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Xie X, Sun T, Pan H, Ji D, Xu Z, Gao G, Miao J, Wang L, Zhang Y, Liu J, Ling Y, Su X. Development of Novel β-Carboline/Furylmalononitrile Hybrids as Type I/II Photosensitizers with Chemo-Photodynamic Therapy and Minimal Toxicity. Mol Pharm 2024. [PMID: 38816926 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Chemo-photodynamic therapy is a treatment method that combines chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy and has demonstrated significant potential in cancer treatment. However, the development of chemo-photodynamic therapeutic agents with fewer side effects still poses a challenge. Herein, we designed and synthesized a novel series of β-carboline/furylmalononitrile hybrids 10a-i and evaluated their chemo-photodynamic therapeutic effects. Most of the compounds were photodynamically active and exhibited cytotoxic effects in four cancer cells. In particular, 10f possessed type-I/II photodynamic characteristics, and its 1O2 quantum yield increased by 3-fold from pH 7.4 to 4.5. Most interestingly, 10f exhibited robust antiproliferative effects by tumor-selective cytotoxicities and hypoxic-overcoming phototoxicities. In addition, 10f generated intracellular ROS and induced hepatocellular apoptosis, mitochondrial damage, and autophagy. Finally, 10f demonstrated extremely low acute toxicity (LD50 = 1415 mg/kg) and a high tumor-inhibitory rate of 80.5% through chemo-photodynamic dual therapy. Our findings may provide a promising framework for the design of new photosensitizers for chemo-photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Tiantian Sun
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Heyu Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Dongliang Ji
- Department of Pharmacy, Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Zhongyuan Xu
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Ge Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Jiefei Miao
- Department of Pharmacy, Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Ji Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yong Ling
- Department of Pharmacy, Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xing Su
- Department of Pharmacy, Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
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Xie L, Bai H, Song L, Liu C, Gong W, Wang W, Zhao X, Takemoto C, Wang H. Structural and Photodynamic Studies on Nitrosylruthenium-Complexed Serum Albumin as a Delivery System for Controlled Nitric Oxide Release. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:8826-8837. [PMID: 34060309 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
How to deliver nitric oxide (NO) to a physiological target and control its release quantitatively is a key issue for biomedical applications. Here, a water-soluble nitrosylruthenium complex, [(CH3)4N][RuCl3(5cqn)(NO)] (H5cqn = 5-chloro-8-quinoline), was synthesized, and its structure was confirmed with 1H NMR and X-ray crystal diffraction. Photoinduced NO release was investigated with time-resolved Fourier transform infrared and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopies. The binding constant of the [RuCl3(5cqn)(NO)]- complex with human serum albumin (HSA) was determined by fluorescence spectroscopy, and the binding mode was identified by X-ray crystallography of the HSA and Ru-NO complex adduct. The crystal structure reveals that two molecules of the Ru-NO complex are located in the subdomain IB, which is one of the major drug binding regions of HSA. The chemical structures of the Ru complexes were [RuCl3(5cqn)(NO)]- and [RuCl3(Glycerin)NO]-, in which the electron densities for all ligands to Ru are unambiguously identified. EPR spin-trapping data showed that photoirradiation triggered NO radical generation from the HSA complex adduct. Moreover, the near-infrared image of exogenous NO from the nitrosylruthenium complex in living cells was observed using a NO-selective fluorescent probe. This study provides a strategy to design an appropriate delivery system to transport NO and metallodrugs in vivo for potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Education Ministry, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Hehe Bai
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Education Ministry, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Luna Song
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Education Ministry, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Chenyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Education Ministry, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Wenjun Gong
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Education Ministry, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Wenming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology of Shanxi Provence, Shanxi, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
| | - Chie Takemoto
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hongfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Education Ministry, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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