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Chen H, Ishihara M, Horita N, Kazahari H, Ochiai R, Tanzawa S, Honda T, Ichikawa Y, Watanabe K, Seki N. Effect of Adjuvant and Palliative Chemotherapy in Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Lung: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13235948. [PMID: 34885057 PMCID: PMC8657002 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Adjuvant chemotherapy revealed a better outcome than surgery only, but there was no statistical difference in patients with stage IA. The small cell lung cancer regimen (SCLC) was frequently selected in adjuvant chemotherapy. The SCLC regimen showed better survival than the non-SCLC regimen as palliative chemotherapy at the endpoint of the odds ratio of mortality after two years. Abstract Background: Pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is a rare subset of lung carcinoma with poor overall survival. Methods: A systematic review following a meta-analysis of studies was performed to identify the effect of different selections of chemotherapy in LCNEC. Articles providing overall survival data for adjuvant chemotherapy or palliative chemotherapy for LCNEC were eligible. The odds ratio (OR) of mortality at one or two years after chemotherapy was evaluated. Results: A total of 16 reports were finally included in the quantitative synthesis, involving a total of 5916 LCNEC patients. Adjuvant chemotherapy was administered to 1303 patients, and palliative chemotherapy was administered to 313 patients using either a small cell lung cancer (SCLC) or a non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) regimen. The OR for adjuvant chemotherapy was 0.73 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.59 to 0.89, p = 0.002). The SCLC regimen showed an OR of 0.52 (95% CI: 0.11 to 2.38, p = 0.40) after one year, and 0.32 (95% CI: 0.11 to 0.89, p = 0.03) after two years, compared with the NSCLC regimen. Conclusions: Adjuvant chemotherapy for pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma improved the outcome after surgery. The SCLC regimen showed better survival than the NSCLC regimen as palliative chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8606, Japan; (M.I.); (H.K.); (R.O.); (S.T.); (T.H.); (Y.I.); (K.W.)
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (N.S.)
| | - Masashi Ishihara
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8606, Japan; (M.I.); (H.K.); (R.O.); (S.T.); (T.H.); (Y.I.); (K.W.)
| | - Nobuyuki Horita
- Department of Pulmonology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan;
| | - Hiroki Kazahari
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8606, Japan; (M.I.); (H.K.); (R.O.); (S.T.); (T.H.); (Y.I.); (K.W.)
| | - Ryusuke Ochiai
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8606, Japan; (M.I.); (H.K.); (R.O.); (S.T.); (T.H.); (Y.I.); (K.W.)
| | - Shigeru Tanzawa
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8606, Japan; (M.I.); (H.K.); (R.O.); (S.T.); (T.H.); (Y.I.); (K.W.)
| | - Takeshi Honda
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8606, Japan; (M.I.); (H.K.); (R.O.); (S.T.); (T.H.); (Y.I.); (K.W.)
| | - Yasuko Ichikawa
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8606, Japan; (M.I.); (H.K.); (R.O.); (S.T.); (T.H.); (Y.I.); (K.W.)
| | - Kiyotaka Watanabe
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8606, Japan; (M.I.); (H.K.); (R.O.); (S.T.); (T.H.); (Y.I.); (K.W.)
| | - Nobuhiko Seki
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8606, Japan; (M.I.); (H.K.); (R.O.); (S.T.); (T.H.); (Y.I.); (K.W.)
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (N.S.)
