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Jazi K, Faraji Z, Aghaei F, Shahhamzeh A, Tabaraii R, Masoumi M. Generalized lymphadenopathy in the presence of acute Epstein-Barr virus infection as the initial manifestation of systemic lupus erythematous: A case report. Clin Case Rep 2024; 12:e9134. [PMID: 38952465 PMCID: PMC11215524 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.9134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Key Clinical Message Clinicians should carefully consider generalized lymphadenopathy, particularly post viral infections, as one of the possible systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) first signs regarding unusual joint involvements such as sacroiliitis. Late diagnosis of this autoimmune inflammatory disease, could lead to irreversible morbidity and higher mortality. Abstract Lymphadenopathy could represent various etiologies, including infections, malignancies, and rheumatologic diseases. SLE is known as the great mimicker which could be presented with different first manifestations. We report a 42-year-old woman in the acute phase of Epstein-Barr infection, admitted with polyarticular peripheral arthritis, sacroiliitis, and generalized lymphadenopathy. She had no similar history or taken unpasteurized dairy. Nodes were soft, mobile, and tender without skin change on top. During the process, she was diagnosed with SLE and discharged with prednisolone 30 mg/day and hydroxychloroquine 400 mg/day. After 2 weeks of follow-up, all lymphadenopathy and symptoms were diminished. This case underscores the thousand faces innate of SLE. Clinical awareness would lead to an accurate diagnosis and early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimia Jazi
- Student Research CommitteeFaculty of Medicine, Medical University of QomQomIran
- Clinical Research and Development CenterShahid Beheshti Hospital, Qom University of Medical SciencesQomIran
| | - Zahra Faraji
- Clinical Research and Development CenterShahid Beheshti Hospital, Qom University of Medical SciencesQomIran
| | - Fateme Aghaei
- Student Research CommitteeFaculty of Medicine, Medical University of QomQomIran
- Clinical Research and Development CenterShahid Beheshti Hospital, Qom University of Medical SciencesQomIran
| | - Alireza Shahhamzeh
- School of MedicineShahid Beheshti Hospital, Qom University of Medical SciencesQomIran
| | - Reihane Tabaraii
- Clinical Research and Development CenterShahid Beheshti Hospital, Qom University of Medical SciencesQomIran
| | - Maryam Masoumi
- Clinical Research and Development CenterShahid Beheshti Hospital, Qom University of Medical SciencesQomIran
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Githaiga FM, Omwenga GI, Ngugi MP. In vivo ameliorative effects of vitamin E against hydralazine-induced lupus. Lupus Sci Med 2023; 10:e001033. [PMID: 37989321 PMCID: PMC10660647 DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2023-001033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we investigated the in vivo ameliorative effects of vitamin E in a hydralazine-induced lupus model, which closely resembles SLE in humans. We aim to shed light on its potential as a therapeutic agent for managing SLE. METHODS Forty BALB/c mice were used in this study. Hydralazine hydrochloride was orally administered in a concentration of 25 mg/kg to the five mice groups once weekly for a period of 5 weeks to induce a lupus-like condition. The untreated group was the normal control group. To confirm the development of lupus, an ANA test was conducted. After the mice tested positive for ANA, drug treatments commenced. The negative control group did not receive any drug treatment. The treatments included prednisolone, methotrexate and vitamin E, all administered at a concentration of 25 mg/kg, with a higher dose of vitamin E (50 mg/kg) also administered. RESULTS Notably, on day 35, after drug treatment, we observed that mice that received vitamin E at a dosage of 50 mg/kg (3.01±0.100) had a slight decrease in lymphocyte hydrogen peroxide radicals when compared with the group receiving 25 mg/kg of vitamin E (3.30±0.100) (p<0.05). This finding suggests that the scavenging potential of vitamin E is dose dependent. CONCLUSION This study suggests that vitamin E supplementation, especially at a higher dose (50 mg/kg), holds promise in ameliorating lupus-like conditions. These findings warrant further exploration and may offer a potential avenue for improving the disease status of patients experiencing SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Muthoni Githaiga
- Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Kenyatta University School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - George Isanda Omwenga
- Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Kenyatta University School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mathew Piero Ngugi
- Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Kenyatta University School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Nairobi, Kenya
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Heron R, Amato C, Wood W, Davidson AJ. Understanding the diversity and dynamics of in vivo efferocytosis: Insights from the fly embryo. Immunol Rev 2023; 319:27-44. [PMID: 37589239 PMCID: PMC10952863 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The clearance of dead and dying cells, termed efferocytosis, is a rapid and efficient process and one that is critical for organismal health. The extraordinary speed and efficiency with which dead cells are detected and engulfed by immune cells within tissues presents a challenge to researchers who wish to unravel this fascinating process, since these fleeting moments of uptake are almost impossible to catch in vivo. In recent years, the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) embryo has emerged as a powerful model to circumvent this problem. With its abundance of dying cells, specialist phagocytes and relative ease of live imaging, the humble fly embryo provides a unique opportunity to catch and study the moment of cell engulfment in real-time within a living animal. In this review, we explore the recent advances that have come from studies in the fly, and how live imaging and genetics have revealed a previously unappreciated level of diversity in the efferocytic program. A variety of efferocytic strategies across the phagocytic cell population ensure efficient and rapid clearance of corpses wherever death is encountered within the varied and complex setting of a multicellular living organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalind Heron
