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Burghardt K, Craven T, Sardar NA, Pearce JM. Towards Sustainable Protein Sources: The Thermal and Rheological Properties of Alternative Proteins. Foods 2024; 13:448. [PMID: 38338583 PMCID: PMC10855059 DOI: 10.3390/foods13030448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Reducing meat consumption reduces carbon emissions and other environmental harms. Unfortunately, commercial plant-based meat substitutes have not seen widespread adoption. In order to enable more flexible processing methods, this paper analyzes the characteristics of commercially available spirulina, soy, pea, and brown rice protein isolates to provide data for nonmeat protein processing that can lead to cost reductions. The thermal and rheological properties, as well as viscosity, density, and particle size distribution, were analyzed for further study into alternative protein-based food processing. The differential scanning calorimetry analysis produced dry amorphous-shaped curves and paste curves with a more distinct endothermic peak. The extracted linear temperature ranges for processing within food production were 70-90 °C for spirulina, 87-116 °C for soy protein, 67-77 °C for pea protein, and 87-97 °C for brown rice protein. The viscosity analysis determined that each protein material was shear-thinning and that viscosity increased with decreased water concentration, with rice being an exception to the latter trend. The obtained viscosity range for spirulina was 15,100-78,000 cP, 3200-80,000 cP for soy protein, 1400-32,700 cP for pea protein, and 600-3500 cP for brown rice protein. The results indicate that extrusion is a viable method for the further processing of protein isolates, as this technique has a large temperature operating range and variable screw speed. The data provided here can be used to make single or multi-component protein substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn Burghardt
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Tierney Craven
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada
| | | | - Joshua M Pearce
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Ivey Business School, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada
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Gao C, Jia J, Yang Y, Ge S, Song X, Yu J, Wu Q. Structural change and functional improvement of wheat germ protein promoted by extrusion. Food Hydrocoll 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.108389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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3
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Li J, Yang J, Li J, Gantumur MA, Wei X, Oh KC, Jiang Z. Structure and rheological properties of extruded whey protein isolate: Impact of inulin. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 226:1570-1578. [PMID: 36450303 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Impacts of inulin addition (0, 5, 10, 15 %) on structure, functional and rheological properties of whey protein isolate (WPI) after extrusion pretreatment (E-WPI) were investigated. The results proved that after adding 15 % inulin, water holding capacity of gels, emulsifying activity, emulsion stability, foaming ability and foaming stability of E-WPI were the best and increased by 24.38 %, 7.43 %, 12.35 %, 162.97 % and 41.31 %, compared with those of unextruded WPI, respectively. Rheology analysis showed that apparent viscosity and consistency index of all the samples after inulin addition were enhanced and exhibited pseudoplastic fluids. FTIR spectroscopy indicated that E-WPI/WPI and inulin was linked together due to hydrogen bonds and addition of inulin increased the proportion of their β-turn structure. These findings demonstrated that the addition of inulin in combination with extrusion pretreatment could jointly improve the functional properties of WPI. Therefore, E-WPI with the addition of inulin shows potential commercial applications in the production of novel food foaming agents and emulsifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Jiajie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Jinzhe Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Munkh-Amgalan Gantumur
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Xuan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Kwang-Chol Oh
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Pyongyang Technology College of Food and Commodity, Pyongyang 950003, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - Zhanmei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
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Markers and Mechanisms of Deterioration Reactions in Dairy Products. FOOD ENGINEERING REVIEWS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12393-023-09331-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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5
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Ganesh S, Ningtyas DW, Prakash S. Investigating the functionality of enzymatically (transglutaminase and alcalase) treated almond protein isolate. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Hao J, Zhang Z, Yang M, Zhang Y, Wu T, Liu R, Sui W, Zhang M. Micronization using combined alkaline protease hydrolysis and high-speed shearing homogenization for improving the functional properties of soy protein isolates. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2022; 9:77. [PMID: 38647576 PMCID: PMC10992059 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-022-00565-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the functional properties of soybean protein isolate (SPI) treated with alkaline protease and high-speed shearing homogenization. Alkaline protease-hydrolyzed SPIs that were characterized by varying degrees of hydrolysis between 0 and 6% were treated with high-speed shearing homogenization to obtain different micro-particulate proteins. The results showed that this combined treatment could significantly reduce the particle size of SPI by markedly degrading the structure of both the 7S and 11S subunits, thereby resulting in a significantly reduced content of β-sheet and β-turn structures. The surface hydrophobicity increased considerably for samples with hydrolysis below the threshold of 2% and then declined gradually above this threshold. Furthermore, the combination of hydrolysis and homogenization significantly improved the emulsion stability of SPI hydrolysates. It also significantly improved the foaming properties of SPI. These results demonstrated that alkaline protease hydrolysis combined with high-speed shearing homogenization represents a promising approach for improving the functional and structural properties of SPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Hao
- Sate Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Food Biotechnology Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Zhuchi Zhang
- Sate Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Food Biotechnology Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Sate Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Food Biotechnology Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Yongli Zhang
- Sate Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Food Biotechnology Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Sate Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Food Biotechnology Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Rui Liu
- Sate Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Food Biotechnology Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Wenjie Sui
- Sate Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Food Biotechnology Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Sate Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Food Biotechnology Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
- Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China.
- China-Russia Agricultural Processing Joint Laboratory, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300392, People's Republic of China.
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Tawalbeh D, Ahmad WANW, Sarbon NM. Effect of ultrasound pretreatment on the functional and bioactive properties of legumes protein hydrolysates and peptides: A comprehensive review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2069258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Tawalbeh
- Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - W. A. N. Wan Ahmad
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - N. M. Sarbon
- Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
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Effect of enzymatic hydrolysis followed after extrusion pretreatment on the structure and emulsibility of soybean protein. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Levi S, Yen FC, Baruch L, Machluf M. Scaffolding technologies for the engineering of cultured meat: Towards a safe, sustainable, and scalable production. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Li J, Fu J, Ma Y, He Y, Fu R, Qayum A, Jiang Z, Wang L. Low temperature extrusion promotes transglutaminase cross-linking of whey protein isolate and enhances its emulsifying properties and water holding capacity. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.107410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Mazinani S, Motamedzadegan A, Nghizadeh Raeisi S, Alimi M. Characterization of bacteriologically acidified feta cheese using soy protein isolate in different substitution percentages: rheological, microbiological and sensory properties. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-00973-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Modification approaches of plant-based proteins to improve their techno-functionality and use in food products. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.106789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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