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Chen Y, Zhang J, Huang C, Tian Z, Zhou X, Guo C, Liu H, Li S. Survival outcomes of surgery in patients with pulmonary large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma: a retrospective single-institution analysis and literature review. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:82. [PMID: 33579331 PMCID: PMC7881654 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-01730-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pulmonary large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (pLCNEC) is a very rare malignancy originating from the lung and bronchus, and its biological behaviour, clinical diagnosis, treatment and prognosis are poorly understood. Thus, the clinical characteristics and surgical treatment-related prognostic factors of this rare disorder must be explored. Results The clinical data of 59 patients (48 males and 11 females) who were treated by surgery and diagnosed with pLCNEC by postoperative pathology at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from April 2004 to April 2019 were analysed retrospectively. The median patient age was 62 years (38–79 years), and the median duration of disease was 2 months (0.5–18 months). Compared with other lung malignancies, pLCNEC lacks specific clinical symptoms and imaging features, and preoperative biopsy pathology is often insufficient to confirm the diagnosis. The corresponding numbers of patients who were classified into stages I, II, III and IV according to the postoperative pathological tumour-nodal-metastasis stage were 25, 12, 15 and 7, respectively. The median overall survival was 36 months (0.9–61.1 months). The 1-year, 3-year and 5-year survival rates were 76.3%, 49% and 44.7%, respectively. The tumour stage exerted a significant effect on survival (Cox multivariate analysis p < 0.05). Conclusions For patients with resectable pLCNEC, multidisciplinary therapy based on surgery may have good survival benefits, and tumour stage is an independent risk factor for the prognosis of pLCNEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeye Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zhenhuan Tian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Chao Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hongsheng Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Shanqing Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Morphologic and molecular classification of lung neuroendocrine neoplasms. Virchows Arch 2021; 478:5-19. [PMID: 33474631 PMCID: PMC7966641 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-020-03015-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) of the lung encompass neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) composed of typical (TC) and atypical (AC) carcinoids and full-fledged carcinomas (NECs) inclusive of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) and small cell carcinoma (SCLC). NETs and NECs are thought to represent distinct and separate lesions with neither molecular overlap nor common developmental continuum. Two perspectives were addressed regarding the morphologic and molecular classification of lung NENs: (i) a supervised approach by browsing the traditional classification, the relevant gene alterations, and their clinical implications; and (ii) an unsupervised approach, by reappraising neoplasms according to risk factors and natural history of disease to construct an interpretation model relied on biological data. We herein emphasize lights and shadows of the current classification of lung NENs and provide an alternative outlook on these tumors focused on what we currently know about the biological determinants and the natural history of disease.
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Mori R, Yamashita SI, Midorikawa K, Abe S, Inada K, Yoneda S, Okabayashi K, Nabeshima K. CDX2 Expression and Prognostic Factors of Resectable Pulmonary Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-ONCOLOGY 2020; 14:1179554920967319. [PMID: 33293882 PMCID: PMC7705386 DOI: 10.1177/1179554920967319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aim: Pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is a rare neoplasm, and its clinical features and management are still limited. We evaluated the clinicopathological factors, including CDX2 immunohistochemical expression, to predict survival in patients with LCNEC. Patients and Methods: In all, 50 patients with LCNEC who underwent surgery at 4 institutes between 2001 and 2017 were included. Clinicopathological characteristics were evaluated for prognostic factors and statistically analyzed by Kaplan-Meier curve with a log-rank test or Cox regression models. We used immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis to determine the expressions of CDX2 and compared them with clinicopathological factors and survival. Results: Sixteen of the 50 cases (32%) were CDX2 positive. No correlation was found between the CDX2 expression by IHC and clinicopathological factors. Multivariate analysis identified adjuvant chemotherapy (hazard ratio [HR] =2.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04-8.16, P = .04) and vascular invasion (HR = 4.35, 95% CI = 1.21-15.63, P = .03) as being associated with a significantly worse rate of recurrence-free survival. Conclusion: CDX2 was expressed in 1/3 of LCNEC but not associated with prognostic factor. Adjuvant chemotherapy and vascular invasion were associated with a negative prognostic factor of LCNEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Mori
- Department of General Thoracic, Breast and Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Yamashita
- Department of General Thoracic, Breast and Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.,General Thoracic and Breast Surgery Center, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Chikushino, Japan
| | - Kensuke Midorikawa
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Imakiire Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Sosei Abe
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, National Hospital Organization Fukuoka-Higashi Medical Center, Koga, Japan
| | - Kazuo Inada
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, National Hospital Organization Omuta Medical Center, Omuta, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yoneda
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Imakiire Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kan Okabayashi
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, National Hospital Organization Fukuoka-Higashi Medical Center, Koga, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nabeshima
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Hospital, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Pulmonary Large-Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma: Therapeutic Challenges and Opportunities. FORUM OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/fco-2019-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (P-LCNEC) is a rare, poorly differentiated, non-small cell malignancy within the spectrum of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of the lung. Despite sharing several similarities with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) in their clinical, immunohistopathological, genomic, and prognostic features, it is a distinct and biologically heterogeneous entity with challenging diagnostic and therapeutic requirements. Given the lack of prospective, randomized data to guide management, it is common practice to pursue thoracic surgery for resectable tumors according to the guidelines for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and implement systemic chemotherapy as early as at stage I, similar to the treatment of SCLC. However, important issues, such as the optimal timing and combination of therapeutic modalities, the most effective type of chemotherapy for advanced-stage disease, and the benefit from prophylactic cranial irradiation, remain debated. Accumulating evidence from retrospective, molecular profiling studies supports the existence of at least two P-LCNEC subtypes, most notably a SCLC-like and a NSCLC-like phenotype, which presumably underlie the observed differential sensitivity to platinum-based regimens and warrant further validation as predictive biomarkers of efficacy. Furthermore, several potentially actionable, driver molecular alterations have been identified, offering implications for personalized treatment approaches, including targeted therapies and immunotherapy. The current review discusses open questions on the diagnosis and management of P-LCNEC, as well as recent advances in its genomic and transcriptomic characterization that create promising therapeutic opportunities.
