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Tongluan N, Engström P, Jirakanwisal K, Langohr IM, Welch MD, Macaluso KR. Critical roles of Rickettsia parkeri outer membrane protein B (OmpB) in the tick host. Infect Immun 2024; 92:e0051523. [PMID: 38206007 PMCID: PMC10863407 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00515-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Rickettsia parkeri is a pathogen of public health concern and transmitted by the Gulf Coast tick, Amblyomma maculatum. Rickettsiae are obligate intracellular bacteria that enter and replicate in diverse host cells. Rickettsial outer membrane protein B (OmpB) functions in bacterial adhesion, invasion, and avoidance of cell-autonomous immunity in mammalian cell infection, but the function of OmpB in arthropod infection is unknown. In this study, the function of R. parkeri OmpB was evaluated in the tick host. R. parkeri wild-type and R. parkeri ompBSTOP::tn (non-functional OmpB) were capillary fed to naïve A. maculatum ticks to investigate dissemination in the tick and transmission to vertebrates. Ticks exposed to R. parkeri wild-type had greater rickettsial loads in all organs than ticks exposed to R. parkeri ompBSTOP::tn at 12 h post-capillary feeding and after 1 day of feeding on host. In rats that were exposed to R. parkeri ompBSTOP::tn-infected ticks, dermal inflammation at the bite site was less compared to R. parkeri wild-type-infected ticks. In vitro, R. parkeri ompBSTOP::tn cell attachment to tick cells was reduced, and host cell invasion of the mutant was initially reduced but eventually returned to the level of R. parkeri wild-type by 90 min post-infection. R. parkeri ompBSTOP::tn and R. parkeri wild-type had similar growth kinetics in the tick cells, suggesting that OmpB is not essential for R. parkeri replication in tick cells. These results indicate that R. parkeri OmpB functions in rickettsial attachment and internalization to tick cells and pathogenicity during tick infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natthida Tongluan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Alabama, Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Patrik Engström
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Krit Jirakanwisal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Alabama, Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Ingeborg M. Langohr
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Matthew D. Welch
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Kevin R. Macaluso
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Alabama, Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama, USA
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Urbanová V, Lu S, Kalinová E, Martins L, Kozelková T, Dyčka F, Ribeiro JM, Hajdušek O, Perner J, Kopáček P. From the fat body to the hemolymph: Profiling tick immune and storage proteins through transcriptomics and proteomics. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 165:104072. [PMID: 38185274 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Ticks are blood-feeding arachnids that are known to transmit various pathogenic microorganisms to their hosts. During blood feeding, ticks activate their metabolism and immune system to efficiently utilise nutrients from the host's blood and complete the feeding process. In contrast to insects, in which the fat body is known to be a central organ that controls essential metabolic processes and immune defense mechanisms, the function of the fat body in tick physiology is still relatively unexplored. To fill this gap, we sought to uncover the repertoire of genes expressed in the fat body associated with trachea (FB/Tr) by analyzing the transcriptome of individual, partially fed (previtellogenic) Ixodes ricinus females. The resulting catalog of individual mRNA sequences reveals a broad repertoire of transcripts encoding proteins involved in nutrient storage and distribution, as well as components of the tick immune system. To gain a detailed insight into the secretory products of FB/Tr specifically involved in inter-tissue transport and humoral immunity, the transcriptomic data were complemented with the proteome of soluble proteins in the hemolymph of partially fed female ticks. Among these proteins, the hemolipoglyco-carrier proteins were predominant. When comparing immune peptides and proteins from the fat body with those produced by hemocytes, we found that the fat body serves as a unique producer of certain immune components. Finally, time-resolved transcriptional regulation of selected immune transcripts from the FB/Tr was examined in response to experimental challenges with model microbes and analyzed by RT-qPCR. Overall, our data show that the fat body of ticks, similar to insects, is an important metabolic tissue that also plays a remarkable role in immune defense against invading microbes. These findings improve our understanding of tick biology and its impact on the transmission of tick-borne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Urbanová
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Stephen Lu
- Vector Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eliška Kalinová
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Larissa Martins
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Laboratory of Neurological Infections and Immunity, Rocky Mountain Laboratories - NIH/NIAID, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Tereza Kozelková
