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Mansoure AN, Elshal M, Helal MG. Inhibitory effect of diacerein on diclofenac-induced acute nephrotoxicity in rats via modulating SIRT1/HIF-1α/NF-κB and SIRT1/p53 regulatory axes. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 131:111776. [PMID: 38471363 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to explore the potential of repurposing the antiarthritic drug diacerein (DCN) against diclofenac (DCF)-induced acute nephrotoxicity in rats. Rats were divided into four groups: Group I (CTRL) served as the negative control; Group II (DCF) served as the positive control and was injected with DCF (50 mg/kg/day) for three consecutive days (fourth-sixth) while being deprived of water starting on day 5; Group III (DCF + DCN50) and Group IV (DCF + DCN100) were orally administered DCN (50 and 100 mg/kg/day, respectively) for six days and injected with DCF, while being deprived of water as described above. Changes in kidney function biomarkers were assessed. Levels of MDA and GSH along with NO content in kidney tissues were measured as indicators of oxidative stress status. Histopathological changes of the renal cortex and medulla were evaluated. Changes in renal NF-κB and SIRT-1 levels were immunohistochemically addressed. Western blotting was used to estimate the relative expressions of HIF-1α, p53, and active caspase-3. Our results showed that DCN inhibited kidney dysfunction and suppressed oxidative stress, which were reflected in improved kidney architecture, including less tubular degeneration and necrosis in the cortex and medulla. Interestingly, DCN reduced renal HIF-1α, p53, and active caspase-3 expression and NF-κB activation while increasing renal SIRT1 expression. In conclusion, for the first time, DCN counteracts acute kidney injury induced by DCF in rats by its anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, antinecrotic, and anti-apoptotic effects in a dose-dependent manner, which are mainly via targeting SIRT1/HIF-1α/NF-κB and SIRT1/p53 regulatory axes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahmoud Elshal
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Manar G Helal
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
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Wang D, Wu X, Zhou X, Zhou J. Key genes and regulatory networks of hypoxic preconditioning on osteoblasts. ALL LIFE 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2023.2169362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chaoyang hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueqiang Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chaoyang hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Hand Surgery, Tangshan Second Hospital, Tangshan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaobin Zhou
- Third Department of Traumatology, The Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junlin Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Chaoyang hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Peng Z, Li XJ, Pang C, Zhang JT, Zhu Q, Sun JQ, Wang J, Cao BQ, Zhang YH, Lu Y, Li W, Hang CH, Zhuang Z. Hydrogen inhalation therapy regulates lactic acid metabolism following subarachnoid hemorrhage through the HIF-1α pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 663:192-201. [PMID: 37141668 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.04.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The neuroprotective effects of hydrogen have been demonstrated, but the mechanism is still poorly understood. In a clinical trial of inhaled hydrogen in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), we found that hydrogen reduced the accumulation of lactic acid in the nervous system. There are no studies demonstrating the regulatory effect of hydrogen on lactate and in this study we hope to further clarify the mechanism by which hydrogen regulates lactate metabolism. In cell experiments, PCR and Western Blot showed that HIF-1α was the target related to lactic acid metabolism that changed the most before and after hydrogen intervention. HIF-1α levels were suppressed by hydrogen intervention treatment. Activation of HIF-1α inhibited the lactic acid-lowering effect of hydrogen. We have also demonstrated the lactic acid-lowering effect of hydrogen in animal studies. Our work clarifies that hydrogen can regulate lactate metabolism via the HIF-1αpathway, providing new insights into the neuroprotective mechanisms of hydrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Jian Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cong Pang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huai'an No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Jia-Tong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia-Qing Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo-Qiang Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Hua Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun-Hua Hang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zong Zhuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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Lin X, Su H, Huo J, Zhang F. The association of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and hypoxia-inducible factor-2α protein expression with clinicopathological characteristics in papillary thyroid carcinoma: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34045. [PMID: 37327294 PMCID: PMC10270558 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the correlation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (HIF-2α) protein expression with clinicopathologic characteristics in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) through a meta-analysis. METHODS PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP databases were searched from the establishment of the database to February 2023. The New castle-Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate the quality of the literature. Rev Man 5.3 and Stata14.0 were used to conduct a meta-analysis of the included studies. RESULTS Twenty-eight articles with 2346 samples were included in the Meta-analysis. Compared with normal thyroid tissues, HIF-1α and HIF-2α proteins were highly expressed in PTC tumor tissues. High expression of HIF-1α protein was associated with tumor size (odds ratio [OR] = 4.50, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.88-7.04, P < .00001), lymph node metastasis (OR = 4.76, 95% CI: 3.78-5.99, P < .00001), TNM stage (OR = 3.67, 95% CI: 2.68-5.03, P < .00001), capsular invasion (OR = 2.30, 95% CI: 1.43-3.71, P = .0006 < .05), and extrathyroidal extension (OR = 10.96, 95% CI: 4.80-25.02, P < .00001). High expression of HIF-2α protein was associated with lymph node metastasis (OR = 4.18, 95% CI: 2.63-6.65, P < .00001), TNM stage (OR = 2.56, 95% CI: 1.36-4.82, P = .004 < .05), and capsular invasion (OR = 3.84, 95% CI: 1.66-8.88, P = .002 < .05). In addition, we concluded for the first time that there was a statistically significant difference in the expression of HIF-1α and HIF-2α in PTC patients (OR = 2.36, 95% CI: 1.26-4.42, P = .007 < .05). CONCLUSIONS The high expression of HIF-1α and HIF-2α proteins is closely related to some clinicopathological parameters of PTC, and can provide potential biological indicators for the diagnosis and prognosis of PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunyi Lin
