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Zhang C, Shen Q, Gao M, Li J, Pang B. The role of Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 3 ( CDKN3) in promoting human tumors: Literature review and pan-cancer analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26061. [PMID: 38380029 PMCID: PMC10877342 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Although many experiments and clinical studies have proved the link between the expression of CDKN3 and human tumors, we have not been able to identify any bioinformatics study in which the extensive tumor-promoting effect of CDKN3 was systematically analyzed. Objective Explore the extensive tumor-promoting effects of CDKN3 and review the research progress of CDKN3 in cancer. Methods We systematically reviewed the literature on CDKN3 and tumors. We explored the potential tumor-promoting effects of CDKN3 on different tumors in the TCGA database and the GTEx database using multiple platforms and websites. We studied the expression level of CDKN3, survival, prognosis, diagnosis, genetic variation, immune infiltration, and enrichment analysis using databases such as TIMER 2.0, GEPIA2, cBioPortal, and STRING. Results We found that CDKN3 is highly expressed in most tumors. The expression of CDKN3 is closely related to the prognosis of some tumors. And CDKN3 may have diagnostic value. The conclusion of our literature review is roughly the same, but there are differences, which are worthy of further study. Moreover, CDKN3 may be related to immune cell infiltration in tumor tissues. The genetic alteration of LUAD, STAD, SARC, PCPG, and ESCA with "Amplification" as the main type. In addition, through enrichment analysis, we found that CDKN3 affects tumors mainly through the control of the cell cycle and mitosis. Conclusion CDKN3 is highly expressed in most tumor tissues and has a statistical correlation with survival prognosis. It has extensive tumor-promoting effects that may be related to mechanisms such as immune infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanlong Zhang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Qian Shen
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Mengqi Gao
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Junchen Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300000, China
| | - Bo Pang
- International Medical Department of Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
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2
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Sun Y, Ma H. Application of three-dimensional cell culture technology in screening anticancer drugs. Biotechnol Lett 2023; 45:1073-1092. [PMID: 37421554 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-023-03410-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
The drug development process involves a variety of drug activity evaluations, which can determine drug efficacy, strictly analyze the biological indicators after the drug action, and use these indicators as the preclinical drug evaluation criteria. At present, most of the screening of preclinical anticancer drugs mainly relies on traditional 2D cell culture. However, this traditional technology cannot simulate the tumor microenvironment in vivo, let alone reflect the characteristics of solid tumors in vivo, and has a relatively poor ability to predict drug activity. 3D cell culture is a technology between 2D cell culture and animal experiments, which can better reflect the biological state in vivo and reduce the consumption of animal experiments. 3D cell culture can link the individual study of cells with the study of the whole organism, reproduce in vitro the biological phenotype of cells in vivo more greatly, and thus predict the activity and resistance of anti-tumor drugs more accurately. In this paper, the common techniques of 3D cell culture are discussed, with emphasis on its main advantages and application in the evaluation of anti-tumor resistance, which can provide strategies for the screening of anti-tumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian Sun
- Oncology laboratory, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
| | - Haiyang Ma
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi, 030024, People's Republic of China
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3
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Torabian P, Yousefi H, Fallah A, Moradi Z, Naderi T, Delavar MR, Ertas YN, Zarrabi A, Aref AR. Cancer stem cell-mediated drug resistance: A comprehensive gene expression profile analysis in breast cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 246:154482. [PMID: 37196466 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy in women and a major public health concern. In the current report, differential expression of the breast cancer resistance promoting genes with a focus on breast cancer stem cell related elements as well as the correlation of their mRNAs with various clinicopathologic characteristics, including molecular subtypes, tumor grade/stage, and methylation status, have been investigated using METABRIC and TCGA datasets. To achieve this goal, we downloaded gene expression data of breast cancer patients from TCGA and METABRIC. Then, statistical analyses were used to assess the correlation between the expression levels of stem cell related drug resistant genes and methylation status, tumor grades, various molecular subtypes, and some cancer hallmark gene sets such as immune evasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis. According to the results of this study, a number of stem cell related drug resistant genes are deregulated in breast cancer patients. Furthermore, we observe negative correlations between methylation of resistance genes and mRNA expression. There is a significant difference in the expression of resistance-promoting genes between different molecular subtypes. As mRNA expression and DNA methylation are clearly related, DNA methylation might be a mechanism that regulates these genes in breast cancer cells. As indicated by the differential expression of resistance-promoting genes among various breast cancer molecular subtypes, these genes may function differently in different subtypes of breast cancer. In conclusion, significant deregulation of resistance-promoting factors indicates that these genes may play a significant role in the development of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedram Torabian
