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Stocco E, Barbon S, Faccio D, Petrelli L, Incendi D, Zamuner A, De Rose E, Confalonieri M, Tolomei F, Todros S, Tiengo C, Macchi V, Dettin M, De Caro R, Porzionato A. Development and preclinical evaluation of bioactive nerve conduits for peripheral nerve regeneration: A comparative study. Mater Today Bio 2023; 22:100761. [PMID: 37600351 PMCID: PMC10433238 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In severe peripheral nerve injuries, nerve conduits (NCs) are good alternatives to autografts/allografts; however, the results the available devices guarantee for are still not fully satisfactory. Herein, differently bioactivated NCs based on the new polymer oxidized polyvinyl alcohol (OxPVA) are compared in a rat model of sciatic nerve neurotmesis (gap: 5 mm; end point: 6 weeks). Thirty Sprague Dawley rats are randomized to 6 groups: Reverse Autograft (RA); Reaxon®; OxPVA; OxPVA + EAK (self-assembling peptide, mechanical incorporation); OxPVA + EAK-YIGSR (mechanical incorporation); OxPVA + Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) (adsorption). Preliminarily, all OxPVA-based devices are comparable with Reaxon® in Sciatic Functional Index score and gait analysis; moreover, all conduits sustain nerve regeneration (S100, β-tubulin) without showing substantial inflammation (CD3, F4/80) evidences. Following morphometric analyses, OxPVA confirms its potential in PNI repair (comparable with Reaxon®) whereas OxPVA + EAK-YIGSR stands out for its myelinated axons total number and density, revealing promising in injury recovery and for future application in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Stocco
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Via Aristide Gabelli 65, 35127, Padova, Italy
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Science and Public Health, University of Padova, Via Nicolò Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Via Nicolò Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Barbon
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Via Aristide Gabelli 65, 35127, Padova, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Via Nicolò Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Diego Faccio
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, University of Padova, Via Nicolò Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Lucia Petrelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Via Aristide Gabelli 65, 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - Damiana Incendi
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Via Aristide Gabelli 65, 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - Annj Zamuner
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Via Nicolò Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering University of Padova, Via Francesco Marzolo 9, 35131, Padova, Italy
- Department of Industrial Engineering University of Padova, Via Gradenigo 6/a, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Enrico De Rose
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Via Aristide Gabelli 65, 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - Marta Confalonieri
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Via Aristide Gabelli 65, 35127, Padova, Italy
- Department of Industrial Engineering University of Padova, Via Gradenigo 6/a, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Tolomei
- Department of Industrial Engineering University of Padova, Via Gradenigo 6/a, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Todros
- Department of Industrial Engineering University of Padova, Via Gradenigo 6/a, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Cesare Tiengo
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, University of Padova, Via Nicolò Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Veronica Macchi
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Via Aristide Gabelli 65, 35127, Padova, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Via Nicolò Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Monica Dettin
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Via Nicolò Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
- Department of Industrial Engineering University of Padova, Via Gradenigo 6/a, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Caro
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Via Aristide Gabelli 65, 35127, Padova, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Via Nicolò Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Porzionato
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Via Aristide Gabelli 65, 35127, Padova, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Via Nicolò Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
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Stocco E, Barbon S, Emmi A, Tiengo C, Macchi V, De Caro R, Porzionato A. Bridging Gaps in Peripheral Nerves: From Current Strategies to Future Perspectives in Conduit Design. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119170. [PMID: 37298122 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In peripheral nerve injuries (PNI) with substance loss, where tensionless end-to-end suture is not achievable, the positioning of a graft is required. Available options include autografts (e.g., sural nerve, medial and lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerves, superficial branch of the radial nerve), allografts (Avance®; human origin), and hollow nerve conduits. There are eleven commercial hollow conduits approved for clinical, and they consist of devices made of a non-biodegradable synthetic polymer (polyvinyl alcohol), biodegradable synthetic polymers (poly(DL-lactide-ε-caprolactone); polyglycolic acid), and biodegradable natural polymers (collagen type I with/without glycosaminoglycan; chitosan; porcine small intestinal submucosa); different resorption times are available for resorbable guides, ranging from three months to four years. Unfortunately, anatomical/functional nerve regeneration requirements are not satisfied by any of the possible alternatives; to date, focusing on wall and/or inner lumen organization/functionalization seems to be the most promising strategy for next-generation device fabrication. Porous or grooved walls as well as multichannel lumens and luminal fillers are the most intriguing options, eventually also including the addition of cells (Schwann cells, bone marrow-derived, and adipose tissue derived stem cells) to support nerve regeneration. This review aims to describe common alternatives for severe PNI recovery with a highlight of future conduits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Stocco