- Institute for Regeneration and RepairUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Clelia Amato
- Institute for Regeneration and RepairUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Will Wood
- Institute for Regeneration and RepairUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Andrew J. Davidson
- Institute for Regeneration and RepairUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- School of Cancer SciencesWolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of GlasgowGlasgowUK
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Zhang L, Li M, Wang Y, Liu Y, Zhang F, Lin Z, Zhang Y, Ma M, Wang S. Hollow-polydopamine-nanocarrier-based near-infrared-light/pH-responsive drug delivery system for diffuse alveolar hemorrhage treatment. Front Chem 2023; 11:1222107. [PMID: 37398980 PMCID: PMC10308381 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1222107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) is a serious complication caused by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Tissue damage and changes in immune response are all associated with excessive free radical production. Therefore, removing excess reactive oxygen species are considered a feasible scheme for diffuse alveolar hemorrhage treatment. Cyclophosphamide is often used as the main therapeutic drug in clinics. However, CTX carries a high risk of dose-increasing toxicity, treatment intolerance, and high recurrence rate. The combination of therapeutic drugs and functional nanocarriers may provide an effective solution. PDA is rich in phenolic groups, which can remove the reactive oxygen species generated in inflammatory reactions, and can serve as excellent free radical scavengers. Methods: We developed a hollow polydopamine (HPDA) nanocarrier loaded with CTX by ionization to prepare the novel nanoplatform, CTX@HPDA, for DAH treatment. The monodisperse silica nanoparticles were acquired by reference to the typical Stober method. PDA was coated on the surface of SiO2 by oxidation self-polymerization method to obtain SiO2@PDA NPs. Then, HPDA NPs were obtained by HF etching. Then HPDA was loaded with CTX by ionization to prepare CTX@HPDA. Then we tested the photothermal effect, animal model therapeutics effect, and biosafety of CTX@HPDA. Results: Material tests showed that the CTX@ HPDA nanoplatform had a uniform diameter and could release CTX in acidic environments. The vitro experiments demonstrated that CTX@HPDA has good photothermal conversion ability and photothermal stability. Animal experiments demonstrated that the CTX@HPDA nanoplatform had good biocompatibility. The nanoplatform can dissociate in acidic SLE environment and trigger CTX release through photothermal conversion. Combining HPDA, which scavenges oxygen free radicals, and CTX, which has immunosuppressive effect, can treat pulmonary hemorrhage in SLE. Micro-CT can be used to continuously analyze DAH severity and lung changes in mice after treatment. The pulmonary exudation in the various treatment groups improved to varying degrees. Discussion: In this study, we report a photothermal/PH-triggered nanocarrier (CTX@HPDA) for the precise treatment of SLE-DAH. CTX@HPDA is a simple and efficient nanocarrier system for DAH therapy. This work provides valuable insights into SLE treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Zhang
- Lab of Molecular Imaging and Medical Intelligence, Department of Radiology, Longgang Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mifang Li
- Lab of Molecular Imaging and Medical Intelligence, Department of Radiology, Longgang Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yeying Wang
- Medical Frontier Innovation Research Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yibiao Liu
- Lab of Molecular Imaging and Medical Intelligence, Department of Radiology, Longgang Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Feiyuan Zhang
- Lab of Molecular Imaging and Medical Intelligence, Department of Radiology, Longgang Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhihao Lin
- Lab of Molecular Imaging and Medical Intelligence, Department of Radiology, Longgang Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuling Zhang
- Lab of Molecular Imaging and Medical Intelligence, Department of Radiology, Longgang Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mingliang Ma
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shouju Wang
- Lab of Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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He Y, Cao N, Tian Y, Wang X, Xiao Q, Tang X, Huang J, Zhu T, Hu C, Zhang Y, Deng J, Yu H, Duan P. Development and validation of two redox-related genes associated with prognosis and immune microenvironment in endometrial carcinoma. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2023; 20:10339-10357. [PMID: 37322935 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2023453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In recent studies, the tumourigenesis and development of endometrial carcinoma (EC) have been correlated significantly with redox. We aimed to develop and validate a redox-related prognostic model of patients with EC to predict the prognosis and the efficacy of immunotherapy. We downloaded gene expression profiles and clinical information of patients with EC from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Ontology (GO) dataset. We identified two key differentially expressed redox genes (CYBA and SMPD3) by univariate Cox regression and utilised them to calculate the risk score of all samples. Based on the median of risk scores, we composed low-and high-risk groups and performed correlation analysis with immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoints. Finally, we constructed a nomogram of the prognostic model based on clinical factors and the risk score. We verified the predictive performance using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and calibration curves. CYBA and SMPD3 were significantly related to the prognosis of patients with EC and used to construct a risk model. There were significant differences in survival, immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoints between the low-and high-risk groups. The nomogram developed with clinical indicators and the risk scores was effective in predicting the prognosis of patients with EC. In this study, a prognostic model constructed based on two redox-related genes (CYBA and SMPD3) were proved to be independent prognostic factors of EC and associated with tumour immune microenvironment. The redox signature genes have the potential to predict the prognosis and the immunotherapy efficacy of patients with EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan He