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Abdel Karim N, Khaddasn S, Shehata M, Mostafa A, Magdy M, Eldessouki I, Xie C, Benzequene S. Stenting in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: How Does It Affect the Outcomes? Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:175-178. [PMID: 31983181 PMCID: PMC7294028 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.1.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Approximately 30% of lung cancer patients develop central airway obstruction (CAO) that remarkably shortens survival. There is little data about the benefits of stenting within this heterogeneous patient group. Our objective was to review their overall survival (OS) and their risk of hospitalization versus patients who did not have lesions requiring stent placement. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed charts of 171 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who underwent bronchoscopy in the University of Cincinnati Cancer Center from the year 2011 to 2013. Twenty-five patients with advanced lung cancer were evaluated by interventional pulmonology service for endobronchial stent placement for CAO. Eight patients did not require placement of a stent and 17 had obstructive lesions that required stenting by interventional pulmonology. RESULTS Demographical parameters such as age and gender did not have a significant impact on the risk of hospitalization or OS of both groups of patients, however, those whose lesions did not mandate stent placement had significantly lower odds of hospitalization compared to patients with CAO requiring a stent (OR: 15.913, 95% CI: 1.211-209.068, P = 0.0352). Patients with advanced NSCLC and CAO that required stent placement had an OS of 13.9 m [3.9-19.9 m] compared to an OS of 23.9 m for patients with CAO not requiring a stent. We found out that patients with less severe CAO have lower odds of hospitalization and better OS compared to patients with CAO mandating stent placement. CONCLUSION CAO patients with interventional pulmonology (IP) evaluation and management in addition, may have improved OS suggesting that IP consultation might offer both improvement in quality of life and overall survival to patients with advanced NSCLC and CAO. <br />.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sinan Khaddasn
- Hematology-Oncology Department, Vontz Center, University of Cincinnati, Ohio, U S A
| | - Mahmoud Shehata
- Hematology-Oncology Department, Vontz Center, University of Cincinnati, Ohio, U S A
| | - Ahmed Mostafa
- Hematology-Oncology Department, Vontz Center, University of Cincinnati, Ohio, U S A
| | - Mohamed Magdy
- Hematology-Oncology Department Augusta University, U S A
| | - Ihab Eldessouki
- Hematology-Oncology Department, Vontz Center, University of Cincinnati, Ohio, U S A
| | - Changchun Xie
- Hematology-Oncology Department, Vontz Center, University of Cincinnati, Ohio, U S A
| | - Sadia Benzequene
- Hematology-Oncology Department, Vontz Center, University of Cincinnati, Ohio, U S A
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Abdel Karim NF, Hassan R, Siddiqi NI, Eldessouki I, Gaber O, Rahouma M, Kamel M, Yellu M, Gulati S, Xie C, Magdy M, Pruemer J. Impact of tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and other antidepressants on overall survival of patients with advanced lung cancer from 2004 to 2014: University of Cincinnati experience. J Int Med Res 2019; 47:6016-6026. [PMID: 31640444 PMCID: PMC7045662 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519862469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate and categorize the survival benefit of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) in lung cancer patients based on systematic computational drug repositioning data. Methods Data were retrospectively extracted from the medical records of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients from the University of Cincinnati Cancer Medical Center database. Patients receiving antidepressants during their course of anti-cancer treatment were compared with those without antidepressants. Data were analyzed using Kaplan–Meier survival curves with the log-rank test, and overall survival (OS) was calculated from the date of diagnosis until last follow-up or death. Results The median OS at 2 and 5 years for patients on antidepressants was 20.3 months (54.7% and 42%) vs 44.3 months (47.6% and 43.2%), which was not significant. The median OS for patients receiving TCAs, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and other antidepressants was 3.17 months, 31.33 months, and 18.50 months, respectively. Conclusion We found no significant survival benefit for TCA use in combination with anti-cancer agents in NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rammey Hassan
- Department of Oncology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, USA
| | | | - Ihab Eldessouki
- Department of Oncology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, USA
| | - Ola Gaber
- Department of Oncology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, USA
| | - Mohamed Rahouma
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Kamel
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mhender Yellu
- Department of Oncology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, USA
| | - Shuchi Gulati
- Department of Oncology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, USA
| | - Changchun Xie