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada; Department of Medical Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Hassan Yousefi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSUHSC School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Aysan Fallah
- Department of hematology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Moradi
- Department of hematology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tohid Naderi
- Department of Laboratory Hematology and Blood Bank, School of Allied Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Rostamian Delavar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Yavuz Nuri Ertas
- ERNAM-Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, 34396 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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4
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ANTXR1 as a potential sensor of extracellular mechanical cues. Acta Biomater 2023; 158:80-86. [PMID: 36638946 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cell adhesion molecules mediate cell-cell or cell-matrix interactions, some of which are mechanical sensors, such as integrins. Emerging evidence indicates that anthrax toxin receptor 1 (ANTXR1), a newly identified cell adhesion molecule, can also sense extracellular mechanical signals such as hydrostatic pressure and extracellular matrix (ECM) rigidity. ANTXR1 can interact with ECM through connecting intracellular cytoskeleton and ECM molecules (just like integrins) to regulate numerous biological processes, such as cell adhesion, cell migration or ECM homeostasis. Although with high structural similarity to integrins, its functions and downstream signal transduction are independent from those of integrins. In this perspective, based on existing evidence in literature, we analyzed the structural and functional evidence that ANTXR1 can act as a potential sensor for extracellular mechanical cues. To our knowledge, this is the first in-depth overview of ANTXR1 from the perspective of mechanobiology. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: An overview of ANTXR1 from the perspective of mechanobiology; An analysis of mechanical sensitivity of ANTXR1 in structure and function; A summary of existing evidence of ANTXR1 as a potential mechanosensor.
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5
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Kaminski MF, Bendzick L, Hopps R, Kauffman M, Kodal B, Soignier Y, Hinderlie P, Walker JT, Lenvik TR, Geller MA, Miller JS, Felices M. TEM8 Tri-specific Killer Engager binds both tumor and tumor stroma to specifically engage natural killer cell anti-tumor activity. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:e004725. [PMID: 36162918 PMCID: PMC9516302 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-004725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tumor microenvironment contains stromal cells, including endothelial cells and fibroblasts, that aid tumor growth and impair immune cell function. Many solid tumors remain difficult to cure because of tumor-promoting stromal cells, but current therapies targeting tumor stromal cells are constrained by modest efficacy and toxicities. TEM8 is a surface antigen selectively upregulated on tumor and tumor stromal cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts that may be targeted with specific natural killer (NK) cell engagement. METHODS A Tri-specific Killer Engager (TriKE) against TEM8-'cam1615TEM8'-was generated using a mammalian expression system. Its function on NK cells was assessed by evaluation of degranulation, inflammatory cytokine production, and killing against tumor and stroma cell lines in standard co-culture and spheroid assays. cam1615TEM8-mediated proliferation and STAT5 phosphorylation in NK cells was tested and compared with T cells by flow cytometry. NK cell proliferation, tumor infiltration, and tumor and tumor-endothelium killing by cam1615TEM8 and interleukin-15 (IL-15) were assessed in NOD scid gamma (NSG) mice. RESULTS cam1615TEM8 selectively stimulates NK cell degranulation and inflammatory cytokine production against TEM8-expressing tumor and stromal cell lines. The increased activation translated to superior NK cell killing of TEM8-expressing tumor spheroids. cam1615TEM8 selectively stimulated NK cell but not T cell proliferation in vitro and enhanced NK cell proliferation, survival, and tumor infiltration in vivo. Finally, cam1615TEM8 stimulated NK cell killing of tumor and tumor endothelial cells in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that the cam1615TEM8 TriKE is a novel anti-tumor, anti-stroma, and anti-angiogenic cancer therapy for patients with solid tumors. This multifunctional molecule works by selectively targeting and activating NK cells by costimulation with IL-15, and then targeting that activity to TEM8+ tumor cells and TEM8+ tumor stroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Kaminski
- Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Laura Bendzick
- Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Rachel Hopps
- Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Marissa Kauffman
- Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Behiye Kodal
- Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Yvette Soignier
- Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Peter Hinderlie
- Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Joshua T Walker
- Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Todd R Lenvik
- Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Melissa A Geller
- Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Miller
- Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Martin Felices
- Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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6
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Corbett V, Hallenbeck P, Rychahou P, Chauhan A. Evolving role of seneca valley virus and its biomarker TEM8/ANTXR1 in cancer therapeutics. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:930207. [PMID: 36090051 PMCID: PMC9458967 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.930207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses have made a significant inroad in cancer drug development. Numerous clinical trials are currently investigating oncolytic viruses both as single agents or in combination with various immunomodulators. Oncolytic viruses (OV) are an integral pillar of immuno-oncology and hold potential for not only delivering durable anti-tumor responses but also converting “cold” tumors to “hot” tumors. In this review we will discuss one such promising oncolytic virus called Seneca Valley Virus (SVV-001) and its therapeutic implications. SVV development has seen seismic evolution over the past decade and now boasts of being the only OV with a practically applicable biomarker for viral tropism. We discuss relevant preclinical and clinical data involving SVV and how bio-selecting for TEM8/ANTXR1, a negative tumor prognosticator can lead to first of its kind biomarker driven oncolytic viral cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Corbett
- Department of Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Piotr Rychahou
- Department of Surgery, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Aman Chauhan
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- *Correspondence: Aman Chauhan,
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7
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Dong Z, Zhang J, Niu L, Hou G, Gao Z, Yang Q. miR-381-3p Involves in Glioma Progression by Suppressing Tumor-Promoter Factor ANTXR1. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2021; 2021:4883509. [PMID: 34956398 PMCID: PMC8702332 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4883509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating studies revealed association between development of glioma and miRNA dysregulation. A case in point is miR-381-3p, but its mechanism in glioma is unclear yet. In this work, we confirmed that overexpressed miR-381-3p repressed biological functions of glioma cells. Additionally, we also discovered that upregulated anthrax toxin receptor 1 (ANTXR1) was negatively mediated by miR-381-3p. We further proved that miR-381-3p-targeted ANTXR1 was able to counteract the suppression of miR-381-3p on biological functions of glioma. We concluded that miR-381-3p and ANTXR1 were both important factors in modulating glioma progression. miR-381-3p/ANTXR1 axis is expected to be a molecular target for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Jinglong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Liang Niu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Guokuo Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Zhenshan Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Qiang Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou 730030, China
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8
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Zhang A, Aslam H, Sharma N, Warmflash A, Fakhouri WD. Conservation of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Process in Neural Crest Cells and Metastatic Cancer. Cells Tissues Organs 2021; 210:151-172. [PMID: 34218225 DOI: 10.1159/000516466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a highly conserved cellular process in several species, from worms to humans. EMT plays a fundamental role in early embryogenesis, wound healing, and cancer metastasis. For neural crest cell (NCC) development, EMT typically results in forming a migratory and potent cell population that generates a wide variety of cell and tissue, including cartilage, bone, connective tissue, endocrine cells, neurons, and glia amongst many others. The degree of conservation between the signaling pathways that regulate EMT during development and metastatic cancer (MC) has not been fully established, despite ample studies. This systematic review and meta-analysis dissects the major signaling pathways involved in EMT of NCC development and MC to unravel the similarities and differences. While the FGF, TGFβ/BMP, SHH, and NOTCH pathways have been rigorously investigated in both systems, the EGF, IGF, HIPPO, Factor Receptor Superfamily, and their intracellular signaling cascades need to be the focus of future NCC studies. In general, meta-analyses of the associated signaling pathways show a significant number of overlapping genes (particularly ligands, transcription regulators, and targeted cadherins) involved in each signaling pathway of both systems without stratification by body segments and cancer type. Lack of stratification makes it difficult to meaningfully evaluate the intracellular downstream effectors of each signaling pathway. Finally, pediatric neuroblastoma and melanoma are NCC-derived malignancies, which emphasize the importance of uncovering the EMT events that convert NCC into treatment-resistant malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- April Zhang
- Center for Craniofacial Research, Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hira Aslam