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, Padova University Hospital, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Foundation for Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering and Signaling-TES, Onlus, 35030 Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Barbon
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Foundation for Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering and Signaling-TES, Onlus, 35030 Padova, Italy
| | - Aron Emmi
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Cesare Tiengo
- Plastic Surgery Unit, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Veronica Macchi
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Caro
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Porzionato
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, 35128 Padova, Italy
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3
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Effects of Usnic Acid to Prevent Infections by Creating a Protective Barrier in an In Vitro Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043695. [PMID: 36835105 PMCID: PMC9958797 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasal sprays are medical devices useful for preventing infection and the subsequent spread of airborne pathogens. The effectiveness of these devices depends on the activity of chosen compounds which can create a physical barrier against viral uptake as well as incorporate different substances with antiviral activity. Among antiviral compounds, UA, a dibenzofuran derived from lichens, has the mechanical ability to modify its structure by creating a branch capable of forming a protective barrier. The mechanical ability of UA to protect cells from virus infection was investigated by analyzing the branching capacity of UA, and then the protection mechanism in an in vitro model was also studied. As expected, UA at 37 °C was able to create a barrier confirming its ramification property. At the same time, UA was able to block the infection of Vero E6 and HNEpC cells by interfering with a biological interaction between cells and viruses as revealed also by the UA quantification. Therefore, UA can block virus activity through a mechanical barrier effect without altering the physiological nasal homeostasis. The findings of this research could be of great relevance in view of the growing alarm regarding the spread of airborne viral diseases.
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Stocco E, Barbon S, Mammana M, Zambello G, Contran M, Parnigotto PP, Macchi V, Conconi MT, Rea F, De Caro R, Porzionato A. Preclinical and clinical orthotopic transplantation of decellularized/engineered tracheal scaffolds: A systematic literature review. J Tissue Eng 2023; 14:20417314231151826. [PMID: 36874984 PMCID: PMC9974632 DOI: 10.1177/20417314231151826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe tracheal injuries that cannot be managed by mobilization and end-to-end anastomosis represent an unmet clinical need and an urgent challenge to face in surgical practice; within this scenario, decellularized scaffolds (eventually bioengineered) are currently a tempting option among tissue engineered substitutes. The success of a decellularized trachea is expression of a balanced approach in cells removal while preserving the extracellular matrix (ECM) architecture/mechanical properties. Revising the literature, many Authors report about different methods for acellular tracheal ECMs development; however, only few of them verified the devices effectiveness by an orthotopic implant in animal models of disease. To support translational medicine in this field, here we provide a systematic review on studies recurring to decellularized/bioengineered tracheas implantation. After describing the specific methodological aspects, orthotopic implant results are verified. Furtherly, the only three clinical cases of compassionate use of tissue engineered tracheas are reported with a focus on outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Stocco
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Padova, Italy.,Foundation for Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering and Signaling-TES, Onlus, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Barbon
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Padova, Italy.,Foundation for Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering and Signaling-TES, Onlus, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Mammana
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Padova, Italy.,Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Zambello
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Martina Contran
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Parnigotto
- Foundation for Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering and Signaling-TES, Onlus, Padova, Italy
| | - Veronica Macchi
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Padova, Italy.,Foundation for Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering and Signaling-TES, Onlus, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Conconi
- Foundation for Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering and Signaling-TES, Onlus, Padova, Italy.,Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Federico Rea
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Padova, Italy.,Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Caro
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Padova, Italy.,Foundation for Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering and Signaling-TES, Onlus, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Porzionato
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Padova, Italy.,Foundation for Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering and Signaling-TES, Onlus, Padova, Italy
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5