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Hebei General Hospital Affiliated to Hebei North University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hang Su
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Hebei General Hospital Affiliated to North China University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jiaxing Huo
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Hebei General Hospital Affiliated to Hebei Medicine University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Fenghua Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
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Liu XJ, Lv JL, Zou X, Yu YY, Zhou HX, Wu Y, Geng YQ, Lie CH. MiR-21 alleviates renal tubular epithelial cells injury induced by ischemia by targeting TLR4. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15818. [PMID: 37234634 PMCID: PMC10205595 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal ischemia is the initial stage of kidney damage, leading to mitochondrial metabolism disorders and cell necrosis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the biological functions and potential mechanisms of miR-21 in protecting renal tubular epithelial cells from oxidative stress and apoptosis following oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD). Following an OGD injury, miR-21 levels increased in HK-2 renal tubular epithelial cells. Overexpression of miR-21 decreased the protein expressions of cleaved caspase-3, BAX, P53, cell apoptosis and increased Bcl-2 expression in HK-2 cells with OGD injury. In vivo studies found that miR-21 agomir reduced renal tissue apoptosis, while miR-21 antagomir increased it. In addition, overexpression of miR-21 reduced levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in HK-2 cells with OGD injury. However, miR-21 inhibition exhibited the opposite effect. A dual-luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that miR-21 directly regulates Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) by targeting the 3'-UTR of TLR4 mRNA. Overexpression of miR-21 led to decreased TLR4 protein expression, and TLR4 knockdown was shown to greatly increase AKT activity in HK-2 cells by in vitro kinase assay. Additionally, TLR4 knockdown promoted AKT phosphorylation and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) expression, while TLR4 overexpression inhibited these processes. Furthermore, AKT activation abolished the effect of TLR4 on HIF-1α, while AKT inhibition decreased the expression of TLR4 on HIF-1α in TLR4 knockdown HK-2 cells. Further study revealed that HIF-1α inhibition abolished the protective effect of miR-21 overexpression on ROS, LDH levels and cell apoptosis in HK-2 cells after OGD injury, which is indicated by increased levels of ROS and LDH, as well as increased cell apoptosis after HIF-1α inhibition in miR-21-treated HK-2 cells. In conclusion, miR-21 defends OGD-induced HK-2 cell injury via the TLR4/AKT/HIF-1α axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Juan Liu
- Division of Nephrology, The 908 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330000, China
| | - Jin-Lei Lv
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Institute of Molecular Immunology of Kidney Disease of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Xin Zou
- Division of Nephrology, The 908 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330000, China
| | - Yan-Yan Yu
- Division of Nephrology, The 908 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330000, China
| | - Hong-Xia Zhou
- Division of Nephrology, The 908 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330000, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Division of Nephrology, The 908 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330000, China
| | - Yan-Qiu Geng
- Division of Nephrology, Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Cai-Hua Lie
- Division of Nephrology, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830000, China
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Zhang L, Sun X, Liu L, Wang P, Qian L. Excessive iodine induces thyroid follicular epithelial cells apoptosis by activating HIF-1α-mediated hypoxia pathway in Hashimoto thyroiditis. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:3633-3640. [PMID: 36807042 PMCID: PMC10042978 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08273-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) is considered the most common autoimmune thyroid disease. A growing body of evidence suggests that HT incidence correlates with excessive iodine intake. We should probe the effects of excessive iodine intake in HT development and its possible mechanism. METHODS AND RESULTS The study recruited 20 patients: 10 with HT and 10 with nodular goiter. We detected the expression of an apoptosis-related protein caspase-3 by immunohistochemistry. In vitro study, we explored the proliferation and apoptosis status in thyroid follicular cells (TFCs) stimulated with different iodine concentrations by MTT and flow cytometry. Then we performed RNA sequence analysis of Nthy-ori3-1 cells treated for 48 h with KI to probe the underlying mechanism. Finally, we used RT-PCR and siRNA interference to verify the results. We identified apoptosis in thyroid tissue obtained from HT patients coincides with the increase of caspase-3 levels. In vitro study, iodine suppressed proliferation of TFCs and promoted TFCs apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner with regulating caspase-3 activation. HIF-1α-NDRG1 mediated hypoxia pathway activation promoted the transmission of essential apoptosis signals in TFCs. CONCLUSION Our study confirmed that excessive iodine adsorption activates the HIF-1α-mediated hypoxia pathway to promote apoptosis of TFCs, which may be an important risk factor contributing to HT development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojing Sun