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, USA
| | | | - Jane Pruemer
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, USA
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Eldessouki I, Gaber O, Shehata MA, Namad T, Atallah J, Masineni H, Abdel Karim N. Papillary renal cell carcinoma: what is missing in research? A case report and a review of literature. SAGE Open Med Case Rep 2019; 7:2050313X19869475. [PMID: 31489193 PMCID: PMC6713961 DOI: 10.1177/2050313x19869475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of renal cell carcinomas in adults ranges has been increasing over the past decades in both men and women. Once the incidence was 2.9%, now is reported to have increased to 3%–5% with male predominance according to the most recent reports of cancer statistics. The disease typically describes a group of different histopathological subtypes; the most common is clear cell carcinoma which accounts for 70%–80% of the diagnosed cases, while papillary renal cell carcinoma and chromophobe types represent 20% and 5%, respectively. In 1996, the renal cell carcinomas Heidelberg classification was introduced by Delahunt et al. It divides renal cell tumors into benign and malignant parenchymal neoplasms, excluding Wilm’s tumor and secondary metastases and limiting each subcategory to the most commonly documented genetic abnormalities, if applicable. In this report, we discuss a case of metastatic type I papillary renal cell carcinoma treated with the anti-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor sunitinib and showing marked long-term clinical response. Through this case, we highlight the importance of re-classifying papillary renal cell carcinoma subtypes to prioritize the clinical management of these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihab Eldessouki
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ola Gaber
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Mahmoud A Shehata
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Tariq Namad
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Joseph Atallah
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. John Hospital & Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Harsha Masineni
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Nagla Abdel Karim
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Gaber O, Eldessouki I, Hassan R, Magdy M, Morris JC, Abdel Karim N. Retrospective Study of the Effect of Statins on the Outcome of Lung Cancer Patients, University of Cincinnati Experience. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:2391-2396. [PMID: 31450911 PMCID: PMC6852798 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.8.2391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Numerous studies addressed the effect of statin on cancer patients. The aim of this study is to define the effect of statin administration with chemotherapy on the patients’ outcomes. Methods: We retrospectively researched the database of the University of Cincinnati cancer to identify lung cancer patients who received statins (S+, n=41) during their treatment in our institute. We also, retrieved data for contemporaneously treated patients who did not receive statins (S-, n=159) as a control arm. Clinico-demographical data and overall survival (OS) were analyzed using Pearson’s Chi-square (χ2) test and Kaplan-Meier survival curves with Log-rank test. Adjustment using Cox proportional hazard ratios (HR) were done based on (age, gender, race and stage) to identify effect of statins on their outcomes. Results: The median age for S+ was 64y (IQR; 55-69) and 71.2% of the patients were white. Histopathology was 55.4% and 31.7% for adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, respectively. Fifty-six percent were stage IV in each study arm and the median OS was14.9 m. Median OS was insignificantly lower in S–ve arm (13.7 vs 15.6 months; P=0.652, HR=0.91, 95%CI 0.52-1.57). Our results show that after different types of adjustments, S+ did not show survival advantage (P>0.05) compared to the control arm. Conclusion: While showing an increase in overall survival in patients with advanced lung cancer, the results of this study did not reach statistical significance. This could be due for the small sample size of this retrospective study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Gaber
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Division of Internal Medicine, Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati, 3125 Eden Ave, Cincinnati OH 45267, United States.
| | - Ihab Eldessouki
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Division of Internal Medicine, Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati, 3125 Eden Ave, Cincinnati OH 45267, United States.
| | - Rammey Hassan
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Division of Internal Medicine, Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati, 3125 Eden Ave, Cincinnati OH 45267, United States.
| | | | - John C Morris
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Division of Internal Medicine, Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati, 3125 Eden Ave, Cincinnati OH 45267, United States.
| | - Nagla Abdel Karim
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Division of Internal Medicine, Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati, 3125 Eden Ave, Cincinnati OH 45267, United States.
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