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Arfaoui A, Rojo-Bezares B, Fethi M, López M, Toledano P, Sayem N, Ben Khelifa Melki S, Ouzari HI, Klibi N, Sáenz Y. Molecular characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from diabetic foot infections in Tunisia. J Med Microbiol 2024; 73. [PMID: 38963417 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an invasive organism that frequently causes severe tissue damage in diabetic foot ulcers.Gap statement. The characterisation of P. aeruginosa strains isolated from diabetic foot infections has not been carried out in Tunisia.Purpose. The aim was to determine the prevalence of P. aeruginosa isolated from patients with diabetic foot infections (DFIs) in Tunisia and to characterize their resistance, virulence and molecular typing.Methods. Patients with DFIs admitted to the diabetes department of the International Hospital Centre of Tunisia, from September 2019 to April 2021, were included in this prospective study. P. aeruginosa were obtained from the wound swabs, aspiration and soft tissue biopsies during routine clinical care and were confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing, serotyping, integron and OprD characterization, virulence, biofilm production, pigment quantification, elastase activity and molecular typing were analysed in all recovered P. aeruginosa isolates by phenotypic tests, specific PCRs, sequencing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing.Results. Sixteen P. aeruginosa isolates (16.3 %) were recovered from 98 samples of 78 diabetic patients and were classified into 6 serotypes (O:11 the most frequent), 11 different PFGE patterns and 10 sequence types (three of them new ones). The high-risk clone ST235 was found in two isolates. The highest resistance percentages were observed to netilmicin (69 %) and cefepime (43.8 %). Four multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates (25 %) were detected, three of them being carbapenem-resistant. The ST235-MDR strain harboured the In51 class 1 integron (intI1 +aadA6+orfD+qacED1-sul1). According to the detection of 14 genes involved in virulence or quorum sensing, 5 virulotypes were observed, including 5 exoU-positive, 9 exoS-positive and 2 exoU/exoS-positive strains. The lasR gene was truncated by ISPpu21 insertion sequence in one isolate, and a deletion of 64 bp in the rhlR gene was detected in the ST235-MDR strain. Low biofilm, pyoverdine and elastase production were detected in all P. aeruginosa; however, the lasR-truncated strain showed a chronic infection phenotype characterized by loss of serotype-specific antigenicity, high production of phenazines and high biofilm formation.Conclusions. Our study demonstrated for the first time the prevalence and the molecular characterization of P. aeruginosa strains from DFIs in Tunisia, showing a high genetic diversity, moderate antimicrobial resistance, but a high number of virulence-related traits, highlighting their pathological importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameni Arfaoui
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Beatriz Rojo-Bezares
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
| | - Meha Fethi
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Maria López
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
| | - Paula Toledano
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
| | - Noureddine Sayem
- Service of Biology, Carthagene International Hospital of Tunisia, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Hadda-Imene Ouzari
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Naouel Klibi
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Yolanda Sáenz
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
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Zhang S, Tang S, Liu Z, Lv H, Cai X, Zhong R, Chen L, Zhang H. Baicalin restore intestinal damage after early-life antibiotic therapy: the role of the MAPK signaling pathway. Pharmacol Res 2024; 204:107194. [PMID: 38663526 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotic related intestinal injury in early life affects subsequent health and susceptibility. Here, we employed weaned piglets as a model to investigate the protective effects of baicalin against early-life antibiotic exposure-induced microbial dysbiosis. Piglets exposed to lincomycin showed a marked reduction in body weight (p < 0.05) and deterioration of jejunum intestinal morphology, alongside an increase in antibiotic-resistant bacteria such as Staphylococcus, Dolosicoccus, Escherichia-Shigella, and Raoultella. In contrast, baicalin treatment resulted in body weights, intestinal morphology, and microbial profiles that closely resembled those of the control group (p > 0.05), with a significant increase in norank_f_Muribaculaceae and Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group colonization compared with lincomycin group (p < 0.05). Further analysis through fecal microbial transplantation into mice revealed that lincomycin exposure led to significant alterations in intestinal morphology and microbial composition, notably increasing harmful microbes and decreasing beneficial ones such as norank_Muribaculaceae and Akkermansia (p < 0.05). This shift was associated with an increase in harmful metabolites and disruption of the calcium signaling pathway gene expression. Conversely, baicalin supplementation not only counteracted these effects but also enhanced beneficial metabolites and regulated genes within the MAPK signaling pathway (MAP3K11, MAP4K2, MAPK7, MAPK13) and calcium channel proteins (ORA13, CACNA1S, CACNA1F and CACNG8), suggesting a mechanism through which baicalin mitigates antibiotic-induced intestinal and microbial disturbances. These findings highlight baicalin's potential as a plant extract-based intervention for preventing antibiotic-related intestinal injury and offer new targets for therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunfen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shanlong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhengqun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Breeding and Biotechnology, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Animal Healthy Farming, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Huiyuan Lv
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Centre Biology Co., Ltd., Daxing District, Beijing 102218, China
| | - Xueying Cai
- Department of Critical Care, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Ruqing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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Frayman KB, Macowan M, Caparros-Martin J, Ranganathan SC, Marsland BJ. The longitudinal microbial and metabolic landscape of infant cystic fibrosis: the gut-lung axis. Eur Respir J 2024; 63:2302290. [PMID: 38485151 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02290-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM In cystic fibrosis, gastrointestinal dysfunction and lower airway infection occur early and are independently associated with poorer outcomes in childhood. This study aimed to define the relationship between the microbiota at each niche during the first 2 years of life, its association with growth and airway inflammation, and explanatory features in the metabolome. MATERIALS AND METHODS 67 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), 62 plasma and 105 stool samples were collected from 39 infants with cystic fibrosis between 0 and 24 months who were treated with prophylactic antibiotics. 16S rRNA amplicon and shotgun metagenomic sequencing were performed on BALF and stool samples, respectively; metabolomic analyses were performed on all sample types. Sequencing data from healthy age-matched infants were used as controls. RESULTS Bacterial diversity increased over the first 2 years in both BALF and stool, and microbial maturation was delayed in comparison to healthy controls from the RESONANCE cohort. Correlations between their respective abundance in both sites suggest stool may serve as a noninvasive alternative for detecting BALF Pseudomonas and Veillonella. Multisite metabolomic analyses revealed age- and growth-related changes, associations with neutrophilic airway inflammation, and a set of core systemic metabolites. BALF Pseudomonas abundance was correlated with altered stool microbiome composition and systemic metabolite alterations, highlighting a complex gut-plasma-lung interplay and new targets with therapeutic potential. CONCLUSION Exploration of the gut-lung microbiome and metabolome reveals diverse multisite interactions in cystic fibrosis that emerge in early life. Gut-lung metabolomic links with airway inflammation and Pseudomonas abundance warrant further investigation for clinical utility, particularly in non-expectorating patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine B Frayman