- Postgraduate Union Training Base of Jinzhou Medical University, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang 441000, China
- Affiliation Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases of Xiangyang City, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang 441000, China
| | - Nannan Cao
- Affiliation Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases of Xiangyang City, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang 441000, China
| | - Yanan Tian
- Postgraduate Union Training Base of Jinzhou Medical University, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang 441000, China
- Affiliation Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases of Xiangyang City, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang 441000, China
| | - Xuelin Wang
- Affiliation Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases of Xiangyang City, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang 441000, China
| | - Qiaohong Xiao
- Affiliation Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases of Xiangyang City, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang 441000, China
| | - Xiaojuan Tang
- Department of Radiography center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Jiaolong Huang
- Affiliation Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases of Xiangyang City, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang 441000, China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- Affiliation Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases of Xiangyang City, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang 441000, China
| | - Chunhui Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang 441000, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Jie Deng
- Affiliation Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases of Xiangyang City, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang 441000, China
| | - Han Yu
- Affiliation Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases of Xiangyang City, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang 441000, China
- Department of Pathology, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang 441000, China
| | - Peng Duan
- Affiliation Key Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases of Xiangyang City, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang 441000, China
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6
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Quintero-González DC, Muñoz-Urbano M, Vásquez G. Mitochondria as a key player in systemic lupus erythematosus. Autoimmunity 2022; 55:497-505. [PMID: 35978536 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2022.2112181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a heterogeneous, multisystemic autoimmune disease with a broad clinical spectrum. Loss of self-tolerance and chronic inflammation are critical markers of SLE pathogenesis. Although alterations in adaptive immunity are widely recognized, increasing reports indicate the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in activating pathogenic pathways involving the innate immune system. Among these, disarrangements in mitochondrial DNA copy number and heteroplasmy percentage are related to SLE activity. Furthermore, increased oxidative stress contributes to post-translational changes in different molecules (proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids), release of oxidized mitochondrial DNA through a pore of voltage-dependent anion channel oligomers, and spontaneous mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein oligomerization. Finally, a reduction in mitophagy, apoptosis induction, and NETosis has been reported in SLE. Most of these pathways lead to persistent and inappropriate exposure to oxidized mitochondrial DNA, which can stimulate plasmacytoid dendritic cells, enhance autoreactive lymphocyte activation, and release increased amounts of interferons through stimulation of toll-like receptors and cytosolic DNA sensors. Likewise, abnormal T-cell receptor activation, decreased regulatory T cells, enhanced Th17 phenotypes, and increased monocyte maturation to dendritic cells have also been observed in SLE. Targeting the players involved in mitochondrial damage can ultimately help.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcela Muñoz-Urbano
- Rheumatology Section, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - G Vásquez
- Rheumatology Section, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.,Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética (GICIC), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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7
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Skeens E, Gadzuk-Shea M, Shah D, Bhandari V, Schweppe DK, Berlow RB, Lisi GP. Redox-dependent structure and dynamics of macrophage migration inhibitory factor reveal sites of latent allostery. Structure 2022; 30:840-850.e6. [PMID: 35381187 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a multifunctional immunoregulatory protein that is a key player in the innate immune response. Given its overexpression at sites of inflammation and in diseases marked by increasingly oxidative environments, a comprehensive understanding of how cellular redox conditions impact the structure and function of MIF is necessary. We used NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry to investigate biophysical signatures of MIF under varied solution redox conditions. Our results indicate that the MIF structure is modified and becomes increasingly dynamic in an oxidative environment, which may be a means to alter the MIF conformation and functional response in a redox-dependent manner. We identified latent allosteric sites within MIF through mutational analysis of redox-sensitive residues, revealing that a loss of redox-responsive residues attenuates CD74 receptor activation. Leveraging sites of redox sensitivity as targets for structure-based drug design therefore reveals an avenue to modulate MIF function in its "disease state."