- Department of International Medical Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Linxue Qian
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Makievskaya CI, Popkov VA, Andrianova NV, Liao X, Zorov DB, Plotnikov EY. Ketogenic Diet and Ketone Bodies against Ischemic Injury: Targets, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:2576. [PMID: 36768899 PMCID: PMC9916612 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The ketogenic diet (KD) has been used as a treatment for epilepsy since the 1920s, and its role in the prevention of many other diseases is now being considered. In recent years, there has been an intensive investigation on using the KD as a therapeutic approach to treat acute pathologies, including ischemic ones. However, contradictory data are observed for the effects of the KD on various organs after ischemic injury. In this review, we provide the first systematic analysis of studies conducted from 1980 to 2022 investigating the effects and main mechanisms of the KD and its mimetics on ischemia-reperfusion injury of the brain, heart, kidneys, liver, gut, and eyes. Our analysis demonstrated a high diversity of both the composition of the used KD and the protocols for the treatment of animals, which could be the reason for contradictory effects in different studies. It can be concluded that a true KD or its mimetics, such as β-hydroxybutyrate, can be considered as positive exposure, protecting the organ from ischemia and its negative consequences, whereas the shift to a rather similar high-calorie or high-fat diet leads to the opposite effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara I. Makievskaya
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasily A. Popkov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezda V. Andrianova
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Xinyu Liao
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry B. Zorov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Egor Y. Plotnikov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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Zhang L, Shi B, Hu M, Qian L. HIF-1α and Caspase-3 expression in aggressive papillary thyroid carcinoma. World J Surg Oncol 2022; 20:353. [PMID: 36329448 PMCID: PMC9635136 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-022-02815-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor cells adapt to hypoxia by regulating transcription factors that involved in regulation of metabolism, angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Under hypoxic conditions, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), consisting of HIF-1α and HIF-1β subunits, acts as a key transcription factor mediating the adaptive cellular responses. Caspase-3 is a key apoptosis-related protease that plays a role in tumor growth and development. Studies have shown that caspase-3 could be regulated by HIF-1α under pathological conditions. Therefore, HIF-1α and caspase-3 expression may be related to the poor prognosis of tumors. In this study, we analyzed the possible relationships between these two signaling factors in correlation with the clinical behavior of PTC. Methods We detected the expression levels of HIF-1α and caspase-3 in 70 samples of PTC and para-cancerous tissues (control group) by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Furthermore, various clinicopathological parameters were assessed to determine their correlations with HIF-1α and caspase-3 expressions. Results First, HIF-1α and caspase-3 expressions (60% and 37.1%, respectively) increased significantly in the PTC samples as compared to normal tissues (2.9% for both HIF-1α and caspase-3) (p < 0.05) as determined by IHC. Second, although there was no significant difference between the expression of HIF-1α and caspase-3 in regard to gender, age distribution, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and BRAFV600E mutation (all p > 0.05), HIF-1α and caspase-3 expressions were associated with capsule invasion and cell subtypes of PTC (p < 0.05). The percent positivity of caspase-3 expression in tall-cell variant (TCV) was the highest (63.6%). Third, HIF-1α expression was positively correlated with that of caspase-3 (rs = 0.326; p < 0.05). Conclusions Overexpression of HIF-1α and caspase-3 is associated with carcinogenesis. These factors might serve as promising predictors of aggressive PTC. These findings also suggest their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Baixue Shi
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyang Hu
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Linxue Qian
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Li W, Xiang Z, Xing Y, Li S, Shi S. Mitochondria bridge HIF signaling and ferroptosis blockage in acute kidney injury. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:308. [PMID: 35387983 PMCID: PMC8986825 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04770-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
AbstractFerroptosis, a form of regulated cell death, plays an important role in acute kidney injury (AKI). Previous studies have shown that prolyl hydroxylase domain protein (PHD) inhibitors that activate HIF signaling provide strong protection against AKI, which is characterized by marked cell death. However, the relationship between PHD inhibition/HIF signaling and ferroptosis in AKI has not been elucidated. Here, we review recent studies to explore the issue. First, we will review the literature concerning the functions of HIF in promoting mitophagy, suppressing mitochondrial respiration and modulating redox homeostasis. Second, we will describe the current understanding of ferroptosis and its role in AKI, particularly from the perspective of mitochondrial dysfunction. Finally, we will discuss the possibility that mitochondria link PHD inhibition/HIF signaling and ferroptosis in AKI. In conclusion, we propose that HIF may protect renal cells against ferroptosis in AKI by reducing mitochondrial oxidative stress and damage.