- Respiratory Diseases Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- K.B. Frayman and M. Macowan are joint first authors
| | - Matthew Macowan
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- K.B. Frayman and M. Macowan are joint first authors
| | | | - Sarath C Ranganathan
- Respiratory Diseases Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- S.C. Ranganathan and B.J. Marsland are joint last authors
| | - Benjamin J Marsland
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- S.C. Ranganathan and B.J. Marsland are joint last authors
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Rojo-Bezares B, Casado C, Ceniceros T, López M, Chichón G, Lozano C, Ruiz-Roldán L, Sáenz Y. Pseudomonas aeruginosa from river water: antimicrobial resistance, virulence and molecular typing. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2024; 100:fiae028. [PMID: 38444209 PMCID: PMC11004943 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiae028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were recovered from surface river water samples in La Rioja region (Spain) to characterise their antibiotic resistance, molecular typing and virulence mechanisms. Fifty-two P. aeruginosa isolates were isolated from 15 different water samples (45.4%) and belonged to 23 different pulsed-field electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns. All isolates were susceptible to all antibiotics tested, except one carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa that showed a premature stop codon in OprD porin. Twenty-two sequence types (STs) (six new ones) were detected among 29 selected P. aeruginosa (one strain with a different PFGE pattern per sample), with ST274 (14%) being the most frequent one. O:6 and O:3 were the predominant serotypes (31%). Seven virulotypes were detected, being 59% exoS-exoY-exoT-exoA-lasA-lasB-lasI-lasR-rhlAB-rhlI-rhlR-aprA-positive P. aeruginosa. It is noteworthy that the exlA gene was identified in three strains (10.3%), and the exoU gene in seven (24.1%), exoS in 18 (62.1%), and both exoS and exoU genes in one strain. High motility ranges were found in these strains. Twenty-seven per cent of strains produced more biofilm biomass, 90% more pyorubin, 83% more pyocyanin and 65.5% more than twice the elastase activity compared with the PAO1 strain. These results highlight the importance of rivers as temporary reservoirs and sources of P. aeruginosa transmission, and show the importance of their epidemiological surveillance in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Rojo-Bezares
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Cristina Casado
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Tania Ceniceros
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - María López
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Gabriela Chichón
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Carmen Lozano
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Lidia Ruiz-Roldán
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Yolanda Sáenz
- Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain
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Alqahtani A. Bacteriophage treatment as an alternative therapy for multidrug-resistant bacteria. Saudi Med J 2023; 44:1222-1231. [PMID: 38016738 PMCID: PMC10712800 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2023.44.12.20230366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria constitute one of the most serious global health threats. The increasing incidence rate of bacterial infections caused by MDR strains and the decrease in the number of newly developed antibiotics have prompted the scientific community to search for alternatives. One such alternative is the use of bacteriophages. In this review, we discuss the most critical MDR organisms, including Acinetobacter baumanni, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus The efficacy of phage therapy against MDR bacteria is also discussed. We included studies from the last 10 years that examined the efficacy of phage therapy against MDR pathogens. In addition, this review highlights the effect of bacteriophages against bacterial biofilms. The existing knowledge indicates that phage therapy is a potential therapeutic strategy against MDR bacteria. However, the adverse effects of phage therapy, such as toxicity, and the emergence of phage resistance have not yet been resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz Alqahtani
- From the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Park SC, Gillis-Crouch GR, Cox HL, Donohue L, Morse R, Vegesana K, Mathers AJ. Consecutive antibiotic shortages highlight discrepancies between microbiology and prescribing practices for intra-abdominal infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2023; 95:AAC.01980-20. [PMID: 33593836 PMCID: PMC8092895 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01980-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Piperacillin-tazobactam (TZP) is frequently used for intra-abdominal infection (IAI). Our institution experienced consecutive shortages of TZP and cefepime, providing an opportunity to review prescribing patterns and microbiology for IAI. Hospitalized adult patients treated for IAI, based on provider selection of IAI as the indication within the antibiotic order, between March 2014 and February 2018 were identified from the University of Virginia Clinical Data Repository and Infection Prevention and Control Database. Antimicrobial utilization, microbiologic data, and clinical outcomes were compared across four year-long periods: pre-shortage, TZP shortage, cefepime shortage, and post-shortage. There were 7,668 episodes of antimicrobial prescribing for an indication of IAI during the study period. Cefepime use for IAI increased 190% during the TZP shortage; meanwhile ceftriaxone use increased by only 57%. There was no increase in in-house mortality, colonization with resistant organisms, or Clostridiodes difficile infection among patients treated with IAI during the shortage periods. Among a subset of cases randomly selected for review, Pseudomonas sp. was a rare cause of IAI, but anti-pseudomonal antibiotics were commonly prescribed empirically. We observed a large increase in cefepime utilization for IAI during a TZP shortage that was not warranted based on the observed frequency of identification of Pseudomonas sp. as the causative organism in IAI, suggesting a need to revisit national guideline recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy C Park
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health. Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System. Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
| | - Grace R Gillis-Crouch
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health. Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System. Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Heather L Cox
- Department of Pharmacy Services, University of Virginia Health System. Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Lindsay Donohue
- Department of Pharmacy Services, University of Virginia Health System. Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Rena Morse
- Health Information & Technology, University of Virginia Health System. Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Kasi Vegesana
- Health Information & Technology, University of Virginia Health System. Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Amy J Mathers
