Long-Term Follow-Up after Conservative Surgical Treatment of Odontogenic Myxoma: A Case Report and Literature Review

[Use of current imaging tools for the study of odontogenic myxoma. A review of the literature]

Odontogenic myxoma (OM) is currently classified as a benign tumor of ectomesenchymal origin, observed between the second and fourth decade of age, with a predilection in women and predominance in the mandibular region, composed of rounded and angular cells embedded in an abundant myxoid stroma, of aggressive biological behavior, having the characteristic of being locally infiltrative. Tumor cells spread in the intratrabecular space beyond the bone limit, making it difficult to determine the edge of the tumor, even without cortical continuity, presenting intermittent direct contact with soft tissue; the appearance can be unilocular (small lesions), or commonly the typical image is that of a destructive lesion with poorly defined borders with a multilocular growth pattern, for which the use of advanced medical images such as Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CTHC), Computed Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), are useful to establish an adequate diagnosis with the ability to point out the characteristics of OM with precision and three-dimensional perspective. This review presents a systematic analysis of the types of imaging tools currently used for the study of OM.

Odontogenic Myxoma: Follow-Up of 13 cases after conservative surgical treatment and review of the literature

Background

We aim to report a serie of odontogenic myxoma over a 40-year period.

Material and Methods

We conducted a retrospective and sectional review of OM cases. The clinical, radiographic and treatment data were collected from clinical records included cases whose medical records contained clinical, radiographic, histopathological, follow-up data of at least six months.

Results

There was a mild preference for the male with a mean age of 22.8 years. Seventy-seven percent of the lesions occurred in the posterior region of the mandible, presenting a multilocular radiolucent aspect (54%) with one presenting symptomatology. Conservative treatment was performed in all patients initially and recurrence was observed in two cases.

Conclusions

Odontogenic myxoma has a well-defined clinical profile and the choice of treatment should consider aspects such as patient’s age, lesion size, and location.

Key words:Myxoma, odontogenic tumors, diagnosis, treatment.