Hydrogen sulfide enhances the effectiveness of mesenchymal stem cell therapy in rats with heart failure: In vitro preconditioning versus in vivo co-delivery. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 112:108584. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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14
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Netrin-1 plays a role in the effect of moderate exercise on myocardial fibrosis in rats. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0199802. [PMID: 30789913 PMCID: PMC6383912 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise on the expression of neitrin-1,DCC receptor and myocardial fibrosis in rats with acute myocardial infarction. METHODS Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into three groups: the sham group (n = 8), the acute myocardial infarction (AMI) model group (n = 8), and the aerobic exercise treatment after acute myocardial infarction group (ET) (n = 8). After 10 weeks, the serum levels of netrin-1, tumor necrosis factor alpha α (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were measured. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9 (MMP2, 9), and their inhibitor, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP2), myocardial netrin-1, and the deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) receptor were evaluated. Histopathological results were also evaluated. The collagen volume fraction of the myocardial tissues was also calculated. RESULTS Compared with the sham group, in the AMI and ET groups, left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) were increased, while left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), and left ventricular pressure maximal rate of rise and fall (± dp/dtmax) were significantly decreased (P<0.05,). Compared with the AMI group, in the ET group, LVSP, and ±dp/dtmax were significantly increased while LVEDP was decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the sham group, the AMI group and ET groups showed increased levels of serum TNF-α, IL-6 and significantly reduced levels of netrin-1. Levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly reduced in the ET group compared with the AMI group, whereas the level of netrin-1 was increased. The expression of myocardial MMP2 and MMP9 was significantly increased in the AMI group compared with the sham group, whereas that of myocardial netrin-1, TIMP2 and the DCC receptor, was significantly reduced. Compared with the AMI group, the ET group showed reduced expression of myocardial MMP2 and MMP9 proteins, whereas expression of myocardial netrin-1, TIMP2 and the DCC receptor, was significantly increased. The collagen volume fraction of the myocardial tissues was significantly increased in the AMI group and the ET group compared with the sham group, with a greater increase in the AMI group. CONCLUSIONS Aerobic exercise increased levels of serum netrin-1, myocardial netrin-1, and the DCC receptor and reduced the expression of myocardial MMP2 and MMP9 proteins, to improve the degree of fibrosis following myocardial infarction in rats.
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15
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Szabó R, Börzsei D, Karácsonyi Z, Gesztelyi R, Nemes K, Berkó AM, Veszelka M, Török S, Kupai K, Varga C, Juhász B, Pósa A. Postconditioning-like effect of exercis: new paradigm in experimental menopause. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 316:H400-H407. [PMID: 30575421 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00485.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The progression of coronary artery diseases in premenopausal women is lower than in age-matched men; however, its probability increases rapidly after menopause. The aim of our study was to investigate the postconditioning-like effects of voluntary physical exercise on postmenopausal cardiovascular outcomes after myocardial infarction. We used fertile Wistar females [control (CTRL)] and pharmacologically induced estrogen-deficient (POVX; 750 µg/kg triptorelin im, every 4th week) rats. CTRL and POVX animals were randomly assigned to receive an injection of 0.1 mg isoproterenol (ISO)/kg. At the 20th hour after ISO injection, serum markers of myocardial injury, such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and myoglobin, were measured. After a 3-wk resting period, ISO-treated and untreated animals were further divided into subgroups on the basis of 6 wk of physical exercise. At the end of the experiment, cardiac activity and content of the antioxidative heme oxygenase (HO) enzyme, levels of GSH and GSH + GSSG, activity of myeloperoxidase, as well as the concentration of TNF-α were determined. At the end of the experimental period, we observed a significant decrease in the activity and content of HO enzymes in POVX and POVX/ISO rats, whereas physical exercise significantly improved HO and GSH values in both CTRL and POVX rats. Furthermore, our training protocol significantly reduced the pathological levels of myeloperoxidase and TNF-α. Our findings clearly demonstrate that modulation of the HO system by voluntary physical exercise is a key process to decrease inflammatory parameters and ameliorate the antioxidative status in estrogen-deficient conditions postmyocardial injury. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We used a noninvasive rat model of estrogen deficiency and myocardial infarction. The long-term effects of isoproterenol treatment revealed reduced heme oxygenase enzyme activity and expression and decreased glutathione levels. Isoproterenol treatment enhanced the myeloperoxidase enzyme activity. Voluntary physical exercise ameliorated the antioxidative status by increasing of the heme oxygenase enzyme system. Voluntary physical exercise is a potential therapeutic tool to improve cardiac antioxidant status in menopausal women postmyocardial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renáta Szabó
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Neuroscience, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Denise Börzsei
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Zoltán Karácsonyi
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Debrecen , Debrecen , Hungary
| | - Rudolf Gesztelyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Debrecen , Debrecen , Hungary
| | - Kolos Nemes
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Anikó Magyariné Berkó
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Médea Veszelka
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Szilvia Török
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Krisztina Kupai
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Csaba Varga
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Béla Juhász
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Debrecen , Debrecen , Hungary
| | - Anikó Pósa
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Neuroscience, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary
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16