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health. Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System. Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory. Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health System. Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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Asamenew T, Worku S, Motbainor H, Mekonnen D, Deribe A. Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Different Clinical Samples in Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Ethiop J Health Sci 2023; 33:423-432. [PMID: 37576170 PMCID: PMC10416326 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v33i3.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the leading causes of hospital-acquired infections and the most common antimicrobial-resistant pathogens. It is associated with a variety of infections. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of P. aeruginosa and its antimicrobial resistance profile from different clinical specimens at Debre Tabor Comprehensive Referral Hospital (DTCRH). Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from May to July 2022 at DTCRH. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Clinical samples (blood, wound swab, urine, and sputum) were collected from 348 study participants and processed following the standard bacteriological techniques. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 25 statistical software. Descriptive statistics was used to present the findings of the study. Results The prevalence of P.aeruginosa was 74(19.3%). The detection of the isolates was different based on the type of samples that ranged from 0% to 54.5% from sputum and wound swabs, respectively. P.aeruginosa showed resistance against gentamicin at 62.2%, ceftazidime 51.4%, cefepime 50%, amikacin 29.7%, imipenem 28.4% and ciprofloxacin 14.9%. The level of multi-drug resistance (MDR) was 45.9%, and the suspicious extreme-drug resistance (XDR) rate was 9.5%. Being inpatient and wound swab samples were factors associated with the detection of P.aeruginosa from clinical samples. Conclusion The antibiotic resistance profile of P. aeruginosa isolates in the present study area was found to be alarming. Actions to minimize the effect of antimicrobial resistance should be strengthened, and further large-scale study should be conducted to find out the main reasons behind antibiotic resistance of P.aeruginosa and other clinically relevant isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsigereda Asamenew
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Seble Worku
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Hilina Motbainor
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Mekonnen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
- Department of Health Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Institute, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Awoke Deribe
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
- Department of Health Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Institute, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
- Centre for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Janapatla RP, Dudek A, Chen CL, Chuang CH, Chien KY, Feng Y, Yeh YM, Wang YH, Chang HJ, Lee YC, Chiu CH. Marine prebiotics mediate decolonization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from gut by inhibiting secreted virulence factor interactions with mucins and enriching Bacteroides population. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:9. [PMID: 36732731 PMCID: PMC9896862 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00902-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudomonas aeruginosa intestinal carriage rates are significantly higher in immunosuppressed individuals and hospitalized patients who therefore have increased risk of infections and antibiotic-associated diarrhea. To combat intestinal dysbiosis and decolonize P. aeruginosa from gastrointestinal tract, we investigated the anti-adherence and gut microbiota modulation properties of marine prebiotic fucoidans. METHODS Proteomic analysis of culture supernatant was performed by LC-MS/MS. Using lectin-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, hemagglutinin domain interaction and inhibition with biomolecules were studied. We investigated the role of nutritional grade fucoidans in a mouse model and used 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing to examine fecal microbiota composition. RESULTS Analysis of culture supernatant proteins indicated the secretion of two-partner secretion (TPS) family proteins, including TpsA1/CdiA2 and TpsA2/CdiA1. Lectin like activity at the N-terminal of TpsA due to a conserved hemagglutinin domain (Pfam identifier [ID] PF05860) mediates binding to mucins that carry multiple fucosylated glycans. Fucose-rich sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidans) and sulfated dextrans were found to be potent inhibitors of the recombinant N-terminal hemagglutinin domain of TpsA (TpsA-NT-HAD) binding to mucins. In a mouse model, antibiotic-induced dysbiosis was essential for P. aeruginosa gastrointestinal colonization. After prophylactic oral fucoidans supplementation, a higher proportion (60%) of the mice were decolonized over time and resisted re-colonization, this was associated with remarkable expansion of Bacteroides (post-infection day-3 abundance, 29-50%) and consequential reductions in bloom of Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcaceae populations. In the non-supplemented group, Parabacteroides mediated recovery from dysbiosis but failed to decolonize P. aeruginosa. CONCLUSIONS Supplementing diet with marine prebiotic fucoidans can mediate earlier recovery from dysbiosis and decolonization of P. aeruginosa from gut by inhibiting secreted virulence factor (TpsA/CdiA) interaction with mucins and promoting the growth of beneficial Bacteroides population. We suggest the prophylactic use of nutritional grade fucoidans to decolonize P. aeruginosa from gastrointestinal tract of at-risk individuals to prevent infection and transmission of colonizing P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Prasad Janapatla
- grid.413801.f0000 0001 0711 0593Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Anna Dudek
- grid.413801.f0000 0001 0711 0593Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chyi-Liang Chen
- grid.413801.f0000 0001 0711 0593Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | | | - Kun-Yi Chien
- grid.145695.a0000 0004 1798 0922Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ye Feng
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInstitute for Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Ming Yeh
- grid.413801.f0000 0001 0711 0593Chang Gung Microbiota Therapy Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsin Wang
- grid.413801.f0000 0001 0711 0593Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ju Chang
- grid.413801.f0000 0001 0711 0593Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Chuan Lee
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Cheng-Hsun Chiu
- grid.413801.f0000 0001 0711 0593Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan ,grid.413801.f0000 0001 0711 0593Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Dehkordi SMH, Anvar SA, Rahimi E, Ahari H, Ataee M. Molecular investigation of prevalence, phenotypic and genotypic diversity, antibiotic resistance, frequency of virulence genes and genome sequencing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from lobster. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 382:109901. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Paprocka P, Durnaś B, Mańkowska A, Król G, Wollny T, Bucki R. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections in Cancer Patients. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11060679. [PMID: 35745533 PMCID: PMC9230571 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11060679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is one of the most frequent opportunistic microorganisms causing infections in oncological patients, especially those with neutropenia. Through its ability to adapt to difficult environmental conditions and high intrinsic resistance to antibiotics, it successfully adapts and survives in the hospital environment, causing sporadic infections and outbreaks. It produces a variety of virulence factors that damage host cells, evade host immune responses, and permit colonization and infections of hospitalized patients, who usually develop blood stream, respiratory, urinary tract and skin infections. The wide intrinsic and the increasing acquired resistance of P. aeruginosa to antibiotics make the treatment of infections caused by this microorganism a growing challenge. Although novel antibiotics expand the arsenal of antipseudomonal drugs, they do not show activity against all strains, e.g., MBL (metalo-β-lactamase) producers. Moreover, resistance to novel antibiotics has already emerged. Consequently, preventive methods such as limiting the transmission of resistant strains, active surveillance screening for MDR (multidrug-resistant) strains colonization, microbiological diagnostics, antimicrobial stewardship and antibiotic prophylaxis are of particular importance in cancer patients. Unfortunately, surveillance screening in the case of P. aeruginosa is not highly effective, and a fluoroquinolone prophylaxis in the era of increasing resistance to antibiotics is controversial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Paprocka
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, IX Wieków Kielc 19A, 25-317 Kielce, Poland; (P.P.); (B.D.); (A.M.); (G.K.)
