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Yang L, Wang X, Ma Z, Sui Y, Liu X. Fangchinoline inhibits growth and biofilm of Candida albicans by inducing ROS overproduction. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18354. [PMID: 38686557 PMCID: PMC11058694 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by Candida species, especially Candida albicans, threaten the public health and create economic burden. Shortage of antifungals and emergence of drug resistance call for new antifungal therapies while natural products were attractive sources for developing new drugs. In our study, fangchinoline, a bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloid from Chinese herb Stephania tetrandra S. Moore, exerted antifungal effects on planktonic growth of several Candida species including C. albicans, with MIC no more than 50 μg/mL. In addition, results from microscopic, MTT and XTT reduction assays showed that fangchinoline had inhibitory activities against the multiple virulence factors of C. albicans, such as adhesion, hyphal growth and biofilm formation. Furthermore, this compound could also suppress the metabolic activity of preformed C. albicans biofilms. PI staining, followed by confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) analysis showed that fangchinoline can elevate permeability of cell membrane. DCFH-DA staining suggested its anti-Candida mechanism also involved overproduction of intracellular ROS, which was further confirmed by N-acetyl-cysteine rescue tests. Moreover, fangchinoline showed synergy with three antifungal drugs (amphotericin B, fluconazole and caspofungin), further indicating its potential use in treating C. albicans infections. Therefore, these results indicated that fangchinoline could be a potential candidate for developing anti-Candida therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical GeneticsThe Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Zhiming Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Hernia SurgeryThe Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Yujie Sui
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical GeneticsThe Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Xin Liu
- Eye Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
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Balasaheb Patil S, Khanderao Jadhav A, Kumar Sharma R, Tushar Basrani S, Chandsaheb Gavandi T, Ashok Chougule S, Ramappa Yankanchi S, Mohan Karuppayil S. Antifungal activity of Allyl isothiocyanate by targeting signal transduction pathway, ergosterol biosynthesis, and cell cycle in Candida albicans. Curr Med Mycol 2023; 9:29-38. [PMID: 38375521 PMCID: PMC10874482 DOI: 10.22034/cmm.2023.345081.1429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose In recent years, the inclusion of Candida albicans on the list of infections that pose a threat due to drug resistance has urged researchers to look into cutting-edge and effective antifungal medications. In this regard, the current study investigated the probable mode of action of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) against Candida albicans. Materials and Methods In this study, planktonic assay, germ tube inhibition assay, adhesion, and biofilm formation assay were performed to check the growth and virulence factors. Furthermore, ergosterol assay, reactive oxygen production analysis, cell cycle analysis, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis were performed with the aim of finding the mode of action. A biomedical model organism, like a silkworm, was used in an in vivo study to demonstrate AITC anti-infective ability against C. albicans infection. Results Allyl isothiocyanate completely inhibited ergosterol biosynthesis in C. albicans at 0.125 mg/ml. Allyl isothiocyanate produces reactive oxygen species in both planktonic and biofilm cells of C. albicans. At 0.125 mg/ml concentration, AITC arrested cells at the G2/M phase of the cell cycle, which may induce apoptosis in C. albicans. In quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis, it was found that AITC inhibited virulence factors, like germ tube formation, at 0.125 mg/ml concentration by downregulation of PDE2, CEK1, TEC1 by 2.54-, 1.91-, and 1.04-fold change, respectively, and upregulation of MIG1, NRG1, and TUP1 by 9.22-, 3.35-, and 7.80-fold change, respectively. The in vivo study showed that AITC treatment successfully protected silkworms against C. albicans infections and increased their survival rate by preventing internal colonization by C. albicans. Conclusion In vitro and in vivo studies revealed that AITC can be an alternative therapeutic option for the treatment of C. albicans infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Balasaheb Patil
- Patil Education Society (Deemed to be University), Kolhapur-416-006, Maharashtra, India
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and Medical Biotechnology Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ashwini Khanderao Jadhav
- Patil Education Society (Deemed to be University), Kolhapur-416-006, Maharashtra, India
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and Medical Biotechnology Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Sharma
- Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Kadamwadi-416012-, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sargun Tushar Basrani
- Patil Education Society (Deemed to be University), Kolhapur-416-006, Maharashtra, India
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and Medical Biotechnology Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, Maharashtra, India
| | - Tanjila Chandsaheb Gavandi
- Patil Education Society (Deemed to be University), Kolhapur-416-006, Maharashtra, India
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and Medical Biotechnology Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sayali Ashok Chougule
- Patil Education Society (Deemed to be University), Kolhapur-416-006, Maharashtra, India
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and Medical Biotechnology Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Sankunny Mohan Karuppayil
- Patil Education Society (Deemed to be University), Kolhapur-416-006, Maharashtra, India
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and Medical Biotechnology Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, Maharashtra, India
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Shi S, Li C, Zhang Y, Deng C, Tan M, Pan G, Du J, Ji Y, Li Q, Liang H, Liu W, Guo L, Zhao G, Liu Y, Cui H. Lycorine hydrochloride inhibits melanoma cell proliferation, migration and invasion via down-regulating p21 Cip1/WAF1. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:1391-1409. [PMID: 33948364 PMCID: PMC8085853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Lycorine hydrochloride (LH) is an active ingredient sourced from the medicinal herb Lycoris radiata. Previous studies have suggested that LH exerts tumor suppression activity in several human cancers. However, the anti-cancer effect of LH in melanoma and the potential molecular mechanisms still need to be further studied. p21Cip1/WAF1, unlike its traditional cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor role, is believed to act as an oncogene under certain cellular conditions. In this research, an increased expression of p21Cip1/WAF1 was found in human melanoma tissues and positively related to the tumor invasion depth. High level of p21Cip1/WAF1 was found to correlate with bad outcomes of melanoma patients by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Functional experiments demonstrated that the proliferation, migration and invasion ability of A375 and MV3 melanoma cells was powerfully inhibited by LH through inducing S phase cell cycle arrest and regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In NOD/SCID mice model, LH effectively inhibited the xenograft tumor growth and lung metastasis of A375 cells. Further research revealed that LH reduced p21Cip1/WAF1 protein by accelerating its ubiquitination. Importantly, the LH-induced suppression of cell proliferation and metastasis was rescued by p21Cip1/WAF1 overexpression, both in vitro an in vivo. Taken together, LH, which suppresses the proliferation and metastasis of melanoma cells via down-regulating p21Cip1/WAF1, is expected to be developed as an effective medicine for melanoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaomin Shi
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
- Department of Dermatology, The Fifth Hospital of ShijiazhuangShijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715, China
| | - Chongyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Chaowei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715, China
| | - Mengqin Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715, China
| | - Guangzhao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715, China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Yacong Ji
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Hanghua Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Leiyang Guo
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Gaichao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715, China
| | - Yaling Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715, China
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