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Varga C, Veszelka M, Kupai K, Börzsei D, Deim Z, Szabó R, Török S, Priksz D, Gesztelyi R, Juhász B, Radák Z, Pósa A. The Effects of Exercise Training and High Triglyceride Diet in an Estrogen Depleted Rat Model: The Role of the Heme Oxygenase System and Inflammatory Processes in Cardiovascular Risk. J Sports Sci Med 2018; 17:580-588. [PMID: 30479526 PMCID: PMC6243614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality of premenopausal women are significantly lower compared to men of similar age. However, this protective effect evidently decreases after the onset of menopause. We hypothesized that physical exercise could be a potential therapeutic strategy to improve inflammatory processes and cardiovascular antioxidant homeostasis, which can be affected by the loss of estrogen and the adverse environmental factors, such as overnutrition. Ovariectomized (OVX, n= 40) and sham-operated (SO, n= 40) female Wistar rats were randomized to exercising (R) and non-exercising (NR) groups. Feeding parameters were chosen to make a standard chow (CTRL) or a high triglyceride diet (HT) for 12 weeks. Aortic and cardiac heme oxygenase (HO) activity and HO-1 concentrations significantly decreased in all of the NR OVX and SO HT groups. However, the 12-week physical exercise was found to improve HO-1 values. Plasma IL-6 concentrations were higher in the NR OVX animals and rats fed HT diet compared to SO CTRL rats. TNF-α concentrations were significantly higher in the NR OVX groups. 12 weeks of exercise significantly reduced the concentrations of both TNF-α and IL-6 compared to the NR counterparts. The activity of myeloperoxidase enzyme (MPO) was significantly increased as a result of OVX and HT diet, however voluntary wheel-running exercise restored the elevated values. Our results show that estrogen deficiency and HT diet caused a significant decrease in the activity and concentration of HO enzyme, as well as the concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6, and the activity of MPO. However, 12 weeks of voluntary wheel-running exercise is a potential non-pharmacological therapy to ameliorate these disturbances, which determine the life expectancy of postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Varga
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Médea Veszelka
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Kupai
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Denise Börzsei
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Deim
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Renáta Szabó
- University of Szeged, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience
| | - Szilvia Török
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dániel Priksz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Rudolf Gesztelyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Béla Juhász
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Radák
- Institute of Sport Science, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anikó Pósa
- University of Szeged, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience
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17
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de Almeida SA, Claudio ERG, Mengal V, Brasil GA, Merlo E, Podratz PL, Graceli JB, Gouvea SA, de Abreu GR. Estrogen Therapy Worsens Cardiac Function and Remodeling and Reverses the Effects of Exercise Training After Myocardial Infarction in Ovariectomized Female Rats. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1242. [PMID: 30233413 PMCID: PMC6134041 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an increase in the incidence of cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction (MI) after menopause. However, the use of estrogen therapy (E2) remains controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of E2, alone and combined with exercise training (ET), on cardiac function and remodeling in ovariectomized (OVX) rats after MI. Wistar female rats underwent ovariectomy, followed by MI induction were separated into five groups: S; MI; MI+ET; MI+E2; and MI+ET+E2. Fifteen days after MI or sham surgery, treadmill ET and/or estrogen therapy [17-β estradiol-3-benzoate (E2), s.c. three times/week] were initiated and maintained for 8 weeks. After the treatment and/or training period, the animals underwent cardiac hemodynamic evaluation through catheterization of the left ventricle (LV); the LV systolic and diastolic pressures (LVSP and LVEDP, respectively), maximum LV contraction and relaxation derivatives (dP/dt+ and dP/dt−), and isovolumic relaxation time (Tau) were assessed. Moreover, histological analyses of the heart (collagen and hypertrophy), cardiac oxidative stress [advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs)], pro- and antioxidant protein expression by Western blotting and antioxidant enzyme activity in the heart were evaluated. The MI reduced the LVSP, dP/dt+ and dP/dt− but increased the LVEDP and Tau. E2 did not prevent the MI-induced changes in cardiac function, even when combined with ET. An increase in the dP/dt+ was observed in the E2 group compared with the MI group. There were no changes in collagen deposition and myocyte hypertrophy caused by the treatments. The increases in AOPP, gp91-phox, and angiotensin II type 1 receptor expression induced by MI were not reduced by E2. There were no changes in the expression of catalase caused by MI or by the treatments, although, a reduction in superoxide dismutase (SOD) expression occurred in the groups subjected to E2 treatment. Whereas there were post-MI reductions in activities of SOD and catalase enzymes, only that of SOD was prevented by ET. Therefore, we conclude that E2 therapy does not prevent the MI-induced changes in cardiac function and worsens parameters related to cardiac remodeling. Moreover, E2 reverses the positive effects of ET when used in combination, in OVX infarcted female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Alves de Almeida
- Laboratório de Regulação Neurohumoral da Circulação, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Erick R G Claudio
- Laboratório de Regulação Neurohumoral da Circulação, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Mengal
- Laboratório de Regulação Neurohumoral da Circulação, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Girlandia A Brasil
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Farmacêuticas - Nupecfarma, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Vila Velha, Vila Velha, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Merlo
- Departamento de Morfologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Priscila L Podratz
- Departamento de Morfologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Jones B Graceli
- Departamento de Morfologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Sonia A Gouvea
- Laboratório de Regulação Neurohumoral da Circulação, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Gláucia Rodrigues de Abreu
- Laboratório de Regulação Neurohumoral da Circulação, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
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