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Deng Y, Li RW, Yang YL, Weiss S, Smith PN. Pharmacological prevention of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in a rat model. ANZ J Surg 2021; 92:518-525. [PMID: 34820987 DOI: 10.1111/ans.17381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. It remains a leading cause of acute kidney injury and is therefore an important issue in trauma and renal transplant surgery. Various pharmaceutical agents have been used in an attempt to dampen the harmful effects of IRI but few have been shown to be useful clinically. Riluzole, Lidocaine and Lamotrigine have been demonstrated to show anti-ischaemic properties in other organs; however, their use has not been tested in the kidneys. We investigated Riluzole, Lidocaine and Lamotrigine for their preventive effects of renal IRI using a rat model. METHODS Winstar rats (n = 48) were divided into four groups (n = 12 per group)-three treatment groups and one control group. Riluzole, Lidocaine and Lamotrigine were given prior to renal ischemia only (IO) or IRI. The degree of ischemia was measured by glutathione levels and a TUNEL assay was used to measure DNA fragmentation. RESULTS Riluzole, Lidocaine and Lamotrigine pre-treatment each resulted in statistically higher glutathione levels compared to controls (P = 0.002; P = 0.007 and P = 0.005, respectively). Riluzole and Lidocaine were also effective at preventing depletion of glutathione following IO (P = 0.007 and P = 0.014 respectively), while Lamotrigine was ineffective in IO (P = 0.71). The degree of DNA fragmentation seen on the TUNEL assay was markedly reduced in all three-drug groups in both IO and IRI. DISCUSSION Riluzole, Lidocaine and Lamotrigine all have anti-ischaemic effects in the rat kidney and can have potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Deng
- Medical School, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Canberra Hospital, Yamba Drive, Garran, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Rachel W Li
- Medical School, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.,John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Yong Liang Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shandong Provincial Trauma and Orthopaedics Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Steven Weiss
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Paul N Smith
- Medical School, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Canberra Hospital, Yamba Drive, Garran, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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11
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Hysi E, Kaur H, Young A. Evolving Medical Imaging Techniques for the Assessment of Delayed Graft Function: A Narrative Review. Can J Kidney Health Dis 2021; 8:20543581211048341. [PMID: 34707880 PMCID: PMC8544764 DOI: 10.1177/20543581211048341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose of review Delayed graft function (DGF) is a significant complication that contributes to poorer graft function and shortened graft survival. In this review, we sought to evaluate the current and emerging role of medical imaging modalities in the assessment of DGF and how it may guide clinical management. Sources of information PubMed, Google Scholar, and ClinicalTrial.gov up until February 2021. Methods This narrative review first examined the pathophysiology of DGF and current clinical management. We then summarized relevant studies that utilized medical imaging to assess posttransplant renal complications, namely, DGF. We focused our attention on noninvasive, evolving imaging modalities with the greatest potential for clinical translation, including contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Key findings A kidney biopsy in the setting of DGF can be used to assess the degree of ischemic renal injury and to rule out acute rejection. Biopsies are accompanied by complications and may be limited by sampling bias. Early studies on CEUS and MRI have shown their potential to distinguish between the 2 most common causes of DGF (acute tubular necrosis and acute rejection), but they have generally included only small numbers of patients and have not kept pace with more recent technical advances of these imaging modalities. There remains unharnessed potential with CEUS and MRI, and more robust clinical studies are needed to better evaluate their role in the current era. Limitations The adaptation of emerging approaches for imaging DGF will depend on additional clinical trials to study the feasibility and diagnostic test characteristics of a given modality. This is limited by access to devices, technical competence, and the need for interdisciplinary collaborations to ensure that such studies are well designed to appropriately inform clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eno Hysi
- Division of Nephrology, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, ON, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Sciences, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Harmandeep Kaur
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Sciences, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ann Young
- Division of Nephrology, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, ON, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Sciences, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
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12
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Carcy R, Cougnon M, Poet M, Durandy M, Sicard A, Counillon L, Blondeau N, Hauet T, Tauc M, F Pisani D. Targeting oxidative stress, a crucial challenge in renal transplantation outcome. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 169:258-270. [PMID: 33892115 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Disorders characterized by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) are the most common causes of debilitating diseases and death in stroke, cardiovascular ischemia, acute kidney injury or organ transplantation. In the latter example the I/R step defines both the amplitude of the damages to the graft and the functional recovery outcome. During transplantation the kidney is subjected to blood flow arrest followed by a sudden increase in oxygen supply at the time of reperfusion. This essential clinical protocol causes massive oxidative stress which is at the basis of cell death and tissue damage. The involvement of both reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxides (NO) has been shown to be a major cause of these cellular damages. In fact, in non-physiological situations, these species escape endogenous antioxidant control and dangerously accumulate in cells. In recent years, the objective has been to find clinical and pharmacological treatments to reduce or prevent the appearance of oxidative stress in ischemic pathologies. This is very relevant because, due to the increasing success of organ transplantation, clinicians are required to use limit organs, the preservation of which against oxidative stress is crucial for a better outcome. This review highlights the key actors in oxidative stress which could represent new pharmacological targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Carcy