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Dyčka
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - José M Ribeiro
- Vector Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ondřej Hajdušek
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Perner
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kopáček
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
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Xu Z, Wang Y, Sun M, Zhou Y, Cao J, Zhang H, Xuan X, Zhou J. Proteomic analysis of extracellular vesicles from tick hemolymph and uptake of extracellular vesicles by salivary glands and ovary cells. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:125. [PMID: 37046327 PMCID: PMC10100430 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05753-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of cell-derived membranous structures that are important mediators of intercellular communication. Arthropods transport nutrients, signaling molecules, waste and immune factors to all areas of the body via the hemolymph. Little is known about tick hemolymph EVs. METHODS Hemolymph was collected from partially fed Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides and Hyalomma asiaticum ticks by making an incision with a sterile scalpel in the middle (between the femur and metatarsus) of the first pair of legs, which is known as leg amputation. EVs were isolated from hemolymph by differential centrifugation and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). Proteins extracted from the hemolymph EVs were analyzed by 4D label-free proteomics. The EVs were also examined by western blot and immuno-electron microscopy analysis. Intracellular incorporation of PHK26-labeled EVs was tested by adding labeled EVs to tick salivary glands and ovaries, followed by fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS In this study, 149 and 273 proteins were identified by 4D label-free proteomics in R. haemaphysaloides and H. asiaticum hemolymph EVs, respectively. TEM and NTA revealed that the sizes of the hemolymph EVs from R. haemaphysaloides and H. asiaticum were 133 and 138 nm, respectively. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology enrichment analyses of identified proteins revealed pathways related to binding, catalytic and transporter activity, translation, transport and catabolism, signal transduction and cellular community. The key EV marker proteins RhCD9, RhTSG101, Rh14-3-3 and RhGAPDH were identified using proteomics and western blot. The presence of RhFerritin-2 in tick hemolymph EVs was confirmed by western blot and immuno-electron microscopy. We demonstrated that PKH26-labeled hemolymph EVs are internalized by tick salivary glands and ovary cells in vitro. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that tick EVs are secreted into, and circulated by, the hemolymph. EVs may play roles in the regulation of tick development, metabolism and reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengmao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Meng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yongzhi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jie Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Houshuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xuenan Xuan
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Jinlin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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Liu B, Fu D, Ning H, Tang M, Chen H. Knockdown of CYP6CR2 and CYP6DE5 reduces tolerance to host plant allelochemicals in the Chinese white pine beetle Dendroctonus armandi. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 187:105180. [PMID: 36127042 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bark beetles rely on detoxifying enzymes to resist the defensive terpenoids of the host tree. Insect cytochrome P450 (CYPs) plays a key role in the detoxification of pesticides and plant allelochemicals. CYP6 family is unique to Insecta, and its biochemical function is basically related to the metabolism of exogenous substances. In this study, we sequenced and characterized the full-length cDNAs of two CYP6 genes from Chinese white pine beetle, Dendroctonus armandi. Spatiotemporal expression profiling revealed that the expression of CYP6CR2 and CYP6DE5 was higher in larval and adult stages of D. armandi than that in other developmental stages, and that two genes predominantly expressed in brain, midgut, fat body, Malpighian tubules or hemolymph. The expression of CYP6CR2 and CYP6DE5 was significantly induced after feeding on the phloem of Pinus armandii and exposure to six stimuli [(±)- α -pinene, (-)-α-pinene, (-)-β-pinene, (+)-3-carene, (±)-limonene and turpentine]. Importantly, silencing CYP6CR2 and CYP6DE5 separately could increase the sensitivity, led to a significant reduction of the activity of P450, resulting a significant increase in adult mortality after treatment with terpenoids. The comprehensive results of this study showed that in the process of host selection and colonization, the functions of CYPs were mainly to hydrolyze the chemical defense of the host and degrade odor molecules. These findings may help to develop new treatments to control this important pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Danyang Fu
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Hang Ning