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Todros S, Spadoni S, Barbon S, Stocco E, Confalonieri M, Porzionato A, Pavan PG. Compressive Mechanical Behavior of Partially Oxidized Polyvinyl Alcohol Hydrogels for Cartilage Tissue Repair. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:bioengineering9120789. [PMID: 36550995 PMCID: PMC9774902 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9120789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels are extensively used as scaffolds for tissue engineering, although their biodegradation properties have not been optimized yet. To overcome this limitation, partially oxidized PVA has been developed by means of different oxidizing agents, obtaining scaffolds with improved biodegradability. The oxidation reaction also allows tuning the mechanical properties, which are essential for effective use in vivo. In this work, the compressive mechanical behavior of native and partially oxidized PVA hydrogels is investigated, to evaluate the effect of different oxidizing agents, i.e., potassium permanganate, bromine, and iodine. For this purpose, PVA hydrogels are tested by means of indentation tests, also considering the time-dependent mechanical response. Indentation results show that the oxidation reduces the compressive stiffness from about 2.3 N/mm for native PVA to 1.1 ÷ 1.4 N/mm for oxidized PVA. During the consolidation, PVA hydrogels exhibit a force reduction of about 40% and this behavior is unaffected by the oxidizing treatment. A poroviscoelastic constitutive model is developed to describe the time-dependent mechanical response, accounting for the viscoelastic polymer matrix properties and the flow of water molecules within the matrix during long-term compression. This model allows to estimate the long-term Young's modulus of PVA hydrogels in drained conditions (66 kPa for native PVA and 34-42 kPa for oxidized PVA) and can be exploited to evaluate their performances under compressive stress in vivo, as in the case of cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Todros
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, via Venezia 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Spadoni
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, via Venezia 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Silvia Barbon
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, via A. Gabelli 65, 35121 Padova, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Regione Veneto, via N. Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Stocco
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, via A. Gabelli 65, 35121 Padova, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Regione Veneto, via N. Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Marta Confalonieri
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, via Venezia 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Porzionato
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, via A. Gabelli 65, 35121 Padova, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Regione Veneto, via N. Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Piero Giovanni Pavan
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, via Venezia 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
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6
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Development of Two-Layer Hybrid Scaffolds Based on Oxidized Polyvinyl Alcohol and Bioactivated Chitosan Sponges for Tissue Engineering Purposes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012059. [PMID: 36292917 PMCID: PMC9603651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidized polyvinyl alcohol (OxPVA) is a new polymer for the fabrication of nerve conduits (NCs). Looking for OxPVA device optimization and coupling it with a natural sheath may boost bioactivity. Thus, OxPVA/chitosan sponges (ChS) as hybrid scaffolds were investigated to predict in the vivo behaviour of two-layered NCs. To encourage interaction with cells, ChS were functionalized with the self-assembling-peptide (SAP) EAK, without/with the laminin-derived sequences -IKVAV/-YIGSR. Thus, ChS and the hybrid scaffolds were characterized for mechanical properties, ultrastructure (Scanning Electron Microscopy, SEM), bioactivity, and biocompatibility. Regarding mechanical analysis, the peptide-free ChS showed the highest values of compressive modulus and maximum stress. However, among +EAK groups, ChS+EAK showed a significantly higher maximum stress than that found for ChS+EAK-IKVAV and ChS+EAK-YIGSR. Considering ultrastructure, microporous interconnections were tighter in both the OxPVA/ChS and +EAK groups than in the others; all the scaffolds induced SH-SY5Y cells’ adhesion/proliferation, with significant differences from day 7 and a higher total cell number for OxPVA/ChS+EAK scaffolds, in accordance with SEM. The scaffolds elicited only a slight inflammation after 14 days of subcutaneous implantation in Balb/c mice, proving biocompatibility. ChS porosity, EAK 3D features and neuro-friendly attitude (shared with IKVAV/YIGSR motifs) may confer to OxPVA certain bioactivity, laying the basis for future appealing NCs.
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Barbon S, Biccari A, Stocco E, Capovilla G, D’Angelo E, Todesco M, Sandrin D, Bagno A, Romanato F, Macchi V, De Caro R, Agostini M, Merigliano S, Valmasoni M, Porzionato A. Bio-Engineered Scaffolds Derived from Decellularized Human Esophagus for Functional Organ Reconstruction. Cells 2022; 11:cells11192945. [PMID: 36230907 PMCID: PMC9563623 DOI: 10.3390/cells11192945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal reconstruction through bio-engineered allografts that highly resemble the peculiar properties of the tissue extracellular matrix (ECM) is a prospective strategy to overcome the limitations of current surgical approaches. In this work, human esophagus was decellularized for the first time in the literature by comparing three detergent-enzymatic protocols. After decellularization, residual DNA quantification and histological analyses showed that all protocols efficiently removed cells, DNA (<50 ng/mg of tissue) and muscle fibers, preserving collagen/elastin components. The glycosaminoglycan fraction was maintained (70–98%) in the decellularized versus native tissues, while immunohistochemistry showed unchanged expression of specific ECM markers (collagen IV, laminin). The proteomic signature of acellular esophagi