- Center for Craniofacial Research, Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Neha Sharma
- Center for Craniofacial Research, Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Aryeh Warmflash
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Walid D Fakhouri
- Center for Craniofacial Research, Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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9
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Zhang Z, Zhang H, Liu T, Chen T, Wang D, Tang D. Heterogeneous Pancreatic Stellate Cells Are Powerful Contributors to the Malignant Progression of Pancreatic Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:783617. [PMID: 34988078 PMCID: PMC8722736 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.783617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is associated with highly malignant tumors and poor prognosis due to strong therapeutic resistance. Accumulating evidence shows that activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSC) play an important role in the malignant progression of pancreatic cancer. In recent years, the rapid development of single-cell sequencing technology has facilitated the analysis of PSC population heterogeneity, allowing for the elucidation of the relationship between different subsets of cells with tumor development and therapeutic resistance. Researchers have identified two spatially separated, functionally complementary, and reversible subtypes, namely myofibroblastic and inflammatory PSC. Myofibroblastic PSC produce large amounts of pro-fibroproliferative collagen fibers, whereas inflammatory PSC express large amounts of inflammatory cytokines. These distinct cell subtypes cooperate to create a microenvironment suitable for cancer cell survival. Therefore, further understanding of the differentiation of PSC and their distinct functions will provide insight into more effective treatment options for pancreatic cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilin Zhang
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tian Liu
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tian Chen
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Daorong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Institute of General Surgery, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Dong Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Clinical Medical College, Institute of General Surgery, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Dong Tang,
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10
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Huang X, Zhang J, Zheng Y. ANTXR1 Is a Prognostic Biomarker and Correlates With Stromal and Immune Cell Infiltration in Gastric Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:598221. [PMID: 33385012 PMCID: PMC7770144 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.598221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a complex and heterogeneous disease, making it difficult to ascertain the optimal therapeutic approach for individual GC patients. Stromal and immune cell infiltration in GC has a strong correlation with clinical outcomes; however, the underlying mechanisms that drive immunosuppression remain vastly undiscovered. Recent studies validated that anthrax toxin receptor 1 (ANTXR1) is aberrantly expressed in several cancers and holds promise as a new therapeutic target for cancer. However, its immunological roles in GC are still unclear. Here, we show that we identify the distinct stromal and immune cell infiltration in GC between the high and low ANTXR1 expression group by analyzing genomic data. Clinically, ANTXR1 is highly expressed in GC and correlates with adverse clinicopathological characteristics. Additionally, high ANTXR1 expression is linked to markedly poor clinical outcomes and resistance to chemotherapy, whereas the low ANTXR1 expression group is correlated with better outcomes and response to chemotherapy in GC patients. We further revealed the differential landscape of somatic tumor mutation burden (TMB) between the two groups and observed that patients with high ANTXR1 expression suffered from a lower TMB, potentially leading to less sensitivity to checkpoint therapy. Molecularly, results displayed that ANTXR1 is an immunosuppressive element, which may perform its function via promoting the secretion of immunosuppressive factors that play a significant role in modulating tumor-associated fibroblast transformation, M2 macrophage polarization, and T cell exhaustion. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that cancer-related pathways including epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, focal adhesion, and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathways were enriched in high ANTXR1 expression tumors. Our work suggests that ANTXR1 could not only serve as a valuable prognostic biomarker in GC but also be deemed as a potential immunotherapeutic target and useful biomarker of sensitivity to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongbin Zheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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11
