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Sharma H, Sharma N, An SSA. Unique Bioactives from Zombie Fungus ( Cordyceps) as Promising Multitargeted Neuroprotective Agents. Nutrients 2023; 16:102. [PMID: 38201932 PMCID: PMC10780653 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps, also known as "zombie fungus", is a non-poisonous mushroom that parasitizes insects for growth and development by manipulating the host system in a way that makes the victim behave like a "zombie". These species produce promising bioactive metabolites, like adenosine, β-glucans, cordycepin, and ergosterol. Cordyceps has been used in traditional medicine due to its immense health benefits, as it boosts stamina, appetite, immunity, longevity, libido, memory, and sleep. Neuronal loss is the typical feature of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) (Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)) and neurotrauma. Both these conditions share common pathophysiological features, like oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and glutamatergic excitotoxicity. Cordyceps bioactives (adenosine, N6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-adenosine, ergosta-7, 9 (11), 22-trien-3β-ol, active peptides, and polysaccharides) exert potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities and display beneficial effects in the management and/or treatment of neurodegenerative disorders in vitro and in vivo. Although a considerable list of compounds is available from Cordyceps, only a few have been evaluated for their neuroprotective potential and still lack information for clinical trials. In this review, the neuroprotective mechanisms and safety profile of Cordyceps extracts/bioactives have been discussed, which might be helpful in the identification of novel potential therapeutic entities in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niti Sharma
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 461-701, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seong Soo A. An
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 461-701, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea;
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Li H, Gao J, Zhao F, Liu X, Ma B. Bioactive Peptides from Edible Mushrooms-The Preparation, Mechanisms, Structure-Activity Relationships and Prospects. Foods 2023; 12:2935. [PMID: 37569204 PMCID: PMC10417677 DOI: 10.3390/foods12152935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mushroom bioactive peptides (MBPs) are bioactive peptides extracted directly or indirectly from edible mushrooms. MBPs are known to have antioxidant, anti-aging, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and anti-hypertensive properties, and facilitate memory and cognitive improvement, antitumour and anti-diabetes activities, and cholesterol reduction. MBPs exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects by regulating the MAPK, Keap1-Nrf2-ARE, NF-κB and TNF pathways. In addition, MBPs exert antibacterial, anti-tumour and anti-inflammatory effects by stimulating the proliferation of macrophages. The bioactivities of MBPs are closely related to their molecular weights, charge, amino acid compositions and amino acid sequences. Compared with animal-derived peptides, MBPs are ideal raw materials for healthy and functional products with the advantages of their abundance of resources, safety, low price, and easy-to-achieve large-scale production of valuable nutrients for health maintenance and disease prevention. In this review, the preparation, bioactivities, mechanisms and structure-activity relationships of MBPs were described. The main challenges and prospects of their application in functional products were also discussed. This review aimed to provide a comprehensive perspective of MBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, National Soybean Processing Industry Technology Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (H.L.); (J.G.); (X.L.)
| | - Ji’an Gao
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, National Soybean Processing Industry Technology Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (H.L.); (J.G.); (X.L.)
| | - Fen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, National Soybean Processing Industry Technology Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (H.L.); (J.G.); (X.L.)
| | - Xinqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, National Soybean Processing Industry Technology Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (H.L.); (J.G.); (X.L.)
| | - Biao Ma
- Beijing Science Sun Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Beijing 100176, China;
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Rang Y, Liu H, Liu C. The mechanisms of learning and memory impairment caused by nonylphenol: a narrative review based on in vivo and in vitro studies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:5530-5539. [PMID: 36434456 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24278-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Learning and memory play a fundamental role on brain cognitive functions which are crucial for human life. Nonylphenol (NP), a serious environmental pollutant over the world, is proven to be harmful for learning and memory mainly via diet exposure. Currently, besides the administrative restrictions for the use of NP, there are rarely other effective approaches against learning and memory impairment caused by NP. This review summarized the mechanisms underlying NP-induced learning and memory impairment according to in vivo and in vitro experiments. Based on the studies involved in behavior tests, these mechanisms were classified as oxidative stress, neurotransmitter disorder, synaptic plasticity impairment, and neuron injury. In addition, according to the studies which did not conduct behavior tests, the possible mechanisms underlying NP-induced learning and memory impairment were proposed as chronic inflammation and gut permeability increment. Furthermore, this review also revealed the demanding questions for the mechanism investigations and therapeutic methods. Notably, the summarized mechanisms might accelerate the prevention and remediation of NP-induced learning and memory impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Rang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- The Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Huan Liu
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- The Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Chunhong Liu
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Qu SL, Li SS, Li D, Zhao PJ. Metabolites and Their Bioactivities from the Genus Cordyceps. Microorganisms 2022; 10:1489. [PMID: 35893547 PMCID: PMC9330831 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The Cordyceps genus is a group of ascomycete parasitic fungi, and all known species of this genus are endoparasites; they mainly feed on insects or arthropods and a few feed on other fungi. Fungi of this genus have evolved highly specific and complex mechanisms to escape their host's immune system and coordinate their life cycle coefficients with those of their hosts for survival and reproduction; this mechanism has led to the production of distinctive metabolites in response to the host's defenses. Herein, we review approximately 131 metabolites discovered in the genus Cordyceps (including mycelium, fruiting bodies and fungal complexes) in the past 15 years, which can be used as an important source for new drug research and development. We summarize chemical structures, bioactivity and the potential application of these natural metabolites. We have excluded some reports that originally belonged to Cordyceps, but whose taxonomic attribution is no longer the Cordyceps genus. This can and will serve as a resource for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pei-Ji Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (S.-L.Q.); (S.-S.L.); (D.L.)
