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Wei BR, Zhao YJ, Cheng YF, Huang C, Zhang F. Helicobacter pylori infection and Parkinson's Disease: etiology, pathogenesis and levodopa bioavailability. Immun Ageing 2024; 21:1. [PMID: 38166953 PMCID: PMC10759355 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-023-00404-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disorder with an unknown etiology, is primarily characterized by the degeneration of dopamine (DA) neurons. The prevalence of PD has experienced a significant surge in recent years. The unidentified etiology poses limitations to the development of effective therapeutic interventions for this condition. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has affected approximately half of the global population. Mounting evidences suggest that H. pylori infection plays an important role in PD through various mechanisms. The autotoxin produced by H. pylori induces pro-inflammatory cytokines release, thereby facilitating the occurrence of central inflammation that leads to neuronal damage. Simultaneously, H. pylori disrupts the equilibrium of gastrointestinal microbiota with an overgrowth of bacteria in the small intestinal known as small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). This dysbiosis of the gut flora influences the central nervous system (CNS) through microbiome-gut-brain axis. Moreover, SIBO hampers levodopa absorption and affects its therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of PD. Also, H. pylori promotes the production of defensins to regulate the permeability of the blood-brain barrier, facilitating the entry of harmful factors into the CNS. In addition, H. pylori has been found to induce gastroparesis, resulting in a prolonged transit time for levodopa to reach the small intestine. H. pylori may exploit levodopa to facilitate its own growth and proliferation, or it can inflict damage to the gastrointestinal mucosa, leading to gastrointestinal ulcers and impeding levodopa absorption. Here, this review focused on the role of H. pylori infection in PD from etiology, pathogenesis to levodopa bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bang-Rong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and Laboratory Animal Centre, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yu-Jia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and Laboratory Animal Centre, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yu-Feng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and Laboratory Animal Centre, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Chun Huang
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and Laboratory Animal Centre, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.
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Han N, Jiang W, Li G, Lu L, Shan J, Feng L, Jin L. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound at ST36 improves the gastric motility by TNF-α/IKKβ/NF-κB signaling pathway in diabetic rats. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 38:2018-2026. [PMID: 37581362 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) can effectively regulate the central and peripheral nervous system. However, whether LIPUS could act on acupuncture points to modulate the activity of peripheral nervous has rarely been studied. Our study aimed to investigate whether LIPUS at ST36 could improve gastric emptying in diabetic gastroparesis rats. METHODS Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into three groups: control group (CON), diabetic gastroparesis group (DM), and diabetic gastroparesis LIPUS treated group (LIPUS). The body weight and blood glucose were recorded every week. Glucose tolerance, gastric emptying rate, and gastric motility were measured before and after treatment. Gastric motility was assessed by ultrasonic examination and Muscle strip experiment. The expression level of c-Kit was assessed by immunohistochemistry staining. Levels of TNF-α, p-NF-κB p-65, NF-κB p-65, and p-IKKβ, IKKβ were measured by western blot. RESULTS We reported LIPUS at an intensity of 0.88 W/cm2 exhibited significant differences in functional recovery of gastric delayed emptying in diabetic rats. Through ultrasound gastric motility functional testing and analysis of gastric antral smooth muscle strips indirectly and directly proved the effectiveness of LIPUS for the recovery of gastric delayed emptying. Pathological analysis and western blot indicated that the mechanism by which LIPUS applied to ST36 improved gastric motility may be partially attributed to the inhibition of the TNF-α/IKKβ/NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby rescuing the damaged interstitial cells of Cajal network. CONCLUSION LIPUS at ST36 improved the gastric motility and rescued the damaged networks of interstitial cells of Cajal. LIPUS may have a promising therapeutic potential for diabetic gastroparesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nie Han
- Department of Ultrasound, Guanghua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijun Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guanghua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanheng Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Guanghua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingling Lu
- Department of Ultrasound, Guanghua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiali Shan
- Department of Ultrasound, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Feng
- Department of Ultrasound, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Jin
- Department of Ultrasound, Guanghua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Kim MJ, Lee S, Kim SN. Effects of acupuncture on gastrointestinal diseases and its underlying mechanism: a literature review of animal studies. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1167356. [PMID: 37351066 PMCID: PMC10282137 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1167356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Acupuncture is a non-pharmacological traditional Chinese medical technique that has been used for various types of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases in Eastern medicine. However, the specific mechanisms underlying acupuncture treatment in the GI tract have not yet been elucidated. In this study, we searched the electronic databases PUBMED, EMBASE, and MEDLINE and identified 30 eligible studies that were summarized in this review. This review demonstrates that treatments, including both manual and electroacupuncture, have therapeutic mechanisms in diverse GI diseases. The underlying mechanisms are broadly divided into the following: changes in gene expression in the gastric mucosa or nuclei of the solitary tract, metabolic change induction, regulation of anti-inflammatory substances, vagal activity increase, change in functional connectivity between brain regions, and control of the number of neurons related to GI diseases. Although this study is limited in that it does not represent all types of GI diseases with different acupuncture methods, this study identified acupuncture as effective for GI diseases through various biological mechanisms. We hope that our study will reveal various mechanisms of acupuncture in GI diseases and play an important role in the therapy and treatment of GI diseases, thus advancing the field of study.