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, LP2M, Nice, France; CHU Nice, Hôpital Pasteur 2, Service de Réanimation Polyvalente et Service de Réanimation des Urgences Vitales, Nice, France; Laboratories of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Nice, France
| | - Marc Cougnon
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, LP2M, Nice, France; Laboratories of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Nice, France
| | - Mallorie Poet
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, LP2M, Nice, France; Laboratories of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Nice, France
| | - Manon Durandy
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, LP2M, Nice, France; Laboratories of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Nice, France
| | - Antoine Sicard
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, LP2M, Nice, France; Laboratories of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Nice, France; CHU Nice, Hôpital Pasteur 2, Service de Néphrologie-Dialyse-Transplantation, Nice, France; Clinical Research Unit of Université Côte d'Azur (UMR2CA), France
| | - Laurent Counillon
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, LP2M, Nice, France; Laboratories of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Nice, France
| | | | - Thierry Hauet
- Université de Poitiers, INSERM, IRTOMIT, CHU de Poitiers, La Milétrie, Poitiers, France
| | - Michel Tauc
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, LP2M, Nice, France; Laboratories of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Nice, France
| | - Didier F Pisani
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, LP2M, Nice, France; Laboratories of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Nice, France.
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13
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Anti-Warburg Effect of Melatonin: A Proposed Mechanism to Explain its Inhibition of Multiple Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020764. [PMID: 33466614 PMCID: PMC7828708 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose is an essential nutrient for every cell but its metabolic fate depends on cellular phenotype. Normally, the product of cytosolic glycolysis, pyruvate, is transported into mitochondria and irreversibly converted to acetyl coenzyme A by pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC). In some pathological cells, however, pyruvate transport into the mitochondria is blocked due to the inhibition of PDC by pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase. This altered metabolism is referred to as aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect) and is common in solid tumors and in other pathological cells. Switching from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis provides diseased cells with advantages because of the rapid production of ATP and the activation of pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) which provides nucleotides required for elevated cellular metabolism. Molecules, called glycolytics, inhibit aerobic glycolysis and convert cells to a healthier phenotype. Glycolytics often function by inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor-1α leading to PDC disinhibition allowing for intramitochondrial conversion of pyruvate into acetyl coenzyme A. Melatonin is a glycolytic which converts diseased cells to the healthier phenotype. Herein we propose that melatonin's function as a glycolytic explains its actions in inhibiting a variety of diseases. Thus, the common denominator is melatonin's action in switching the metabolic phenotype of cells.
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Li X, Chen W, Feng J, Zhao B. The effects of HIF-1α overexpression on renal injury, immune disorders and mitochondrial apoptotic pathways in renal ischemia/reperfusion rats. Transl Androl Urol 2020; 9:2157-2165. [PMID: 33209679 PMCID: PMC7658158 DOI: 10.21037/tau-20-918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Renal ischemia/reperfusion (RI/R) injury are a common pathogenesis of acute kidney injury, which may cause renal parenchyma damage clinically. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) has protective effects on cells in regulating the metabolism, angiogenesis, erythropoiesis, and anti-apoptosis of RI/R injury. However, the specific mechanisms for HIF-1α on RI/R injury are still unclear. This study aims to investigate the effects of HIF-1α overexpression on renal function injury, immune disorder, and mitochondrial apoptosis in RI/R rats. Methods The rat model of RI/R injury was set up. The lentivirus (LV) vector of HIF-1α overexpression was constructed, and then the LV was transfected to the model rats. The rats were randomly divided into four groups: the control group, RI/R group, RI/R + LV group, and RI/R + LV-HIF-1α group for later experiments. The mRNA levels of HIF-1α were detected by RT-PCR. Proteinuria, urea nitrogen, and serum creatinine levels were detected using the relative kit. Pathological damage was detected by HE staining. Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining. Levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were detected by ELISA. Western blotting was used to detect the protein levels of HIF-1α, caspase-3, caspase-9, Bax, Bcl-2, and other proteins. Results Compared with the control group, the mRNA and protein levels of HIF-1α in the RI/R group were increased significantly (P<0.05). Proteinuria, urea nitrogen, serum creatinine levels were increased significantly (P<0.05). The levels of IL-6, IL-1 beta, TNF-α were increased significantly (P<0.05). The ratios of cleaved caspase-3/caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9/caspase-9, and Bax/Bcl-2 were increased significantly (P<0.05). There was a significant increase in apoptosis rate and renal pathological tissue damage (P<0.05). Compared with RI/R+LV group, the mRNA and protein levels of HIF-1α in the RI/R+LV-HIF-1α group were increased significantly (P<0.05). Proteinuria, urea nitrogen, serum creatinine levels were decreased significantly (P<0.05). IL-6, IL-1 beta, TNF-α levels were significantly decreased (P<0.05). IL-10 level was significantly increased (P<0.05). The ratios of cleaved caspase-3/caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9/caspase-9, and Bax/Bcl-2 were significantly reduced (P<0.05), showing that the pathological damage degree and the apoptosis rate was significantly lower. Conclusions HIF-1α overexpression has protective effects on renal ischemia-reperfusion rats by improving pathological injury and immune function, reducing the release of inflammatory factors, and the expression of apoptotic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Li
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Wenhui Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Jinfang Feng
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
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15
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Sun W, Li A, Wang Z, Sun X, Dong M, Qi F, Wang L, Zhang Y, Du P. Tetramethylpyrazine alleviates acute kidney injury by inhibiting NLRP3/HIF‑1α and apoptosis. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:2655-2664. [PMID: 32945382 PMCID: PMC7453617 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect and underlying mechanism of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) on renal ischemia reperfusion injury (RIRI) in rats, which refers to the injury caused by the restoration of blood supply and reperfusion of the kidney after a period of ischemia. Sprague‑Dawley rats were randomly divided into a Sham group, renal ischemia‑reperfusion (I/R) group and TMP group. TMP hydrochloride (40 mg/kg, 6 h intervals) was given via intraperitoneal injection immediately after reperfusion in the TMP group, after 24 h the kidney tissues were taken for follow‑up experiments. Pathological changes in the kidney tissues were observed by periodic acid‑Schiff staining. Renal function was assessed by measuring levels of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, and inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α and interleukin (IL)‑6. Renal cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL‑DAPI double staining, mRNA and protein changes were analyzed by reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and western blotting. Cell viability was measured using a CCK‑8 assay. It was found that the renal tissues of the sham operation group were notably abnormal, and the renal tissues of the I/R group were damaged, while the renal tissues of the TMP group were less damaged compared with those of the I/R group. Compared with the I/R group, the serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels in the TMP group were low (all P<0.05), levels of inflammatory cytokines TNF‑α and IL‑6 decreased, the apoptotic rate was low (all P<0.05), and the relative expression levels of nucleotide‑oligomerization domain‑like receptor 3 (NLRP3) protein and mRNA in renal tissues were low (all P<0.05). The expression levels of hypoxia‑inducible factor 1‑α and NLRP3 increased after oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD), and reduced after treatment with OGD and TMP (all P<0.05). It was concluded that TMP can reduce renal injury and improve renal function in RIRI rats, and its mechanism may be related to the reduction of NLRP3 expression in renal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangnan Sun
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Aiqun Li
- Emergency Department, Yantai Affiliated Hospital, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Xuhong Sun
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Menghua Dong
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Fu Qi
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 264001, P.R. China
| | - Yueheng Zhang
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Pengchao Du
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
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16
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Cilastatin Preconditioning Attenuates Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103583. [PMID: 32438631 PMCID: PMC7279043 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cilastatin is a specific inhibitor of renal dehydrodipeptidase-1. We investigated whether cilastatin preconditioning attenuates renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury via hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) activation. Human proximal tubular cell line (HK-2) was exposed to ischemia, and male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to bilateral kidney ischemia and reperfusion. The effects of cilastatin preconditioning were investigated both in vitro and in vivo. In HK-2 cells, cilastatin upregulated HIF-1α expression in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Cilastatin enhanced HIF-1α translation via the phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR was followed by the upregulation of erythropoietin (EPO) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Cilastatin did not affect the expressions of PHD and VHL. However, HIF-1α ubiquitination was significantly decreased after cilastatin treatment. Cilastatin prevented the IR-induced cell death. These cilastatin effects were reversed by co-treatment of HIF-1α inhibitor or HIF-1α small interfering RNA. Similarly, HIF-1α expression and its upstream and downstream signaling were significantly enhanced in cilastatin-treated kidney. In mouse kidney with IR injury, cilastatin treatment decreased HIF-1α ubiquitination independent of PHD and VHL expression. Serum creatinine level and tubular necrosis, and apoptosis were reduced in cilastatin-treated kidney with IR injury, and co-treatment of cilastatin with an HIF-1α inhibitor reversed these effects. Thus, cilastatin preconditioning attenuated renal IR injury via HIF-1α activation.