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Active Women Across the Lifespan: Nutritional Ingredients to Support Health and Wellness. Sports Med 2022; 52:101-117. [PMID: 36173598 PMCID: PMC9521557 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01755-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Women are the largest consumers of dietary supplements. Dietary supplements can play a role in health and performance, particularly for women. Growing evidence and innovations support the unique physiological and nutrient timing needs for women. Despite the need for more nutrition and exercise-specific research in women, initial data and known physiological differences between sexes related to the brain, respiration, bone, and muscle support new product development and evidence-based education for active women regarding the use of dietary supplements. In this narrative review, we discuss hormonal and metabolic considerations with the potential to impact nutritional recommendations for active women. We propose four potential areas of opportunity for ingredients to help support the health and well-being of active women, including: (1) body composition, (2) energy/fatigue, (3) mental health, and (4) physical health.
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Jędrejko KJ, Lazur J, Muszyńska B. Cordyceps militaris: An Overview of Its Chemical Constituents in Relation to Biological Activity. Foods 2021; 10:2634. [PMID: 34828915 PMCID: PMC8622900 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps spp. mushrooms have a long tradition of use as a natural raw material in Asian ethnomedicine because of their adaptogenic, tonic effects and their ability to reduce fatigue and stimulate the immune system in humans. This review aims to present the chemical composition and medicinal properties of Cordyceps militaris fruiting bodies and mycelium, as well as mycelium from in vitro cultures. The analytical results of the composition of C. militaris grown in culture media show the bioactive components such as cordycepin, polysaccharides, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), ergothioneine and others described in the review. To summarize, based on the presence of several bioactive compounds that contribute to biological activity, C. militaris mushrooms definitely deserve to be considered as functional foods and also have great potential for medicinal use. Recent scientific reports indicate the potential of cordycepin in antiviral activity, particularly against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bożena Muszyńska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Str., 30–688 Kraków, Poland; (K.J.J.); (J.L.)
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Bibi S, Wang YB, Tang DX, Kamal MA, Yu H. Prospects for Discovering the Secondary Metabolites of Cordyceps Sensu Lato by the Integrated Strategy. Med Chem 2019; 17:97-120. [PMID: 31880251 DOI: 10.2174/1573406416666191227120425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some species of Cordyceps sensu lato are famous Chinese herbs with significant biological activities, often used as edible food and traditional medicine in China. Cordyceps represents the largest entomopathogenic group of fungi, including 40 genera and 1339 species in three families and incertae sedis of Hypocreales. OBJECTIVE Most of the Cordyceps-derivatives have been approved clinically for the treatment of various diseases such as diabetes, cancers, inflammation, cardiovascular, renal and neurological disorders and are used worldwide as supplements and herbal drugs, but there is still need for highly efficient Cordyceps-derived drugs for fatal diseases with approval of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. METHODS Computer-aided drug design concepts could improve the discovery of putative Cordyceps- derived medicine within less time and low budget. The integration of computer-aided drug design methods with experimental validation has contributed to the successful discovery of novel drugs. RESULTS This review focused on modern taxonomy, active metabolites, and modern drug design techniques that could accelerate conventional drug design and discovery of Cordyceps s. l. Successful application of computer-aided drug design methods in Cordyceps research has been discussed. CONCLUSION It has been concluded that computer-aided drug design techniques could influence the multiple target-focused drug design, because each metabolite of Cordyceps has shown significant activities for the various diseases with very few or no side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabana Bibi
- Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuan-Bing Wang
- Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China
| | - De-Xiang Tang
- Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hong Yu
- Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China
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