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Ming Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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Liu L, Yan F, Zhang L, Wu ZF, Duan DY, Cheng TY. Protein profiling of hemolymph in Haemaphysalis flava ticks. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:179. [PMID: 35610668 PMCID: PMC9128142 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05287-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tick hemolymph bathes internal organs, acts as an exchange medium for nutrients and cellular metabolites, and offers protection against pathogens. Hemolymph is abundant in proteins. However, there has been limited integrated protein analysis in tick hemolymph thus far. Moreover, there are difficulties in differentiating tick-derived proteins from the host source. The aim of this study was to profile the tick/host protein components in the hemolymph of Haemaphysalis flava. Methods Hemolymph from adult engorged H. flava females was collected by leg amputation from the Erinaceus europaeus host. Hemolymph proteins were extracted by a filter-aided sample preparation protocol, digested by trypsin, and assayed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). MS raw data were searched against the UniProt Erinaceidae database and H. flava protein database for host- and tick-derived protein identification. Protein abundance was further quantified by intensity-based absolute quantification (iBAQ). Results Proteins extracted from hemolymph unevenly varied in size with intense bands between 100 and 130 kDa. In total, 312 proteins were identified in the present study. Therein 40 proteins were identified to be host-derived proteins, of which 18 were high-confidence proteins. Top 10 abundant host-derived proteins included hemoglobin subunit-α and subunit-β, albumin, serotransferrin-like, ubiquitin-like, haptoglobin, α-1-antitrypsin-like protein, histone H2B, apolipoprotein A-I, and C3-β. In contrast, 169 were high-confidence tick-derived proteins. These proteins were classified into six categories based on reported functions in ticks, i.e., enzymes, enzyme inhibitors, transporters, immune-related proteins, muscle proteins, and heat shock proteins. The abundance of Vg, microplusin and α-2-macroglobulin was the highest among tick-derived proteins as indicated by iBAQ. Conclusions Numerous tick- and host-derived proteins were identified in hemolymph. The protein profile of H. flava hemolymph revealed a sophisticated protein system in the physiological processes of anticoagulation, digestion of blood meal, and innate immunity. More investigations are needed to characterize tick-derived proteins in hemolymph. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-022-05287-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Research Center for Parasites & Vectors (RCPV), College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Fen Yan
- Research Center for Parasites & Vectors (RCPV), College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Research Center for Parasites & Vectors (RCPV), College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Wu
- Research Center for Parasites & Vectors (RCPV), College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - De-Yong Duan
- Research Center for Parasites & Vectors (RCPV), College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Tian-Yin Cheng
- Research Center for Parasites & Vectors (RCPV), College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
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Aguilar-Díaz H, Quiroz-Castañeda RE, Salazar-Morales K, Miranda-Miranda E. A newly optimized protocol to extract high-quality hemolymph from the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus: Improving the old conditions. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PARASITOLOGY & VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES 2021; 2:100066. [PMID: 36589873 PMCID: PMC9795341 DOI: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2021.100066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Ticks are hematophagous ectoparasites with importance to animal and human health. In recent years, the study of ticks has had significant development, including immune response, vector-host interactions, physiological and multi-omics approaches. However, one of the main impediments is obtaining a significant amount of high-quality hemolymph. For this reason, we developed a protocol that allows obtaining up to 100 μl of hemolymph free of host blood per engorged tick. The technique consists of continuous hipocuticular punctures of the tick dorsum and an anticoagulant buffer that impedes hemolymph coagulation, allowing constant extravasation and ensuring high yields. Additionally, the hemocytes recovered with this protocol are intact and can be used for further analysis. The high-quality hemolymph obtained using this protocol and its applications will help to better understand the processes involving the hemolymph and its components. Although there are other hemolymph extraction protocols, the method developed here is very well suited for Rhipicephalus microplus, and in our experience, results in better yields and high-quality samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Aguilar-Díaz
- Unidad de Artropodología del Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, INIFAP, Carretera Federal Cuernavaca-Cuautla No. 8534, Progreso, 62550, Jiutepec, Morelos, Mexico,Corresponding author.