| | - Bonita Durnaś
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, IX Wieków Kielc 19A, 25-317 Kielce, Poland; (P.P.); (B.D.); (A.M.); (G.K.)
| | - Angelika Mańkowska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, IX Wieków Kielc 19A, 25-317 Kielce, Poland; (P.P.); (B.D.); (A.M.); (G.K.)
| | - Grzegorz Król
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, IX Wieków Kielc 19A, 25-317 Kielce, Poland; (P.P.); (B.D.); (A.M.); (G.K.)
| | - Tomasz Wollny
- Holy Cross Oncology Center of Kielce, Artwińskiego 3, 25-734 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Robert Bucki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, IX Wieków Kielc 19A, 25-317 Kielce, Poland; (P.P.); (B.D.); (A.M.); (G.K.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Jana Kilińśkiego 1 Białystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-85-748-54-83
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11
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Mahmoud SF, Fayez M, Swelum AA, Alswat AS, Alkafafy M, Alzahrani OM, Alsunaini SJ, Almuslem A, Al Amer AS, Yusuf S. Genetic Diversity, Biofilm Formation, and Antibiotic Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Cow, Camel, and Mare with Clinical Endometritis. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9050239. [PMID: 35622767 PMCID: PMC9147788 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9050239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitous opportunistic bacterium that causes diseases in animals and humans. This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity, antimicrobial resistance, biofilm formation, and virulence and antibiotic resistance genes of P. aeruginosa isolated from the uterus of cow, camel, and mare with clinical endometritis and their drinking water. Among the 180 uterine swabs and 90 drinking water samples analysed, 54 (20%) P. aeruginosa isolates were recovered. Isolates were identified biochemically to the genus level by the automated Vitek 2 system and genetically by the amplification of the gyrB gene and the sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Multilocus sequence typing identified ten different sequence types for the P. aeruginosa isolates. The identification of ST2012 was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher than that of ST296, ST308, ST111, and ST241. The isolates exhibited significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased resistance to piperacillin (77.8%), ciprofloxacin (59.3%), gentamicin (50%), and ceftazidime (38.9%). Eight (14.8%) isolates showed resistance to imipenem; however, none of the isolates showed resistance to colistin. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed in 24 isolates (44.4%) with a multiple antibiotic resistance index ranging from 0.44 to 0.77. MDR was identified in 30 (33.3%) isolates. Furthermore, 38.8% and 9.2% of the isolates exhibited a positive extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL) and metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) phenotype, respectively. The most prevalent β-lactamase encoding genes were blaTEM and blaCTX-M, however, the blaIPM gene was not detected in any of the isolates. Biofilm formation was observed in 49 (90.7%) isolates classified as: 11.1% weak biofilm producers; 38.9% moderate biofilm producers; 40.7% strong biofilm producers. A positive correlation was observed between the MAR index and biofilm formation. In conclusion, the results highlighted that farm animals with clinical endometritis could act as a reservoir for MDR and virulent P. aeruginosa. The emergence of ESBLs and MBLs producing P. aeruginosa in different farm animals is a public health concern. Therefore, surveillance programs to monitor and control MDR P. aeruginosa in animals are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samy F. Mahmoud
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (S.F.M.); (A.S.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Mahmoud Fayez
- Al-Ahsa Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (S.J.A.); (A.A.); (A.S.A.A.)
- Department of Bacteriology, Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Cairo 12618, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Ayman A. Swelum
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
| | - Amal S. Alswat
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (S.F.M.); (A.S.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohamed Alkafafy
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (S.F.M.); (A.S.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Othman M. Alzahrani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Saleem J. Alsunaini
- Al-Ahsa Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (S.J.A.); (A.A.); (A.S.A.A.)
| | - Ahmed Almuslem
- Al-Ahsa Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (S.J.A.); (A.A.); (A.S.A.A.)
| | - Abdulaziz S. Al Amer
- Al-Ahsa Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (S.J.A.); (A.A.); (A.S.A.A.)
| | - Shaymaa Yusuf
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt;
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12
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Ruiz-Roldán L, Rojo-Bezares B, Lozano C, López M, Chichón G, Torres C, Sáenz Y. Occurrence of Pseudomonas spp. in Raw Vegetables: Molecular and Phenotypical Analysis of Their Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence-Related Traits. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12626. [PMID: 34884433 PMCID: PMC8657893 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas is characterized by its great capacity to colonize different ecological niches, but also by its antimicrobial resistance and pathogenicity, causing human, animal, or plant diseases. Raw and undercooked food is a potential carrier of foodborne disease. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of Pseudomonas spp. among raw vegetables, analysing their antimicrobial resistance, virulence, and molecular typing. A total of 163 Pseudomonas spp. isolates (12 different species) were recovered from 77 of the 145 analysed samples (53.1%) and were classified into 139 different pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns. Low antimicrobial resistance levels, but one multidrug-resistant isolate, were found. Among the 37 recovered P. aeruginosa strains, 28 sequence-types and nine serotypes were detected. Eleven OprD patterns and an insertion sequence (ISPa1635) truncating the oprD gene of one imipenem-resistant strain were found. Ten virulotypes were observed, including four exoU-positive and thirty-one exoS-positive strains. The lasR gene was absent in three ST155 strains and was truncated by different insertion sequences (ISPre2, IS1411, and ISPst7) in other three strains. High biofilm, motility, pigment, elastase, and rhamnolipid production were detected. Our study demonstrated a low occurrence of P. aeruginosa (18%) and low antimicrobial resistance, but a high number of virulence-related traits in these P. aeruginosa strains, highlighting their pathological importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Ruiz-Roldán
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Área de Microbiología Molecular, C/Piqueras 98, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (L.R.-R.); (B.R.-B.); (C.L.); (M.L.); (G.C.)
| | - Beatriz Rojo-Bezares
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Área de Microbiología Molecular, C/Piqueras 98, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (L.R.-R.); (B.R.-B.); (C.L.); (M.L.); (G.C.)
| | - Carmen Lozano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Área de Microbiología Molecular, C/Piqueras 98, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (L.R.-R.); (B.R.-B.); (C.L.); (M.L.); (G.C.)
| | - María López
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Área de Microbiología Molecular, C/Piqueras 98, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (L.R.-R.); (B.R.-B.); (C.L.); (M.L.); (G.C.)
| | - Gabriela Chichón
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Área de Microbiología Molecular, C/Piqueras 98, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (L.R.-R.); (B.R.-B.); (C.L.); (M.L.); (G.C.)
| | - Carmen Torres
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, C/Madre de Dios 51, 26006 Logroño, Spain;
| | - Yolanda Sáenz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Área de Microbiología Molecular, C/Piqueras 98, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (L.R.-R.); (B.R.-B.); (C.L.); (M.L.); (G.C.)