corroborated the retention of structural collagens, basement membrane and matrix–cell interaction proteins. Conversely, decellularization led to the loss of HLA-DR expression, producing non-immunogenic allografts. According to hydroxyproline quantification, matrix collagen was preserved (2–6 µg/mg of tissue) after decellularization, while Second-Harmonic Generation imaging highlighted a decrease in collagen intensity. Based on uniaxial tensile tests, decellularization affected tissue stiffness, but sample integrity/manipulability was still maintained. Finally, the cytotoxicity test revealed that no harmful remnants/contaminants were present on acellular esophageal matrices, suggesting allograft biosafety. Despite the different outcomes showed by the three decellularization methods (regarding, for example, tissue manipulability, DNA removal, and glycosaminoglycans/hydroxyproline contents) the ultimate validation should be provided by future repopulation tests and in vivo orthotopic implant of esophageal scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Barbon
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Foundation for Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering and Signaling—TES, Onlus, 35136 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Biccari
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Department of Surgical Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Stocco
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Foundation for Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering and Signaling—TES, Onlus, 35136 Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Capovilla
- Department of Surgical Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Edoardo D’Angelo
- Department of Surgical Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Martina Todesco
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Deborah Sandrin
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy “G. Galilei”, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Bagno
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Filippo Romanato
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy “G. Galilei”, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Veronica Macchi
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Caro
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Foundation for Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering and Signaling—TES, Onlus, 35136 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Agostini
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Department of Surgical Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-049-96-40-160
| | - Stefano Merigliano
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Department of Surgical Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Michele Valmasoni
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Department of Surgical Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Porzionato
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Foundation for Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering and Signaling—TES, Onlus, 35136 Padova, Italy
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8
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Camponogara F, Zanotti F, Trentini M, Tiengo E, Zanolla I, Pishavar E, Soliani E, Scatto M, Gargiulo P, Zambito Y, De Luca S, Ferroni L, Zavan B. Biomaterials for Regenerative Medicine in Italy: Brief State of the Art of the Principal Research Centers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158245. [PMID: 35897825 PMCID: PMC9368060 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine is the branch of medicine that effectively uses stem cell therapy and tissue engineering strategies to guide the healing or replacement of damaged tissues or organs. A crucial element is undoubtedly the biomaterial that guides biological events to restore tissue continuity. The polymers, natural or synthetic, find wide application thanks to their great adaptability. In fact, they can be used as principal components, coatings or vehicles to functionalize several biomaterials. There are many leading centers for the research and development of biomaterials in Italy. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current state of the art on polymer research for regenerative medicine purposes. The last five years of scientific production of the main Italian research centers has been screened to analyze the current advancement in tissue engineering in order to highlight inputs for the development of novel biomaterials and strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Camponogara
- Translational Medicine Department, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.C.); (F.Z.); (M.T.); (E.T.); (E.P.)
| | - Federica Zanotti
- Translational Medicine Department, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.C.); (F.Z.); (M.T.); (E.T.); (E.P.)
| | - Martina Trentini
- Translational Medicine Department, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.C.); (F.Z.); (M.T.); (E.T.); (E.P.)
| | - Elena Tiengo
- Translational Medicine Department, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.C.); (F.Z.); (M.T.); (E.T.); (E.P.)
| | - Ilaria Zanolla
- Medical Sciences Department, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Elham Pishavar
- Translational Medicine Department, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.C.); (F.Z.); (M.T.); (E.T.); (E.P.)
| | - Elisa Soliani
- Bioengineering Department, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK;
| | - Marco Scatto
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia, Italy;
| | - Paolo Gargiulo
- Institute for Biomedical and Neural Engineering, Reykjavík University, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland;
- Department of Science, Landspítali, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Ylenia Zambito
- Chemical Department, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Stefano De Luca
- Unit of Naples, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, National Research Council, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Letizia Ferroni
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy;
| | - Barbara Zavan
- Translational Medicine Department, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.C.); (F.Z.); (M.T.); (E.T.); (E.P.)