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Wang Y, Han J, Zhu J, Zhang M, Ju M, Du Y, Tian Z. GluN2A/ERK/CREB Signaling Pathway Involved in Electroacupuncture Regulating Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Hyperactivity. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:703044. [PMID: 34658758 PMCID: PMC8514998 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.703044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis caused by stress will inevitably disrupt the homeostasis of the neuroendocrine system and damage physiological functions. It has been demonstrated that electroacupuncture (EA) can modulate HPA axis hyperactivity during the perioperative period. As the initiating factor of the HPA axis, hypothalamic corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) is the critical molecule affected by EA. However, the mechanism by which EA reduces CRH synthesis and secretion remains unclear. Activated N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) has been linked to over-secretion of hypothalamic CRH induced by stress. To determine whether NMDAR is involved in EA regulating the over-expression of CRH, a surgical model of partial hepatectomy (HT) was established in our experiment. The effect of EA on hypothalamic NMDAR expression in HT mice was examined. Then, we investigated whether the extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK)/cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein (CREB) signaling pathway mediated by NMDAR was involved in EA regulating HPA axis hyperactivity. It was found that surgery enhanced the expression of hypothalamic CRH and caused HPA axis hyperactivity. Intriguingly, EA effectively suppressed the expression of CRH and decreased the activation of GluN2A (NMDAR subunit), ERK, and CREB in HT mice. GluN2A, ERK, and CREB antagonists had similar effects on normalizing the expression of CRH and HPA axis function compared with EA. Our findings suggested that surgery enhanced the activation of the hypothalamic GluN2A/ERK/CREB signaling pathway, thus promoting the synthesis and secretion of CRH. EA suppressed the phosphorylation of GluN2A, ERK, and CREB in mice that had undergone surgery, indicating that the GluN2A/ERK/CREB signaling pathway was involved in EA alleviating HPA axis hyperactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mizhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minda Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueshan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhanzhuang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Liu B, Dong J, Wang S, Yu H, Li Z, Sun P, Zhao L. Helicobacter pylori causes delayed gastric emptying by decreasing interstitial cells of Cajal. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:663. [PMID: 33986828 PMCID: PMC8111862 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection is one of the most frequent bacterial infections in humans and is associated with the pathogenesis of gastric motility disorders such as delayed gastric emptying (DGE). Although HP infection is considered to delay gastric emptying, there has been little research on the underlying mechanism. Gastric motility involves interactions among gastrointestinal hormones, smooth muscle, enteric and extrinsic autonomic nerves and interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs), and ICCs play an important role in gastrointestinal motility. Mutation or loss of stem cell factor (SCF) expression is known to reduce the number of ICCs or alter the integrity of the ICC network, contributing to gastrointestinal dysmotility. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether a reduction in ICCs contributes to the DGE caused by HP. A mouse model of HP infection was established and gastric emptying was compared between HP-infected and uninfected mice using the bead method. In addition, ICC counts and SCF expression levels in gastric tissue were evaluated using immunohistochemistry and western blotting, respectively. The results revealed that gastric emptying was significantly slower, the number of ICCs in gastric tissue was significantly reduced and the protein level of SCF in gastric tissue was significantly decreased in HP-infected mice compared with uninfected mice. Therefore, it may be concluded that HP reduced the number of ICCs by decreasing the expression of SCF protein in gastric tissue, thereby causing DGE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China.,Department of General Surgery, Changqing District People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250300, P.R. China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
| | - Jun Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Changqing District People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250300, P.R. China
| | - Shasha Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
| | - Haining Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
| | - Zhongchao Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhao
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
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Wang H, Wang D, Li Z, Liu S, Dong J, Zhang J, Wang H, Wang M, Ji B, Li Y. Electroacupuncture stimulation at BL20, BL23 and SP6 prevents hind limb unloading-induced osteoporosis in rats. Acupunct Med 2021; 39:656-662. [PMID: 33715459 DOI: 10.1177/0964528421995494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone loss induced by microgravity is a serious problem in space flight. However, the effects of acupuncture stimulation on osteoporosis induced by microgravity have not been studied. With the goal of developing an effective countermeasure, our aim was to evaluate the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation at BL20, BL23, and SP6 on osteoporosis induced by simulated microgravity in rats. METHODS Thirty male Wistar rats (aged 10 weeks) were randomly divided into three groups: healthy control group (CON, n = 10), hind limb unloading by tail-suspension group (T-S, n = 10), and EA treatment group (TRE, n = 10). Rats in the T-S and TRE groups were subjected to tail-suspension at -30° for 30 days, while the CON group experienced freedom of activity. In this period, the TRE group received EA treatment at BL20, BL23, and SP6 for 30 min every other day, which continued for 30 days. The microarchitecture of the proximal tibia and the biomechanical features of the femur in the rats were analyzed. In addition, the levels of serum biomarkers bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) and osteocalcin (BGP) were measured. RESULTS Compared with the CON group, the value of bone volume/total volume (BV/TV) and trabecular number (Tb.N) of the tibias in the TRE group remarkably decreased (p < 0.01). However, these changes were markedly less than those of the T-S group after 4 weeks of EA treatment (p < 0.05). Moreover, the serum concentration of BGP in the TRE group was also significantly higher than that of the T-S group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that EA stimulation at BL20, BL23, and SP6 retards osteoporosis induced by hind limb unloading in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghui Wang
- State Key Lab of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China.,The Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Desheng Wang
- State Key Lab of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhili Li
- State Key Lab of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Shujuan Liu
- State Key Lab of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Lintong Aeromedical Evaluation and Training Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- State Key Lab of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Huijuan Wang
- State Key Lab of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Minjie Wang
- Beijing Jingmei Group General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Ji
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yinghui Li
- State Key Lab of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
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