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13
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Díaz-Ríos C, Hernández M, Abad D, Álvarez-Montes L, Varsaki A, Iturbe D, Calvo J, Ocampo-Sosa AA. New Sequence Type ST3449 in Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from a Cystic Fibrosis Patient. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10050491. [PMID: 33922748 PMCID: PMC8146123 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10050491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most critical bacterial pathogens associated with chronic infections in cystic fibrosis patients. Here we show the phenotypic and genotypic characterization of five consecutive multidrug-resistant isolates of P. aeruginosa collected during a month from a CF patient with end-stage lung disease and fatal outcome. The isolates exhibited distinct colony morphologies and pigmentation and differences in their capacity to produce biofilm and virulence potential evaluated in larvae of Galleria mellonella. Whole genome-sequencing showed that isolates belonged to a novel sequence type ST3449 and serotype O6. Analysis of their resistome demonstrated the presence of genes blaOXA-396, blaPAO, aph(3')-IIb, catB, crpP and fosA and new mutations in chromosomal genes conferring resistance to different antipseudomonal antibiotics. Genes exoS, exoT, exoY, toxA, lasI, rhlI and tse1 were among the 220 virulence genes detected. The different phenotypic and genotypic features found reveal the adaptation of clone ST3449 to the CF lung environment by a number of mutations affecting genes related with biofilm formation, quorum sensing and antimicrobial resistance. Most of these mutations are commonly found in CF isolates, which may give us important clues for future development of new drug targets to combat P. aeruginosa chronic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Díaz-Ríos
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain; (C.D.-R.); (L.Á.-M.)
| | - Marta Hernández
- Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León (ITACyL), 47071 Valladolid, Spain; (M.H.); (D.A.)
| | - David Abad
- Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León (ITACyL), 47071 Valladolid, Spain; (M.H.); (D.A.)
| | - Laura Álvarez-Montes
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain; (C.D.-R.); (L.Á.-M.)
| | - Athanasia Varsaki
- Centro de Investigación y Formación Agraria (CIFA), 39600 Muriedas, Spain;
| | - David Iturbe
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, 39008 Santander, Spain;
| | - Jorge Calvo
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, 39008 Santander, Spain;
| | - Alain A. Ocampo-Sosa
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain; (C.D.-R.); (L.Á.-M.)
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, 39008 Santander, Spain;
- Correspondence:
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14
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González-Vázquez MC, Rocha-Gracia RDC, Carabarín-Lima A, Bello-López E, Huerta-Romano F, Martínez-Laguna Y, Lozano-Zarain P. Location of OprD porin in Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates. APMIS 2021; 129:213-224. [PMID: 33471435 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the main opportunistic pathogens causing severe infection. One of the mechanisms involved in the resistance to imipenem in clinical isolates is the loss of the OprD porin. Changes like substitutions, deletions, insertions, or mutations in the oprD gene can modify the conformation of OprD porin or inhibit its presence and generate resistance to carbapenems. The aim of this work was to obtain anti-OprD polyclonal antibodies and to determine by both immunofluorescence microscopy (IFI) and Western blot assays, the presence of the OprD porin in resistant-carbapenem P. aeruginosa strains with different changes in the oprD gene. Changes in the gene oprD were identified in clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa. When proteins were translated, several polymorphisms were found; however, these did not affect the presence of OprD porin (PCM25, PCM36, and PCM78). Also it was detected an insertion sequence ISPa1328 (PCM52) and a premature stop codon (PCM91), which inhibited the presence of the OprD porin. This study shows how changes in the oprD gene of P. aeruginosa clinical isolates affect the presence of the OprD porin detected by Western blot and indirect immunofluorescence assays using specific polyclonal anti-OprD antibodies generated in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Cristina González-Vázquez
- Instituto de Ciencias, Centro de Investigaciones de Ciencias Microbiológicas, Posgrado en Microbiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Rosa Del Carmen Rocha-Gracia
- Instituto de Ciencias, Centro de Investigaciones de Ciencias Microbiológicas, Posgrado en Microbiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Alejandro Carabarín-Lima
- Instituto de Ciencias, Centro de Investigaciones de Ciencias Microbiológicas, Posgrado en Microbiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México.,Instituto de Ciencias, Licenciatura en Biotecnología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Elena Bello-López
- Instituto de Ciencias, Centro de Investigaciones de Ciencias Microbiológicas, Posgrado en Microbiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | | | - Ygnacio Martínez-Laguna
- Instituto de Ciencias, Centro de Investigaciones de Ciencias Microbiológicas, Posgrado en Microbiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Patricia Lozano-Zarain
- Instituto de Ciencias, Centro de Investigaciones de Ciencias Microbiológicas, Posgrado en Microbiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
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15
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Balfour-Lynn IM. Environmental risks of Pseudomonas aeruginosa-What to advise patients and parents. J Cyst Fibros 2020; 20:17-24. [PMID: 33323351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PsA) is commonly found in soil and water so is impossible to avoid completely. Parents/carers of children with cystic fibrosis (CF) are concerned about them acquiring PsA from the environment, and different families view risk differently. Our ethos is to enable children with CF to take part as much as possible in educational and fun home activities, in order to maintain their quality of life (and their family's), and not have them feel different from other children. This review presents advice for families as to what they must definitely avoid, what they must take precautions with but can allow, and what they must not avoid. It is mostly evidence-based, but where evidence is lacking it a consensus view from the Paediatric CF Unit at the Royal Brompton Hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Balfour-Lynn
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney Street, London, SW3 6NP, UK.