- Correspondence:
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9
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Collier CA, Mendiondo C, Raghavan S. Tissue engineering of the gastrointestinal tract: the historic path to translation. J Biol Eng 2022; 16:9. [PMID: 35379299 PMCID: PMC8981633 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-022-00289-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is imperative for multiple functions including digestion, nutrient absorption, and timely waste disposal. The central feature of the gut is peristalsis, intestinal motility, which facilitates all of its functions. Disruptions in GI motility lead to sub-optimal GI function, resulting in a lower quality of life in many functional GI disorders. Over the last two decades, tissue engineering research directed towards the intestine has progressed rapidly due to advances in cell and stem-cell biology, integrative physiology, bioengineering and biomaterials. Newer biomedical tools (including optical tools, machine learning, and nuanced regenerative engineering approaches) have expanded our understanding of the complex cellular communication within the GI tract that lead to its orchestrated physiological function. Bioengineering therefore can be utilized towards several translational aspects: (i) regenerative medicine to remedy/restore GI physiological function; (ii) in vitro model building to mimic the complex physiology for drug and pharmacology testing; (iii) tool development to continue to unravel multi-cell communication networks to integrate cell and organ-level physiology. Despite the significant strides made historically in GI tissue engineering, fundamental challenges remain including the quest for identifying autologous human cell sources, enhanced scaffolding biomaterials to increase biocompatibility while matching viscoelastic properties of the underlying tissue, and overall biomanufacturing. This review provides historic perspectives for how bioengineering has advanced over time, highlights newer advances in bioengineering strategies, and provides a realistic perspective on the path to translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia A Collier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, Emerging Technologies Building, 3120 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Christian Mendiondo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, Emerging Technologies Building, 3120 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Shreya Raghavan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, Emerging Technologies Building, 3120 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA. .,Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
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10
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Stocco E, Porzionato A, De Rose E, Barbon S, Caro RD, Macchi V. Meniscus regeneration by 3D printing technologies: Current advances and future perspectives. J Tissue Eng 2022; 13:20417314211065860. [PMID: 35096363 PMCID: PMC8793124 DOI: 10.1177/20417314211065860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Meniscal tears are a frequent orthopedic injury commonly managed by conservative
strategies to avoid osteoarthritis development descending from altered
biomechanics. Among cutting-edge approaches in tissue engineering, 3D printing
technologies are extremely promising guaranteeing for complex biomimetic
architectures mimicking native tissues. Considering the anisotropic
characteristics of the menisci, and the ability of printing over structural
control, it descends the intriguing potential of such vanguard techniques to
meet individual joints’ requirements within personalized medicine. This
literature review provides a state-of-the-art on 3D printing for meniscus
reconstruction. Experiences in printing materials/technologies, scaffold types,
augmentation strategies, cellular conditioning have been compared/discussed;
outcomes of pre-clinical studies allowed for further considerations. To date,
translation to clinic of 3D printed meniscal devices is still a challenge:
meniscus reconstruction is once again clear expression of how the integration of
different expertise (e.g., anatomy, engineering, biomaterials science, cell
biology, and medicine) is required to successfully address native tissues
complexities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Stocco
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Porzionato
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria, Padova, Italy
| | - Enrico De Rose
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Barbon
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria, Padova, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Caro
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria, Padova, Italy
| | - Veronica Macchi
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria, Padova, Italy
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11
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Todros S, Barbon S, Stocco E, Favaron M, Macchi V, De Caro R, Porzionato A, Pavan PG. Time-dependent mechanical behavior of partially oxidized polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels for tissue engineering. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 125:104966. [PMID: 34798532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels are synthetic polymers which can be used as scaffolds for tissue engineering due to their biocompatibility and large water content. To improve their biodegradation properties, partial oxidation of PVA is achieved by means of different oxidizing agents, such as potassium permanganate, bromine and iodine. The effect of this process on hydrogels mechanical performance has not been fully investigated in view of tissue engineering applications. In this work, the time-dependent mechanical behavior of unmodified and partially oxidized PVA hydrogels is evaluated by means of uniaxial tensile and stress relaxation tests, to evaluate the effect of different oxidizing agents on the viscoelastic response. Tensile tests show an isotropic and almost-incompressible behavior, with a stiffness reduction after PVA oxidation. The time-dependent response of oxidized PVA is comparable to the one of unmodified PVA and is modeled as a quasi-linear viscoelastic behavior. Finite Element (FE) models of PVA samples are developed and numerical analyses are used to evaluate the effect of different strain rates on the mechanical response under uniaxial tension. This model can be exploited to predict the time-dependent mechanical behavior of partially oxidized PVA in tissue engineering application under tensile loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Todros
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Venezia 1, 35131, Padova, Italy; Centre for Mechanics of Biological Materials, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 9, 35131, Padova, Italy.