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Skeens
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, & Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Meagan Gadzuk-Shea
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Dilip Shah
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
| | - Vineet Bhandari
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
| | - Devin K Schweppe
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Rebecca B Berlow
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - George P Lisi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, & Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
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8
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Zang L, Huang H, Li X, Ju Y, Feng B, Lu J. PEGylated near-infrared fluorescence probe for mitochondria-targetable hydrogen peroxide detection. Talanta 2022; 243:123370. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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9
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Kapoor P, Kumar S. Hydrogen peroxide in dermatology. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2021; 89:310-312. [PMID: 34623047 DOI: 10.25259/ijdvl_292_2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Priya Kapoor
- Department of Dermatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Sumir Kumar
- Department of Dermatology, Guru Gobind Singh Medical College, Faridkot, Punjab, India
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10
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Fresneda Alarcon M, McLaren Z, Wright HL. Neutrophils in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Same Foe Different M.O. Front Immunol 2021; 12:649693. [PMID: 33746988 PMCID: PMC7969658 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.649693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated neutrophil activation contributes to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Neutrophil-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) and granule proteases are implicated in damage to and destruction of host tissues in both conditions (cartilage in RA, vascular tissue in SLE) and also in the pathogenic post-translational modification of DNA and proteins. Neutrophil-derived cytokines and chemokines regulate both the innate and adaptive immune responses in RA and SLE, and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) expose nuclear neoepitopes (citrullinated proteins in RA, double-stranded DNA and nuclear proteins in SLE) to the immune system, initiating the production of auto-antibodies (ACPA in RA, anti-dsDNA and anti-acetylated/methylated histones in SLE). Neutrophil apoptosis is dysregulated in both conditions: in RA, delayed apoptosis within synovial joints contributes to chronic inflammation, immune cell recruitment and prolonged release of proteolytic enzymes, whereas in SLE enhanced apoptosis leads to increased apoptotic burden associated with development of anti-nuclear auto-antibodies. An unbalanced energy metabolism in SLE and RA neutrophils contributes to the pathology of both diseases; increased hypoxia and glycolysis in RA drives neutrophil activation and NET production, whereas decreased redox capacity increases ROS-mediated damage in SLE. Neutrophil low-density granulocytes (LDGs), present in high numbers in the blood of both RA and SLE patients, have opposing phenotypes contributing to clinical manifestations of each disease. In this review we will describe the complex and contrasting phenotype of neutrophils and LDGs in RA and SLE and discuss their discrete roles in the pathogenesis of each condition. We will also review our current understanding of transcriptomic and metabolomic regulation of neutrophil phenotype in RA and SLE and discuss opportunities for therapeutic targeting of neutrophil activation in inflammatory auto-immune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Fresneda Alarcon
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Zoe McLaren
- Liverpool University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Louise Wright
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Han P, Weng W, Chen Y, Cai Y, Wang Y, Wang M, Zhan H, Yuan C, Yu X, Shao M, Sun H. Niclosamide ethanolamine attenuates systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis in MRL/lpr mice. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:5015-5031. [PMID: 33042403 PMCID: PMC7540117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with multiple organ involvement. Lupus nephritis (LN) is a severe manifestation of the disease and the most common cause of mortality in SLE patients. The etiology of LN is multifactorial and accumulating evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to LN initiation and progression. Mild mitochondrial uncoupler niclosamide ethanolamine salt (NEN) has recently been shown to be efficacious in the treatment of both diabetic kidney disease and non-diabetic adriamycin nephropathy. However, its role in autoimmune kidney disease has not been explored. Here, we report for the first time that NEN attenuated SLE and lupus nephritis in MRL/lpr mice. NEN treatment reduced urinary protein excretion and attenuated glomerular lesions in this model. NEN treatment also decreased urinary excretion of tubular injury biomarkers NGAL and Kim-1, restored renal tubule phenotypic alterations, inhibited tubular proliferation, and suppressed renal interstitial inflammation and fibrosis. In addition, NEN diet supplementation restored redox imbalance, promoted mitochondrial biogenesis, and improved energy dysregulation in the kidney. Importantly, NEN prevented the enlargement of lymph nodes and the spleen, and decreased serum anti-dsDNA antibody levels in the MRL/lpr mice. Therefore, our data suggest that this mild mitochondrial uncoupling agent has great potential for translational application as a novel therapy for autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengxun Han