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16
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Pappa O, Kefala AM, Tryfinopoulou K, Dimitriou M, Kostoulas K, Dioli C, Moraitou E, Panopoulou M, Vogiatzakis E, Mavridou A, Galanis A, Beloukas A. Molecular Epidemiology of Multi-Drug Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from Hospitalized Patients in Greece. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8111652. [PMID: 33114400 PMCID: PMC7693957 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates are one of the major causes of both hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) and community-acquired infections (CAIs). However, management of P. aeruginosa infections is difficult as the bacterium is inherently resistant to many antibiotics. In this study, a collection of 75 P. aeruginosa clinical isolates from two tertiary hospitals from Athens and Alexnadroupolis in Greece was studied to assess antimicrobial sensitivity and molecular epidemiology. All P. aeruginosa isolates were tested for susceptibility to 11 commonly used antibiotics, and the newly introduced Double Locus Sequence Typing (DLST) scheme was implemented to elucidate the predominant clones. The tested P. aeruginosa isolates presented various resistant phenotypes, with Verona Integron-Mediated Metallo-β-lactamase (VIM-2) mechanisms being the majority, and a new phenotype, FEPR-CAZS, being reported for the first time in Greek isolates. DLST revealed two predominant types, 32-39 and 8-37, and provided evidence for intra-hospital transmission of the 32-39 clone in one of the hospitals. The results indicate that DLST can be a valuable tool when local outbreaks demand immediate tracking investigation with limited time and financial resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Pappa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Egaleo, Greece; (A.M.K.); (M.D.); (C.D.); (A.M.)
- Central Public Health Laboratory, National Public Health Organization, 16672 Athens, Greece;
- Correspondence: or (O.P.); or (A.B.)
| | - Anastasia Maria Kefala
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Egaleo, Greece; (A.M.K.); (M.D.); (C.D.); (A.M.)
| | - Kyriaki Tryfinopoulou
- Central Public Health Laboratory, National Public Health Organization, 16672 Athens, Greece;
| | - Marios Dimitriou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Egaleo, Greece; (A.M.K.); (M.D.); (C.D.); (A.M.)
| | - Kostas Kostoulas
- Laboratory of Microbiology, ‘Sotiria’ General Hospital, 152 Mesogeion Avenue, 11527 Athens, Greece; (K.K.); (E.M.); (E.V.)
| | - Chrysa Dioli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Egaleo, Greece; (A.M.K.); (M.D.); (C.D.); (A.M.)
| | - Eleni Moraitou
- Laboratory of Microbiology, ‘Sotiria’ General Hospital, 152 Mesogeion Avenue, 11527 Athens, Greece; (K.K.); (E.M.); (E.V.)
| | - Maria Panopoulou
- Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
| | - Evaggelos Vogiatzakis
- Laboratory of Microbiology, ‘Sotiria’ General Hospital, 152 Mesogeion Avenue, 11527 Athens, Greece; (K.K.); (E.M.); (E.V.)
| | - Athena Mavridou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Egaleo, Greece; (A.M.K.); (M.D.); (C.D.); (A.M.)
| | - Alex Galanis
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Health Science School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
| | - Apostolos Beloukas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Egaleo, Greece; (A.M.K.); (M.D.); (C.D.); (A.M.)
- Institute of Infection & Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, UK
- Correspondence: or (O.P.); or (A.B.)
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17
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Rodrigues YC, Furlaneto IP, Maciel AHP, Quaresma AJPG, de Matos ECO, Conceição ML, Vieira MCDS, Brabo GLDC, Sarges EDSNF, Lima LNGC, Lima KVB. High prevalence of atypical virulotype and genetically diverse background among Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from a referral hospital in the Brazilian Amazon. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238741. [PMID: 32911510 PMCID: PMC7482967 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen causing different types of infections, particularly in intensive care unit patients. Characteristics that favor its persistence artificial environments are related to its high adaptability, wide arsenal of virulence factors and resistance to several antimicrobial classes. Among the several virulence determinants, T3SS stands as the most important due to the clinical impact of exoS and exoU genes in patient’s outcome. The molecular characterization of P. aeruginosa isolates helps in the comprehension of transmission dynamics and enhance knowledge of virulence and resistance roles in infection process. In the present study, we investigated virulence and resistance properties and the genetic background of P. aeruginosa isolated from ICUs patients at a referral hospital in Brazilian Amazon. A total of 54 P. aeruginosa isolates were characterized by detecting 19 virulence-related genes, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, molecular detection of β-lactamase-encoding genes and genotyping by MLST and rep-PCR. Our findings showed high prevalence of virulence-related markers, where 53.7% of the isolates presented at least 17 genes among the 19 investigated (P = 0.01). The rare exoS+/exoU+ cytotoxic virulotype was detected in 55.6% of isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed percentages of antibiotic resistance above 50% to carbapenems, cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones associated to MDR/XDR isolates. Isolates harboring both blaSPM-1 and blaOXA genes were also detected. Genotyping methods demonstrated a wide genetic diversity of strains spread among the different intensive care units, circulation of international MDR/XDR high-risk clones (ST111, ST235, ST244 and ST277) and emergence of seven novel MLST lineages. Finally, our findings highlight the circulation of strains with high virulence potential and resistance to antimicrobials and may be useful on comprehension of pathogenicity process, treatment guidance and establishment of strategies to control the spread of epidemic P. aeruginosa strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Corrêa Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Parasitária na Amazônia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Pará (UEPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
- * E-mail: (YCR); (KVBL)
| | - Ismari Perini Furlaneto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação em Saúde, Centro Universitário do Pará (CESUPA), Belém, Pará Brazil
| | - Arthur Henrique Pinto Maciel
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Seção de Bacteriologia e Micologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas (IEC), Ministério da Saúde, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | - Ana Judith Pires Garcia Quaresma
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Seção de Bacteriologia e Micologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas (IEC), Ministério da Saúde, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | - Eliseth Costa Oliveira de Matos
- Departamento de Patologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Pará (UEPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Marília Lima Conceição