| | - Rosa Estela Quiroz-Castañeda
- Unidad de Anaplasmosis del Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, INIFAP, Carretera Federal Cuernavaca-Cuautla No. 8534, Progreso, 62550, Jiutepec, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Karina Salazar-Morales
- Unidad de Artropodología del Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, INIFAP, Carretera Federal Cuernavaca-Cuautla No. 8534, Progreso, 62550, Jiutepec, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Estefan Miranda-Miranda
- Unidad de Artropodología del Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, INIFAP, Carretera Federal Cuernavaca-Cuautla No. 8534, Progreso, 62550, Jiutepec, Morelos, Mexico
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Aguilar-Díaz H, Quiroz-Castañeda RE, Salazar-Morales K, Cossío-Bayúgar R, Miranda-Miranda E. Tick Immunobiology and Extracellular Traps: An Integrative Vision to Control of Vectors. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10111511. [PMID: 34832666 PMCID: PMC8621429 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10111511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ticks are hematophagous ectoparasites that infest a diverse number of vertebrate hosts. The tick immunobiology plays a significant role in establishing and transmitting many pathogens to their hosts. To control tick infestations, the acaricide application is a commonly used method with severe environmental consequences and the selection of tick-resistant populations. With these drawbacks, new tick control methods need to be developed, and the immune system of ticks contains a plethora of potential candidates for vaccine design. Additionally, tick immunity is based on an orchestrated action of humoral and cellular immune responses. Therefore, the actors of these responses are the object of our study in this review since they are new targets in anti-tick vaccine design. We present their role in the immune response that positions them as feasible targets that can be blocked, inhibited, interfered with, and overexpressed, and then elucidate a new method to control tick infestations through the development of vaccines. We also propose Extracellular Traps Formation (ETosis) in ticks as a process to eliminate their natural enemies and those pathogens they transmit (vectorial capacity), which results attractive since they are a source of acting molecules with potential use as vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Aguilar-Díaz
- Unidad de Artropodología, Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad INIFAP, Jiutepec 62574, Mexico; (R.C.-B.); (E.M.-M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Rosa Estela Quiroz-Castañeda
- Unidad de Anaplasmosis, Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad INIFAP, Jiutepec 62574, Mexico;
| | - Karina Salazar-Morales
- Centro de Investigaciones Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico;
| | - Raquel Cossío-Bayúgar
- Unidad de Artropodología, Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad INIFAP, Jiutepec 62574, Mexico; (R.C.-B.); (E.M.-M.)
| | - Estefan Miranda-Miranda
- Unidad de Artropodología, Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad INIFAP, Jiutepec 62574, Mexico; (R.C.-B.); (E.M.-M.)