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17
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Lo SB, Blaszak RT, Parajuli N. Targeting Mitochondria during Cold Storage to Maintain Proteasome Function and Improve Renal Outcome after Transplantation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3506. [PMID: 32429129 PMCID: PMC7279041 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney transplantation is the preferred treatment for end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Compared to maintenance dialysis, kidney transplantation results in improved patient survival and quality of life. Kidneys from living donors perform best; however, many patients with ESKD depend on kidneys from deceased donors. After procurement, donor kidneys are placed in a cold-storage solution until a suitable recipient is located. Sadly, prolonged cold storage times are associated with inferior transplant outcomes; therefore, in most situations when considering donor kidneys, long cold-storage times are avoided. The identification of novel mechanisms of cold-storage-related renal damage will lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies for preserving donor kidneys; to date, these mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this review, we discuss the importance of mitochondrial and proteasome function, protein homeostasis, and renal recovery during stress from cold storage plus transplantation. Additionally, we discuss novel targets for therapeutic intervention to improve renal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorena B. Lo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Richard T. Blaszak
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Nirmala Parajuli
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
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Pavlacky J, Polak J. Technical Feasibility and Physiological Relevance of Hypoxic Cell Culture Models. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:57. [PMID: 32153502 PMCID: PMC7046623 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is characterized as insufficient oxygen delivery to tissues and cells in the body and is prevalent in many human physiology processes and diseases. Thus, it is an attractive state to experimentally study to understand its inner mechanisms as well as to develop and test therapies against pathological conditions related to hypoxia. Animal models in vivo fail to recapitulate some of the key hallmarks of human physiology, which leads to human cell cultures; however, they are prone to bias, namely when pericellular oxygen concentration (partial pressure) does not respect oxygen dynamics in vivo. A search of the current literature on the topic revealed this was the case for many original studies pertaining to experimental models of hypoxia in vitro. Therefore, in this review, we present evidence mandating for the close control of oxygen levels in cell culture models of hypoxia. First, we discuss the basic physical laws required for understanding the oxygen dynamics in vitro, most notably the limited diffusion through a liquid medium that hampers the oxygenation of cells in conventional cultures. We then summarize up-to-date knowledge of techniques that help standardize the culture environment in a replicable fashion by increasing oxygen delivery to the cells and measuring pericellular levels. We also discuss how these tools may be applied to model both constant and intermittent hypoxia in a physiologically relevant manner, considering known values of partial pressure of tissue normoxia and hypoxia in vivo, compared to conventional cultures incubated at rigid oxygen pressure. Attention is given to the potential influence of three-dimensional tissue cultures and hypercapnia management on these models. Finally, we discuss the implications of these concepts for cell cultures, which try to emulate tissue normoxia, and conclude that the maintenance of precise oxygen levels is important in any cell culture setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Pavlacky
- Department of Pathophysiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- Rare Diseases Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jan Polak
- Department of Pathophysiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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Ozlu H, Cakir Gundogdu A, Elmazoglu Z, Take Kaplanoglu G, Oktar L, Karasu C. Bacopa Monnieri Protects the Directly Affected Organ as Well as Distant Organs Against I/R Injury by Modulating Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Nitrosative Pathways in A Rat Model for Infra-Renal Aortic Occlusion. J INVEST SURG 2020; 34:935-946. [PMID: 32003261 DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2020.1716118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect and underlying mechanisms of B. monnieri, a medicinal plant, on kidney and skeletal muscle injury induced by infra-renal abdominal aorta clamping for 2-hours (ischemia) and following removal of the clamp (reperfusion, 2-hours). METHODS Rats were divided into four groups (n = 6): (I) animals given only saline (sham-control); (II) animals given B. monnieri extract for 10-days (300 mg/kg/day) (Bacopa-treated sham); (III) animals subjected to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R); (IV) animals given B. monnieri extract and then subjected to I/R. Kidneys and lower extremity muscles were examined for GPx, CAT, iNOS, 3-NT, IL-1β and TNF-α. Apoptosis and injury were evaluated by TUNEL and H&E staining, respectively. RESULTS I/R resulted in TUNEL positive cells, periarterial edema and glomerular capillary dilatation, decreased GPx activity, unchanged CAT, iNOS, 3-NT, IL-1β and TNF-α in kidney. B. monnieri minimized renal remote reperfusion injury, and Group IV showed a lower degree of renal histopathology score when compared to the others. B. monnieri mitigated muscle I/R injury, decreased muscle hypertrophy, myofibril abnormalities and apoptosis. Muscle 3-NT and cytokine levels were increased by I/R, and B. monnieri inhibited iNOS and 3-NT both in sham-control and I/R groups. Muscle GPx unaffected by I/R or B. monnieri, but CAT was inhibited only in B. monnieri-treated I/R group. Muscle iNOS, 3-NT, IL-1β, TNF-α levels and CAT activity of B. monnieri-treated I/R rats were lower than those in sham-control or Bacopa-treated sham. CONCLUSIONS B. monnieri can protect the directly affected organ as well as distant organs against I/R injury by modulating anti-inflammatory and anti-nitrosative pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Ozlu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayse Cakir Gundogdu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zubeyir Elmazoglu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Cellular Stress Response & Signal Transduction Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gulnur Take Kaplanoglu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Levent Oktar