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Valle S, Alcalá S, Martin-Hijano L, Cabezas-Sáinz P, Navarro D, Muñoz ER, Yuste L, Tiwary K, Walter K, Ruiz-Cañas L, Alonso-Nocelo M, Rubiolo JA, González-Arnay E, Heeschen C, Garcia-Bermejo L, Hermann PC, Sánchez L, Sancho P, Fernández-Moreno MÁ, Sainz B. Exploiting oxidative phosphorylation to promote the stem and immunoevasive properties of pancreatic cancer stem cells. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5265. [PMID: 33067432 PMCID: PMC7567808 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18954-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the fourth leading cause of cancer death, has a 5-year survival rate of approximately 7-9%. The ineffectiveness of anti-PDAC therapies is believed to be due to the existence of a subpopulation of tumor cells known as cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are functionally plastic, and have exclusive tumorigenic, chemoresistant and metastatic capacities. Herein, we describe a 2D in vitro system for long-term enrichment of pancreatic CSCs that is amenable to biological and CSC-specific studies. By changing the carbon source from glucose to galactose in vitro, we force PDAC cells to utilize OXPHOS, resulting in enrichment of CSCs defined by increased CSC biomarker and pluripotency gene expression, greater tumorigenic potential, induced but reversible quiescence, increased OXPHOS activity, enhanced invasiveness, and upregulated immune evasion properties. This CSC enrichment method can facilitate the discovery of new CSC-specific hallmarks for future development into targets for PDAC-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Valle
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Stem Cells and Fibroinflammatory Microenvironment Group, Chronic Diseases and Cancer Area 3 - Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Alcalá
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Stem Cells and Fibroinflammatory Microenvironment Group, Chronic Diseases and Cancer Area 3 - Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Martin-Hijano
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Stem Cells and Fibroinflammatory Microenvironment Group, Chronic Diseases and Cancer Area 3 - Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Cabezas-Sáinz
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Diego Navarro
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Stem Cells and Fibroinflammatory Microenvironment Group, Chronic Diseases and Cancer Area 3 - Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Lourdes Yuste
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Stem Cells and Fibroinflammatory Microenvironment Group, Chronic Diseases and Cancer Area 3 - Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Kanishka Tiwary
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Karolin Walter
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Laura Ruiz-Cañas
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Stem Cells and Fibroinflammatory Microenvironment Group, Chronic Diseases and Cancer Area 3 - Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Alonso-Nocelo
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Stem Cells and Fibroinflammatory Microenvironment Group, Chronic Diseases and Cancer Area 3 - Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan A Rubiolo
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | | | - Christopher Heeschen
- Stem Cells & Cancer Group, Molecular Pathology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Center for Single-Cell Omics and Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | - Laura Sánchez
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | | | - Miguel Ángel Fernández-Moreno
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Bruno Sainz
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.
- Cancer Stem Cells and Fibroinflammatory Microenvironment Group, Chronic Diseases and Cancer Area 3 - Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.
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12
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Cai C, Dang W, Liu S, Huang L, Li Y, Li G, Yan S, Jiang C, Song X, Hu Y, Gu J. Anthrax toxin receptor 1/tumor endothelial marker 8 promotes gastric cancer progression through activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:1132-1145. [PMID: 31977138 PMCID: PMC7156833 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthrax toxin receptor 1 (ANTXR1), a type I transmembrane protein, is one of the receptors that facilitates the entrance of anthrax toxin into cells. Previous studies have confirmed the pivotal role of ANTXR1 in progression and tumorigenesis of diverse cancer types. However, the biological function of ANTXR1 in gastric cancer (GC) is still unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the role of ANTXR1 in GC and illuminate the potential molecular mechanisms. Bioinformatics analysis found that ANTXR1 expression was significantly upregulated in GC tissue and its overexpression was associated with poor prognosis of GC patients. Moreover, we confirmed the upregulation of ANTXR1 in GC cell lines and GC tissue by quantitative PCR, western blot analysis, and immunohistochemical analysis. Additionally, high protein expression level of ANTXR1 was positively associated with several clinicopathological parameters in GC patients. In our study, a series of in vitro and in vivo assays were undertaken through strategies of loss/gain‐of‐function and rescue assays. Consequently, our results indicated that ANTXR1 induced proliferation, cell cycle progression, invasion and migration, and tumorigenicity and induced suppressed apoptosis in GC. Mechanistic investigation indicated that ANTXR1 exerted its promoting effects on GC through activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. In conclusion, our findings suggested that ANTXR1 plays a crucial role in the development and progression of GC and could serve as a novel prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Dang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Shilei Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoqiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyuan Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengkai Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoling Song
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunping Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Gu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
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