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Zhang YC, Gao SS, Xue S, An SH, Zhang KP. Disruption of the cytochrome P450 CYP6BQ7 gene reduces tolerance to plant toxicants in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 172:263-269. [PMID: 33453254 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In insects, the cytochrome P450 CYP6B family plays key roles in the detoxification of toxic plant substances. However, the function of CYP6 family genes in degrading plant toxicants in Tribolium castaneum, an extremely destructive global storage pest, have yet to be elucidated. In this study, a T. castaneum CYP gene, TcCYP6BQ7, was characterized. TcCYP6BQ7 expression was significantly induced after exposure to essential oil of the plant Artemisia vulgaris (EOAV). Spatiotemporal expression profiling revealed that TcCYP6BQ7 expression was higher in larval and adult stages of T. castaneum than in other developmental stages, and that TcCYP6BQ7 was predominantly expressed in the brain and hemolymph from the late larval stage. TcCYP6BQ7 silencing by RNA interference increased larvae mortality in response to EOAV from 49.67% to 71.67%, suggesting that this gene is associated with plant toxicant detoxification. Combined results from this study indicate that the CYP6 family gene TcCYP6BQ7 likely plays a pivotal role in influencing the susceptibility of T. castaneum to plant toxicants. These findings may have implications for the development of novel therapeutics to control this agriculturally important pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chen Zhang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Innovation and Practice Base for Postdoctors, Anyang Institute of Technology, Huanghe Road 73, Wenfeng District, 455000 Anyang, Henan province, PR China; College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Nongye Road 63, Jinshui District, 450002 Zhengzhou, Henan province, PR China
| | - Shan-Shan Gao
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Innovation and Practice Base for Postdoctors, Anyang Institute of Technology, Huanghe Road 73, Wenfeng District, 455000 Anyang, Henan province, PR China.
| | - Shuang Xue
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Innovation and Practice Base for Postdoctors, Anyang Institute of Technology, Huanghe Road 73, Wenfeng District, 455000 Anyang, Henan province, PR China
| | - Shi-Heng An
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Nongye Road 63, Jinshui District, 450002 Zhengzhou, Henan province, PR China
| | - Kun-Peng Zhang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Innovation and Practice Base for Postdoctors, Anyang Institute of Technology, Huanghe Road 73, Wenfeng District, 455000 Anyang, Henan province, PR China
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Immunoinformatic Analysis to Identify Proteins to Be Used as Potential Targets to Control Bovine Anaplasmosis. Int J Microbiol 2020; 2020:8882031. [PMID: 32908531 PMCID: PMC7474394 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8882031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Omics sciences and new technologies to sequence full genomes provide valuable data that are revealed only after detailed bioinformatic analysis is performed. In this work, we analyzed the genomes of seven Mexican Anaplasma marginale strains and the data from a transcriptome analysis of the tick Rhipicephalus microplus. The aim of this analysis was to identify protein sequences with predicted features to be used as potential targets to control the bacteria or tick-vector transmission. We chose three amino acid sequences different to all proteins previously reported in A. marginale that have been used as potential vaccine candidates, and also, we report, for the first time, the presence of a peroxinectin protein sequence in the transcriptome of R. microplus, a protein associated with the immune response of ticks. The bioinformatics analyses revealed the presence of B-cell epitopes in all the amino acid sequences chosen, which opens the way for their likely use as single or arranged peptides to develop new strategies for the control and prevention of bovine anaplasmosis transmitted by ticks.