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cimen Karasu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Cellular Stress Response & Signal Transduction Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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García-Ortuño LE, Barrera-Chimal J, Pérez-Villalva R, Ortega-Trejo JA, Luna-Bolaños E, Lima-Posada I, Sánchez-Navarro A, Reyes-Castro L, Gamba G, Zambrano E, Bobadilla NA. Resilience to acute kidney injury in offspring of maternal protein restriction. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F1637-F1648. [PMID: 31608674 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00356.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein restriction (PR) during pregnancy induces morphofunctional alterations related to deficient nephrogenesis. We studied the renal functional and morphological significance of PR during pregnancy and/or lactation in adult male rat offspring and the repercussions on acute kidney injury (AKI) severity. Female rats were randomly assigned to the following groups: control diet during pregnancy and lactation (CC), control diet during pregnancy and PR diet during lactation (CR), PR during pregnancy and control diet during lactation (RC), and PR during pregnancy and lactation (RR). Three months after birth, at least 12 male offspring of each group randomly underwent either bilateral renal ischemia for 45 min [ischemia-reperfusion (IR)] or sham surgery. Thus, eight groups were studied 24 h after reperfusion: CC, CC + IR, CR, CR + IR, RC, RC + IR, RR, and RR + IR. Under basal conditions, the CR, RC, and RR groups exhibited a significant reduction in nephron number that was associated with a reduction in renal blood flow. Glomerular hyperfiltration was present as a compensatory mechanism to maintain normal renal function. mRNA levels of several vasoactive, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory molecules were decreased. After IR, renal function was similarly reduced in all of the studied groups. Although all of the offspring from maternal PR exhibited renal injury, the magnitude was lower in the RC and RR groups, which were associated with faster renal blood flow recovery, differential vasoactive factors, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α signaling. Our results show that the offspring from maternal PR are resilient to AKI induced by IR that was associated with reduced tubular injury and a differential hemodynamic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Enrique García-Ortuño
- Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Department of Nephrology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.,Department of Pathology, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jonatan Barrera-Chimal
- Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Translational Medicine Unit, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosalba Pérez-Villalva
- Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Department of Nephrology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Antonio Ortega-Trejo
- Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Department of Nephrology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Emma Luna-Bolaños
- Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Department of Nephrology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ixchel Lima-Posada
- Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Department of Nephrology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Andrea Sánchez-Navarro
- Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Department of Nephrology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Reyes-Castro
- Reproductive Biology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Gamba
- Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Department of Nephrology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.,Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, New Lion, Mexico
| | - Elena Zambrano
- Reproductive Biology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Norma A Bobadilla
- Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Department of Nephrology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
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21
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Ischia J, Bolton DM, Patel O. Why is it worth testing the ability of zinc to protect against ischaemia reperfusion injury for human application. Metallomics 2019; 11:1330-1343. [PMID: 31204765 DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00079h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ischaemia (interruption in the blood/oxygen supply) and subsequent damage induced by reperfusion (restoration of blood/oxygen supply) ultimately leads to cell death, tissue injury and permanent organ dysfunction. The impact of ischaemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is not limited to heart attack and stroke but can be extended to patients undergoing surgeries such as partial nephrectomy for renal cancer, liver resection for colorectal cancer liver metastasis, cardiopulmonary bypass, and organ transplantation. Unfortunately, there are no drugs that can protect organs against the inevitable peril of IRI. Recent data show that a protocol incorporating specific Zn formulation, dosage, number of dosages, time of injection, and mode of Zn delivery (intravenous) and testing of efficacy in a large preclinical sheep model of IRI strongly supports human trials of Zn preconditioning. No doubt, scepticism still exists among funding bodies and research fraternity on whether Zn, a naturally occurring metal, will work where everything else has failed. Therefore, in this article, we review the conflicting evidence on the promoter and protector role of Zn in the case of IRI and highlight factors that may help explain the contradictory evidence. Finally, we review the literature related to the knowledge of Zn's mechanism of action on ROS generation, apoptosis, HIF activation, inflammation, and signal transduction pathways, which highlight Zn's likelihood of success compared to various other interventions targeting IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Ischia
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Studley Rd., Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia. and Department of Urology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Damien M Bolton
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Studley Rd., Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia. and Department of Urology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Oneel Patel
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Studley Rd., Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia.
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Corrigendum to "Targeting HIF-1 α to Prevent Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: Does It Work?". Int J Cell Biol 2019; 2019:9598038. [PMID: 31093289 PMCID: PMC6481153 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9598038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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