| | - Silvia Barbon
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Via A. Gabelli 65, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Stocco
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Via A. Gabelli 65, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Martina Favaron
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Venezia 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Veronica Macchi
- Centre for Mechanics of Biological Materials, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 9, 35131, Padova, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Via A. Gabelli 65, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Caro
- Centre for Mechanics of Biological Materials, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 9, 35131, Padova, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Via A. Gabelli 65, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Porzionato
- Centre for Mechanics of Biological Materials, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 9, 35131, Padova, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Via A. Gabelli 65, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Piero G Pavan
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Venezia 1, 35131, Padova, Italy; Centre for Mechanics of Biological Materials, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 9, 35131, Padova, Italy; Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città Della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127, Padova, Italy
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12
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Bioactivated Oxidized Polyvinyl Alcohol towards Next-Generation Nerve Conduits Development. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13193372. [PMID: 34641183 PMCID: PMC8512895 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The limitations and difficulties that nerve autografts create in normal nerve function recovery after injury is driving research towards using smart materials for next generation nerve conduits (NCs) setup. Here, the new polymer partially oxidized polyvinyl alcohol (OxPVA) was assayed to verify its future potential as a bioactivated platform for advanced/effective NCs. OxPVA-patterned scaffolds (obtained by a 3D-printed mold) with/without biochemical cues (peptide IKVAV covalently bound (OxPVA-IKVAV) or self-assembling peptide EAK (sequence: AEAEAKAKAEAEAKAK), mechanically incorporated (OxPVA+EAK) versus non-bioactivated scaffold (peptide-free OxPVA (PF-OxPVA) supports, OxPVA without IKVAV and OxPVA without EAK control scaffolds) were compared for their biological effect on neuronal SH-SY5Y cells. After cell seeding, adhesion/proliferation, mediated by (a) precise control over scaffolds surface ultrastructure; (b) functionalization efficacy guaranteed by bioactive cues (IKVAV/EAK), was investigated by MTT assay at 3, 7, 14 and 21 days. As shown by the results, the patterned groove alone stimulates colonization by cells; however, differences were observed when comparing the scaffold types over time. In the long period (21 days), patterned OxPVA+EAK scaffolds distinguished in bioactivity, assuring a significantly higher total cell amount than the other groups. Experimental evidence suggests patterned OxPVA-EAK potential for NCs device fabrication.
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13
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Vomhof-DeKrey EE, Lansing JT, Darland DC, Umthun J, Stover AD, Brown C, Basson MD. Loss of Slfn3 induces a sex-dependent repair vulnerability after 50% bowel resection. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 320:G136-G152. [PMID: 33237796 PMCID: PMC7864235 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00344.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bowel resection accelerates enterocyte proliferation in the remaining gut with suboptimal absorptive and digestive capacity because of a proliferation-associated decrease in functional differentiation markers. We hypothesized that although schlafen 3 (Slfn3) is an important regulator of enterocytic differentiation, Slfn3 would have less impact on bowel resection adaptation, where accelerated proliferation takes priority over differentiation. We assessed proliferation, cell shedding, and enterocyte differentiation markers from resected and postoperative bowel of wild-type (WT) and Slfn3-knockout (Slfn3KO) mice. Villus length and crypt depth were increased in WT mice and were even longer in Slfn3KO mice. Mitotic marker, Phh3+, and the proliferation markers Lgr5, FoxL1, and platelet-derived growth factor-α (PDGFRα) were increased after resection in male WT, but this was blunted in male Slfn3KO mice. Cell-shedding regulators Villin1 and TNFα were downregulated in female mice and male WT mice only, whereas Gelsolin and EGFR increased expression in all mice. Slfn3 expression increased after resection in WT mice, whereas other Slfn family members 1, 2, 5, 8, and 9 had varied expressions that were affected also by sex difference and loss of Slfn3. Differentiation markers sucrase isomaltase, Dpp4, Glut2, and SGLT1 were all decreased, suggesting that enterocytic differentiation effort is incompatible with rapid proliferation shift in intestinal adaptation. Slfn3 absence potentiates villus length and crypt depth, suggesting that the differentiating stimulus of Slfn3 signaling may restrain mucosal mass increase through regulating Villin1, Gelsolin, EGFR, TNFα, and proliferation markers. Therefore, Slfn3 may be an important regulator not only of "normal" enterocytic differentiation but also in response to bowel resection.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The differentiating stimulus of Slfn3 signaling restrains an increase in mucosal mass after bowel resection, and there is a Slfn3-sex interaction regulating differentiation gene expression and intestinal adaptation. This current study highlights the combinatory effects of gender and Slfn3 genotype on the gene expression changes that contribute to the adaptation in intestinal cellular milleu (i.e. villus and crypt structure) which are utilized to compensate for the stress-healing response that the animals display in intestinal adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie E Vomhof-DeKrey
- Departments of Surgery, Pathology, and Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and the Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota
| | - Jack T Lansing
- Departments of Surgery, Pathology, and Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and the Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota
| | - Diane C Darland
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota
| | - Josey Umthun
- Departments of Surgery, Pathology, and Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and the Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota
| | - Allie D Stover