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Parasitária na Amazônia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Pará (UEPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Cleyton da Silva Vieira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Seção de Bacteriologia e Micologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas (IEC), Ministério da Saúde, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | - Giulia Leão da Cunha Brabo
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Seção de Bacteriologia e Micologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas (IEC), Ministério da Saúde, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | | | - Luana Nepomuceno Godim Costa Lima
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Parasitária na Amazônia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Pará (UEPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Seção de Bacteriologia e Micologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas (IEC), Ministério da Saúde, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | - Karla Valéria Batista Lima
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Parasitária na Amazônia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Pará (UEPA), Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Seção de Bacteriologia e Micologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas (IEC), Ministério da Saúde, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
- * E-mail: (YCR); (KVBL)
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18
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Antimicrobial resistance and virulence of Pseudomonas spp. among healthy animals: concern about exolysin ExlA detection. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11667. [PMID: 32669597 PMCID: PMC7363818 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68575-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas is a ubiquitous genus that also causes human, animal and plant diseases. Most studies have focused on clinical P. aeruginosa strains from humans, but they are scarce on animal strains. This study was aimed to determine the occurrence of Pseudomonas spp. among faecal samples of healthy animals, and to analyse their antimicrobial resistance, and pathogenicity. Among 704 animal faecal samples analysed, 133 Pseudomonas spp. isolates (23 species) were recovered from 46 samples (6.5%), and classified in 75 different PFGE patterns. Low antimicrobial resistance levels were found, being the highest to aztreonam (50.3%). Five sequence-types (ST1648, ST1711, ST2096, ST2194, ST2252), two serotypes (O:3, O:6), and three virulotypes (analysing 15 virulence and quorum-sensing genes) were observed among the 9 P. aeruginosa strains. Type-3-Secretion System genes were absent in the six O:3-serotype strains that additionally showed high cytotoxicity and produced higher biofilm biomass, phenazine pigments and motility than PAO1 control strain. In these six strains, the exlAB locus, and other virulence genotypes (e.g. RGP69 pathogenicity island) exclusive of PA7 outliers were detected by whole genome sequencing. This is the first description of the presence of the ExlA exolysin in P. aeruginosa from healthy animals, highlighting their pathological importance.
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Madaha EL, Gonsu HK, Bughe RN, Fonkoua MC, Ateba CN, Mbacham WF. Occurrence of blaTEM and blaCTXM Genes and Biofilm-Forming Ability among Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8050708. [PMID: 32403300 PMCID: PMC7285512 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8050708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PSA) and Acinetobacter baumannii (ACB) are non-fermentative bacteria mostly associated with nosocomial infections in humans. Objective: This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial resistance profiles and virulence gene of PSA and ACB previously isolated from humans in selected health facilities in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Methods: A total of 77 and 27 presumptive PSA and ACB isolates, respectively, were collected from the Yaoundé teaching hospital. These isolates were previously isolated from various samples including pus, blood and broncho-alveolar lavage. The identities of the isolates were determined through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of PSA and ACB specific sequences. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was performed using the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. Phenotypical expression of AmpC β-lactamases (AmpC), extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and metallo β-Lactamases (MBLs) were determined using the combined disc method. Bacterial genomes were screened for the presence of β-lactamases blaTEM and blaCTXM genes using specific PCR. The pathogenicity of PSA and ACB was assessed through amplification of the lasB, exoA, pslA and exoS as well as OmpA and csuE virulence genes, respectively. Results: Of the 77 presumptive PSA isolates, a large proportion (75 to 97.4%) were positively identified. All (100%) of the presumptive 27 ACB harbored the ACB-specific ITS gene fragment by PCR. Twenty five percent of the PSA isolates produced ESBLs phenotypically while more than 90% of these isolates were positive for the lasB, exoA, pslA and exoS genes. A large proportion (88%) of the ACB isolates harboured the OmpA and csuE genes. blaTEM and blaCTXM were detected in 17 and 4% of PSA, respectively, while a much higher proportion (70 and 29%) of the ACB isolates possessed these resistance determinants respectively. Conclusion: Our findings reveal the occurrence of both virulence and drug-resistant determinants in clinical PSA and ACB isolates from patients in health care settings in Yaoundé, Cameroon, thus suggesting their role in the pathological conditions in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Longla Madaha
- Biotechnology Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon; (E.L.M.); (R.N.B.)
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon;
- Department of Disease, Epidemics and Pandemics Control, Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Bacteriology Service, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Yaoundé, Cameroon;
- Antibiotic Resistance and Phage Biocontrol Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Hortense Kamga Gonsu
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon;
- Department of Disease, Epidemics and Pandemics Control, Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Rhoda Nsen Bughe
- Biotechnology Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon; (E.L.M.); (R.N.B.)
| | | | - Collins Njie Ateba
- Antibiotic Resistance and Phage Biocontrol Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
- Correspondence: (C.N.A.); (W.F.M.); Tel.: +27-183-892-247/+27-783-344-878 (C.N.A.); +23-76-7757-9180 (W.F.M.); Fax: +27-183-862-686 (C.N.A.); 22-237-429 (W.F.M.)
| | - Wilfred Fon Mbacham
- Biotechnology Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon; (E.L.M.); (R.N.B.)
- Correspondence: (C.N.A.); (W.F.M.); Tel.: +27-183-892-247/+27-783-344-878 (C.N.A.); +23-76-7757-9180 (W.F.M.); Fax: +27-183-862-686 (C.N.A.); 22-237-429 (W.F.M.)