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Zhang X, Jie D, Liu J, Zhang J, Zhang T, Zhang J, Ma E. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor regulates the expression of LmGSTd7 and is associated with chlorpyrifos susceptibility in Locusta migratoria. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:2916-2924. [PMID: 31465149 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) belongs to the bHLH-PAS (basic Helix-Loop-Helix - Period/ARNT/Single minded) family of transcription factors. AhR is a ligand-activated transcription factor, which participates in the sensing and transmitting stimuli of endogenous and exogenous chemicals, and subsequently activates the transcription of genes related to various physiological and detoxification functions. RESULT In this study, a single full-length LmAhR sequence was cloned and characterized. RNA interference (RNAi) and insecticide bioassays showed that LmAhR plays a vital role in chlorpyrifos susceptibility. To better identify aryl hydrocarbon receptor from locusta migratoria (LmAhR)-regulated genes involved in chlorpyrifos susceptibility, a comparative transcriptome analysis was performed using double-stranded (ds)GFP- and dsLmAhR-injected Locusta migratoria. Differential gene expression analysis identified 145 down-regulated and 67 up-regulated genes (P ≤ 0.05 and fold change ≥2) in dsLmAhR-knockdown insects. We selected 27 down-regulated genes and verified their expression levels using reverse transcription quantitative PCR. Finally, one glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene (LmGSTd7) was selected as a candidate detoxification gene and was further validated via RNAi and chlorpyrifos bioassays. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that AhR is associated with chlorpyrifos susceptibility via the regulation of LmGSTd7 expression in L. migratoria. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyao Zhang
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Dong Jie
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jianqin Zhang
- Modern Research Center For Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jianzhen Zhang
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Enbo Ma
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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Zhang X, Dong J, Wu H, Zhang H, Zhang J, Ma E. Knockdown of cytochrome P450 CYP6 family genes increases susceptibility to carbamates and pyrethroids in the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 223:48-57. [PMID: 30763915 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Insect cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP) plays a key role in the detoxification of insecticides. In this study, four cDNA sequences of CYP6 genes were identified and characterized. Transcription levels of LmCYP6HC1 and LmCYP6HCL1 were high in first- and fourth-instar nymph stages, respectively. LmCYP6HN1 was primarily expressed in the egg to third-instar nymph stages, while LmCYP6HQ1 was predominantly expressed in the stages from fourth-instar nymph to the adult. The four CYP6 genes were predominantly distributed in the antenna, brain, fat body, integument, and hemolymph. Piperonyl butoxide exposure inhibited total CYP activity and synergized the toxicity of carbamates and pyrethroids. Knockdown of LmCYP6HL1, LmCYP6HN1, and LmCYP6HQ1 increased nymph mortality following exposure to carbaryl, and silencing of LmCYP6HC1, LmCYP6HL1, LmCYP6HN1, and LmCYP6HQ1 comprehensively raised nymph mortality following exposure to fluvalinate. Knockdown of LmCYP6HL1 or LmCYP6HN1 significantly increased nymph mortality following exposure to cypermethrin or fenvalerate, respectively. These results suggest that the CYP6 family plays a key role in determining the susceptibility of Locusta migratoria to both carbamates and pyrethroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyao Zhang
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jie Dong
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Haihua Wu
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Haihan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Jianzhen Zhang
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
| | - Enbo Ma
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
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12
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Wang F, Gong H, Zhang H, Zhou Y, Cao J, Zhou J. Molecular characterization, tissue-specific expression, and RNA knockdown of the putative heat shock cognate 70 protein from Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides. Parasitol Res 2019; 118:1363-1370. [PMID: 30891634 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06258-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock cognate 70-kDa protein (RH-Hsc70) was identified from a cDNA library synthesized from the sialotranscriptomes of unfed and fed Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides. The RH-Hsc70 open reading frame is 1950 bp long and encodes a protein that is 649 amino acids in length, with a predicted molecular weight of 71.1 kDa and a theoretical pI of 5.43. RH-Hsc70 exhibits 98% amino acid identity with Hsc70 in Haemaphysalis flava and 83% identity with Hsc70 in arthropods and mammals. RH-Hsc70 was mainly expressed in nymphs and adult ticks, not in larvae. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis indicated that RH-Hsc70 mRNA expression was induced by blood feeding in adult ticks. In addition, RH-Hsc70 gene expression was higher in the ovaries of fed adult ticks than that in the midguts, salivary glands, and fat bodies of unfed or fed adult ticks. RH-Hsc70 gene knockdown inhibited tick blood feeding, significantly decreased tick engorgement rate, and increased tick death rate. These data illustrate the importance of RH-Hsc70 in tick blood feeding and aging, which makes it a promising candidate for the development of anti-tick vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Hanshan District, Handan, 056038, China
| | - Haiyan Gong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Houshuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yongzhi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jie Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jinlin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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