- Departments of Surgery, Pathology, and Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and the Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota
| | - Christopher Brown
- Departments of Surgery, Pathology, and Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and the Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota
| | - Marc D Basson
- Departments of Surgery, Pathology, and Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and the Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota
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14
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Qi D, Shi W, Black AR, Kuss MA, Pang X, He Y, Liu B, Duan B. Repair and regeneration of small intestine: A review of current engineering approaches. Biomaterials 2020; 240:119832. [PMID: 32113114 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.119832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The small intestine (SI) is difficult to regenerate or reconstruct due to its complex structure and functions. Recent developments in stem cell research, advanced engineering technologies, and regenerative medicine strategies bring new hope of solving clinical problems of the SI. This review will first summarize the structure, function, development, cell types, and matrix components of the SI. Then, the major cell sources for SI regeneration are introduced, and state-of-the-art biofabrication technologies for generating engineered SI tissues or models are overviewed. Furthermore, in vitro models and in vivo transplantation, based on intestinal organoids and tissue engineering, are highlighted. Finally, current challenges and future perspectives are discussed to help direct future applications for SI repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianjun Qi
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Wen Shi
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Adrian R Black
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Mitchell A Kuss
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Xining Pang
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Department of Academician Expert Workstation and Liaoning Province Human Amniotic Membrane Dressings Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Engineering Research Center, Shenyang Amnion Biological Engineering Technology Research and Development Center Co., Ltd, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yini He
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Bin Duan
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
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15
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Barbon S, Stocco E, Dalzoppo D, Todros S, Canale A, Boscolo-Berto R, Pavan P, Macchi V, Grandi C, De Caro R, Porzionato A. Halogen-Mediated Partial Oxidation of Polyvinyl Alcohol for Tissue Engineering Purposes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E801. [PMID: 31991838 PMCID: PMC7038068 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Partial oxidation of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with potassium permanganate turned out to be an efficient method to fabricate smart scaffolds for tissue engineering, endowed with biodegradation and protein delivery capacity. This work considered for the first time the use of halogens (bromine, chlorine and iodine) as less aggressive agents than potassium permanganate to perform controlled PVA oxidation, in order to prevent degradation of polymer molecular size upon chemical modification. Oxidized PVA solutions were chemically characterized (i.e., dinitrophenylhydrazine assay, viscosity measurements, molecular size distribution) before preparing physically cross-linked hydrogels. Scaffolds were assessed for their mechanical properties and cell/tissue biocompatibiliy through cytotoxic extract test on IMR-90 fibroblasts and subcutaneous implantation into BALB/c mice. According to chemical investigations, bromine and iodine allowed for minor alteration of polymer molecular weight. Uniaxial tensile tests demonstrated that oxidized scaffolds had decreased mechanical resistance to deformation, suggesting tunable hydrogel stiffness. Finally, oxidized hydrogels exhibited high biocompatibility both in vitro and in vivo, resulting neither to be cytotoxic nor to elicit severe immunitary host reaction in comparison with atoxic PVA. In conclusion, PVA hydrogels oxidized by halogens were successfully fabricated in the effort of adapting polymer characteristics to specific tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Barbon
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Via A. Gabelli 65, 35121 Padova, Italy; (S.B.); (E.S.); (R.B.-B.); (V.M.); (A.P.)
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Via N. Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Stocco
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Via A. Gabelli 65, 35121 Padova, Italy; (S.B.); (E.S.); (R.B.-B.); (V.M.); (A.P.)
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Via N. Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Daniele Dalzoppo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35128 Padova, Italy; (D.D.); (C.G.)
| | - Silvia Todros
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Centre for Mechanics of Biological Materials, University of Padova, Via Venezia 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.T.); (P.P.)
| | - Antonio Canale
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Padova, Via C. Battisti 241, 35121 Padova, Italy;
| | - Rafael Boscolo-Berto
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Via A. Gabelli 65, 35121 Padova, Italy; (S.B.); (E.S.); (R.B.-B.); (V.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Piero Pavan
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Centre for Mechanics of Biological Materials, University of Padova, Via Venezia 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.T.); (P.P.)
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Veronica Macchi
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Via A. Gabelli 65, 35121 Padova, Italy; (S.B.); (E.S.); (R.B.-B.); (V.M.); (A.P.)
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Via N. Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Claudio Grandi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35128 Padova, Italy; (D.D.); (C.G.)
- Foundation for Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering and Signaling (T.E.S.) Onlus, 35030 Padova, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Caro
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Via A. Gabelli 65, 35121 Padova, Italy; (S.B.); (E.S.); (R.B.-B.); (V.M.); (A.P.)
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Via N. Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Porzionato
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Via A. Gabelli 65, 35121 Padova, Italy; (S.B.); (E.S.); (R.B.-B.); (V.M.); (A.P.)