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Moloney EM, Deasy EC, Swan JS, Brennan GI, O'Donnell MJ, Coleman DC. Whole-genome sequencing identifies highly related Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains in multiple washbasin U-bends at several locations in one hospital: evidence for trafficking of potential pathogens via wastewater pipes. J Hosp Infect 2019; 104:484-491. [PMID: 31738988 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hand washbasin U-bends have increasingly been associated with nosocomial outbreaks by Gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa which is virtually ubiquitous in U-bends. Wastewater networks servicing U-bends are potential highways for trafficking pathogenic bacteria. AIM To use P. aeruginosa to investigate trafficking of bacteria between hospital washbasin U-bends. METHODS Twenty-five washbasin U-bends in five locations in Dublin Dental University Hospital (DDUH) were investigated for trafficking of P. aeruginosa: 10 in Clinic 2 (C2), 10 in the Accident & Emergency Department (A&E) and five in three other locations. In addition, washbasin tap samples (N=80) and mains and tap water samples (N=72) were cultured for P. aeruginosa. Selected P. aeruginosa isolates recovered over 29 months underwent whole-genome sequencing, and relatedness was interpreted using whole-genome multi-locus sequence typing and pairwise single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis. FINDINGS P. aeruginosa was recovered from all U-bends but not from taps or water. Eighty-three U-bend isolates yielded 10 sequence types (STs), with ST560 and ST179 from A&E, C2 and two other locations predominating (70%). ST560 was also recovered from a common downstream pipe. Isolates within ST560 and ST179 were highly related regardless of source. ST560 was divided into Cluster I (N=25) and Cluster II (N=2) with average allelic differences and SNPs of three and zero, and two and five, respectively. The 31 ST179 isolates exhibited an average allelic difference and SNPs of three and 12, respectively. CONCLUSION Highly related P. aeruginosa strains were identified in multiple U-bends in several DDUH locations, indicating trafficking via the wastewater network.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Moloney
- Microbiology Research Unit, Division of Oral Biosciences, Dublin Dental University Hospital, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - E C Deasy
- Microbiology Research Unit, Division of Oral Biosciences, Dublin Dental University Hospital, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J S Swan
- Facilities Department, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - G I Brennan
- National MRSA Reference Laboratory, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M J O'Donnell
- Microbiology Research Unit, Division of Oral Biosciences, Dublin Dental University Hospital, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D C Coleman
- Microbiology Research Unit, Division of Oral Biosciences, Dublin Dental University Hospital, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.
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El-Mahdy R, El-Kannishy G. Virulence Factors Of Carbapenem-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa In Hospital-Acquired Infections In Mansoura, Egypt. Infect Drug Resist 2019; 12:3455-3461. [PMID: 31819540 PMCID: PMC6844229 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s222329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The problem of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in health-care settings is growing worse. This study was conducted to investigate the rate of carbapenemase genes, antibiotic resistance, and virulence factors in carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa associated with hospital-acquired infections. Patients and methods Isolates of P. aeruginosa were collected from patients with hospital-acquired infections at Mansoura University Hospital in Mansoura. Carbapenem susceptibility was done by broth dilution. The presence of carbapenemase genes and quorum-sensing genes was assessed by PCR. Production of protease, pyocyanin, twitching motility, hemolytic activity and biofilm formation was evaluated. Results Out of 80 P. aeruginosa isolates, 34 (42.5%) were resistant to carbapenem. Among carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates, 21 (61.8%) were carbapenemase producers. The most prevalent gene detected was blaVIM. The frequency of protease, pyocyanin, twitching motility, hemolytic activity and biofilm formation was 76.2%, 58.8%, 83.8%, 93.8% and 77.5%, respectively. Biofilm formation was significantly associated with carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa. On the other hand, pyocyanin production was significantly lower in carbapenem-resistant isolates. No correlation existed between carbapenem resistance and any other studied virulence factors or quorum-sensing genes. Conclusion Association of carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa with other antibiotic resistance or the presence of virulence factors in hospital-acquired infection may represent a warning that enhances the need for a stringent surveillance program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha El-Mahdy
- Department of Medical Microbiology And Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ghada El-Kannishy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Abril D, Marquez-Ortiz RA, Castro-Cardozo B, Moncayo-Ortiz JI, Olarte Escobar NM, Corredor Rozo ZL, Reyes N, Tovar C, Sánchez HF, Castellanos J, Guaca-González YM, Llanos-Uribe CE, Vanegas Gómez N, Escobar-Pérez J. Genome plasticity favours double chromosomal Tn4401b-bla KPC-2 transposon insertion in the Pseudomonas aeruginosa ST235 clone. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:45. [PMID: 30786858 PMCID: PMC6381643 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1418-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudomonas aeruginosa Sequence Type 235 is a clone that possesses an extraordinary ability to acquire mobile genetic elements and has been associated with the spread of resistance genes, including genes that encode for carbapenemases. Here, we aim to characterize the genetic platforms involved in resistance dissemination in blaKPC-2-positive P. aeruginosa ST235 in Colombia. RESULTS In a prospective surveillance study of infections in adult patients attended in five ICUs in five distant cities in Colombia, 58 isolates of P. aeruginosa were recovered, of which, 27 (46.6%) were resistant to carbapenems. The molecular analysis showed that 6 (22.2%) and 4 (14.8%) isolates harboured the blaVIM and blaKPC-2 genes, respectively. The four blaKPC-2-positive isolates showed a similar PFGE pulsotype and belonged to ST235. Complete genome sequencing of a representative ST235 isolate shows a unique chromosomal contig of 7097.241 bp with eight different resistance genes identified and five transposons: a Tn6162-like with ant(2″)-Ia, two Tn402-like with ant(3″)-Ia and blaOXA-2 and two Tn4401b with blaKPC-2. All transposons were inserted into the genomic islands. Interestingly, the two Tn4401b copies harbouring blaKPC-2 were adjacently inserted into a new genomic island (PAGI-17) with traces of a replicative transposition process. This double insertion was probably driven by several structural changes within the chromosomal region containing PAGI-17 in the ST235 background. CONCLUSION This is the first report of a double Tn4401b chromosomal insertion in P. aeruginosa, just within a new genomic island (PAGI-17). This finding indicates once again the great genomic plasticity of this microorganism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deisy Abril
- Bacterial Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Universidad El Bosque, Carrera 9 N°131A-02, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
| | | | - Betsy Castro-Cardozo
- Bacterial Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Universidad El Bosque, Carrera 9 N°131A-02, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
| | - José Ignacio Moncayo-Ortiz
- Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas- GRIENI, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia
| | | | - Zayda Lorena Corredor Rozo
- Bacterial Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Universidad El Bosque, Carrera 9 N°131A-02, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
| | - Niradiz Reyes
- Grupo de Genética y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Catalina Tovar
- Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales y Resistencia Bacteriana, Universidad del Sinú, Montería, Colombia
| | | | - Jaime Castellanos
- Grupo de Patogénesis Infecciosa, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
| | - Yina Marcela Guaca-González
- Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas- GRIENI, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia
| | | | - Natasha Vanegas Gómez
- Bacterial Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Universidad El Bosque, Carrera 9 N°131A-02, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
- The i3 institute, Faculty of Science University of Technology, Sydney, Australia
| | - Javier Escobar-Pérez
- Bacterial Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Universidad El Bosque, Carrera 9 N°131A-02, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
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