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineShenzhen, China
| | - Wenci Weng
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineShenzhen, China
| | - Yinghui Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineShenzhen, China
| | - Yuchun Cai
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineShenzhen, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineShenzhen, China
| | - Menghua Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineShenzhen, China
| | - Hongyue Zhan
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineShenzhen, China
| | - Changjian Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineShenzhen, China
| | - Xuewen Yu
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhou, China
| | - Mumin Shao
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhou, China
| | - Huili Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineShenzhen, China
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Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: Signaling Properties and Disease Relevance. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:9254087. [PMID: 32774152 PMCID: PMC7407020 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9254087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are characterized as extracellular DNA fibers comprised of histone and cytoplasmic granule proteins. NETs were first described as a form of innate response against pathogen invasion, which can capture pathogens, degrade bacterial toxic factors, and kill bacteria. Additionally, NETs also provide a scaffold for protein and cell binding. Protein binding to NETs further activate the coagulation system which participates in thrombosis. In addition, NETs also can damage the tissues due to the proteins they carry. Many studies have suggested that the excessive formation of NETs may contribute to a range of diseases, including thrombosis, atherosclerosis, autoimmune diseases, and sepsis. In this review, we describe the structure and components of NETs, models of NET formation, and detection methods. We also discuss the molecular mechanism of NET formation and their disease relevance. Modulation of NET formation may provide a new route for the prevention and treatment of releated human diseases.
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Pravda J. Hydrogen peroxide and disease: towards a unified system of pathogenesis and therapeutics. Mol Med 2020; 26:41. [PMID: 32380940 PMCID: PMC7204068 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-020-00165-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the immune response has a prominent role in the pathophysiology of ulcerative colitis, sepsis, and systemic lupus erythematosus, a primary immune causation has not been established to explain the pathogenesis of these diseases. However, studies have reported significantly elevated levels of colonic epithelial hydrogen peroxide (a known colitic agent) in ulcerative colitis prior to the appearance of colitis. And patients with sepsis are reported to have toxic levels of blood hydrogen peroxide, whose pathologic effects mirror the laboratory and clinical abnormalities observed in sepsis. More recently, evidence supports a causal role for cellular hydrogen peroxide (a potent apoptotic agent) in the enhanced apoptosis believed to be the driving force behind auto-antigenic exposure and chronic immune activation in systemic lupus erythematosus. The different biological properties of hydrogen peroxide exert distinct pathologic effects depending on the site of accumulation within the body resulting in a unique disease patho-phenotype. On a cellular level, the build-up of hydrogen peroxide triggers apoptosis resulting in systemic lupus erythematosus, on a tissue level (colonic epithelium) excess hydrogen peroxide leads to inflammation and ulcerative colitis, and on a systemic level the pathologic effects of toxic concentrations of blood hydrogen peroxide result in bioenergetic failure and microangiopathic dysfunction leading to multiple organ failure and circulatory shock, characteristic of advanced sepsis. The aim of this paper is to provide a unified evidence-based common causal role for hydrogen peroxide in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis, sepsis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Based on this new theory of pathogenesis, a novel evidence-based treatment of sepsis is also discussed.
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