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Via N. Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
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16
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Stocco E, Barbon S, Piccione M, Belluzzi E, Petrelli L, Pozzuoli A, Ramonda R, Rossato M, Favero M, Ruggieri P, Porzionato A, Di Liddo R, De Caro R, Macchi V. Infrapatellar Fat Pad Stem Cells Responsiveness to Microenvironment in Osteoarthritis: From Morphology to Function. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:323. [PMID: 31921840 PMCID: PMC6914674 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) has been considered as a source of stem cells for cartilage regeneration in osteoarthritis (OA) due to their ability for differentiation into chondrocytes. However, stressful conditions, like that related to OA, may induce a pathogenic reprograming. The aim of this study was to characterize the structural and functional properties of a new population of stem cells isolated from osteoarthritic infrapatellar fat pad (OA-IFP). Nine OA patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) were enrolled in this study [median age = 74 years, interquartile range (IQR) = 78.25-67.7; median body mass index = 29.4 Kg/m2, IQR = 31.7-27.4]. OA-IFP stem cells were isolated and characterized for morphology, stemness, metabolic profile and multi-differentiative potential by transmission electron microscopy, flow cytometric analysis, gene expression study and cytochemistry. OA-IFP stem cells displayed a spindle-like morphology, self-renewal potential and responsiveness (CD44, CD105, VEGFR2, FGFR2, IL1R, and IL6R) to microenvironmental stimuli. Characterized by high grade of stemness (STAT3, NOTCH1, c-Myc, OCT-4, KLF4, and NANOG), the cells showed peculiar immunophenotypic properties (CD73+/CD39+/CD90+/CD105+/CD44–/+/CD45–). The expression of HLA-DR, CD34, Fas and FasL was indicative of a possible phenotypic reprograming induced by inflammation. Moreover, the response to mechanical stimuli together with high expression level of COL1A1 gene, suggested their possible protective response against in vivo mechanical overloading. Conversely, the low expression of CD38/NADase was indicative of their inability to counteract NAD+-mediated OA inflammation. Based on the ultrastructural, immunophenotypic and functional characterization, OA-IFP stem cells were hypothesized to be primed by the pathological environment and to exert incomplete protective activity from OA inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Stocco
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.,LifeLab Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Padua, Italy.,Foundation for Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering and Signaling ONLUS, Padua, Italy
| | - Silvia Barbon
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.,LifeLab Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Padua, Italy.,Foundation for Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering and Signaling ONLUS, Padua, Italy
| | - Monica Piccione
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Elisa Belluzzi
- Musculoskeletal Pathology and Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology DiSCOG, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.,Department of Orthopaedics and Orthopaedic Oncology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Lucia Petrelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Assunta Pozzuoli
- Musculoskeletal Pathology and Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology DiSCOG, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.,Department of Orthopaedics and Orthopaedic Oncology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Roberta Ramonda
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine - DIMED, University Hospital of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Marco Rossato
- Clinica Medica 3, Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Marta Favero
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine - DIMED, University Hospital of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Pietro Ruggieri
- Department of Orthopaedics and Orthopaedic Oncology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Porzionato
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.,LifeLab Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Padua, Italy
| | - Rosa Di Liddo
- Foundation for Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering and Signaling ONLUS, Padua, Italy.,Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Caro
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.,LifeLab Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Padua, Italy
| | - Veronica Macchi
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.,LifeLab Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Padua, Italy
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Tissue-Engineered Grafts from Human Decellularized Extracellular Matrices: A Systematic Review and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19124117. [PMID: 30567407 PMCID: PMC6321114 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine involve many different artificial and biologic materials, frequently integrated in composite scaffolds, which can be repopulated with various cell types. One of the most promising scaffolds is decellularized allogeneic extracellular matrix (ECM) then recellularized by autologous or stem cells, in order to develop fully personalized clinical approaches. Decellularization protocols have to efficiently remove immunogenic cellular materials, maintaining the nonimmunogenic ECM, which is endowed with specific inductive/differentiating actions due to its architecture and bioactive factors. In the present paper, we review the available literature about the development of grafts from decellularized human tissues/organs. Human tissues may be obtained not only from surgery but also from cadavers, suggesting possible development of Human Tissue BioBanks from body donation programs. Many human tissues/organs have been decellularized for tissue engineering purposes, such as cartilage, bone, skeletal muscle, tendons, adipose tissue, heart, vessels, lung, dental pulp, intestine, liver, pancreas, kidney, gonads, uterus, childbirth products, cornea, and peripheral nerves. In vitro recellularizations have been reported with various cell types and procedures (seeding, injection, and perfusion). Conversely, studies about in vivo behaviour are poorly represented. Actually, the future challenge will be the development of human grafts to be implanted fully restored in all their structural/functional aspects.
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