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Zhao YX, Ma LB, Yang Z, Wang F, Wang HY, Dang JY. Cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A enhances chemoresistance of gastric cancer cells to oxaliplatin. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 15:286-302. [PMID: 36908323 PMCID: PMC9994047 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i2.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) is a newly discovered oncogene. It is an active cell proliferation regulatory factor that inhibits tumor apoptosis in gastric cancer (GC) cells. CIP2A is functionally related to chemoresistance in various types of tumors according to recent studies. The underlying mechanism, however, is unknown. Further, the primary treatment regimen for GC is oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy. Nonetheless, it often fails due to chemoresistance of GC cells to oxaliplatin.
AIM The goal of this study was to examine CIP2A expression and its association with oxaliplatin resistance in human GC cells.
METHODS Immunohistochemistry was used to examine CIP2A expression in GC tissues and adjacent normal tissues. CIP2A expression in GC cell lines was reduced using small interfering RNA. After confirming the silencing efficiency, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide tetrazolium and flow cytometry assays were used to evaluate cell proliferation and apoptosis caused by oxaliplatin treatment. Further, the key genes and protein changes were verified using real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR and Western blotting, respectively, before and after intervention. For bioinformatics analysis, we used the R software and Bioconductor project. For statistical analysis, we used GraphPad Prism 6.0 and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software version 20.0 (IBM, Armonk, United States).
RESULTS A high level of CIP2A expression was associated with tumor size, T stage, lymph node metastasis, Tumor Node Metastasis stage, and a poor prognosis. Further, CIP2A expression was higher in GC cells than in normal human gastric epithelial cells. Using small interfering RNA against CIP2A, we discovered that CIP2A knockdown inhibited cell proliferation and significantly increased GC cell sensitivity to oxaliplatin. Moreover, CIP2A knockdown enhanced oxaliplatin-induced apoptosis in GC cells. Hence, high CIP2A levels in GC may be a factor in chemoresistance to oxaliplatin. In human GC cells, CIP2A regulated protein kinase B phosphorylation, and chemical inhibition of the protein kinase B signaling pathway was significantly associated with increased sensitivity to oxaliplatin. Therefore, the protein kinase B signaling pathway was correlated with CIP2A-enhanced chemoresistance of human GC cells to oxaliplatin.
CONCLUSION CIP2A expression could be a novel therapeutic strategy for chemoresistance in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Xun Zhao
- The Seventh Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Li-Bin Ma
- The Seventh Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Ze Yang
- The Seventh Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Hui-Ying Wang
- The First Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jia-Yao Dang
- The First Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
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Saproo S, Sarkar SS, Gautam V, Konyak CW, Dass G, Karmakar A, Sharma M, Ahuja G, Gupta A, Tayal J, Mehta A, Naidu S. Salivary protein kinase C alpha and novel microRNAs as diagnostic and therapeutic resistance markers for oral squamous cell carcinoma in Indian cohorts. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 9:1106963. [PMID: 36703917 PMCID: PMC9871261 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1106963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality in India. Tobacco, alcohol, poor oral hygiene, and socio-economic factors remain causative for this high prevalence. Identification of non-invasive diagnostic markers tailored for Indian population can facilitate mass screening to reduce overall disease burden. Saliva offers non-invasive sampling and hosts a plethora of markers for OSCC diagnosis. Here, to capture the OSCC-specific salivary RNA markers suitable for Indian population, we performed RNA-sequencing of saliva from OSCC patients (n = 9) and normal controls (n = 5). Differential gene expression analysis detected an array of salivary RNAs including mRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, transfer-RNAs, and microRNAs specific to OSCC. Computational analysis and functional predictions identified protein kinase c alpha (PRKCA), miR-6087, miR-449b-5p, miR-3656, miR-326, miR-146b-5p, and miR-497-5p as potential salivary indicators of OSCC. Notably, higher expression of PRKCA, miR-6087 and miR-449b-5p were found to be associated with therapeutic resistance and poor survival, indicating their prognostic potential. In addition, sequencing reads that did not map to the human genome, showed alignments with microbial reference genomes. Metagenomic and statistical analysis of these microbial reads revealed a remarkable microbial dysbiosis between OSCC patients and normal controls. Moreover, the differentially abundant microbial taxa showed a significant association with tumor promoting pathways including inflammation and oxidative stress. Summarily, we provide an integrated landscape of OSCC-specific salivary RNAs relevant to Indian population which can be instrumental in devising non-invasive diagnostics for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheetanshu Saproo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, India
| | - Shashanka S. Sarkar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, India
| | - Vishakha Gautam
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology- Delhi (IIIT-Delhi), New Delhi, India
| | - Chingmei W. Konyak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, India
| | - Gouri Dass
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, India
| | - Arpita Karmakar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, India
| | - Mansi Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, India
| | - Gaurav Ahuja
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology- Delhi (IIIT-Delhi), New Delhi, India
| | - Anand Gupta
- Department of Dentistry, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Juhi Tayal
- Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Anurag Mehta
- Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Srivatsava Naidu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, India,*Correspondence: Srivatsava Naidu,
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Chen B, Hu H, Chen X. From Basic Science to Clinical Practice: The Role of Cancerous Inhibitor of Protein Phosphatase 2A (CIP2A)/p90 in Cancer. Front Genet 2023; 14:1110656. [PMID: 36911405 PMCID: PMC9998691 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1110656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A), initially reported as a tumor-associated antigen (known as p90), is highly expressed in most solid and hematological tumors. The interaction of CIP2A/p90, protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), and c-Myc can hinder the function of PP2A toward c-Myc S62 induction, thus stabilizing c-Myc protein, which represents a potential role of CIP2A/p90 in tumorigeneses such as cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, as well as cancer drug resistance. The signaling pathways and regulation networks of CIP2A/p90 are complex and not yet fully understood. Many previous studies have also demonstrated that CIP2A/p90 can be used as a potential therapeutic cancer target. In addition, the autoantibody against CIP2A/p90 in sera may be used as a promising biomarker in the diagnosis of certain types of cancer. In this Review, we focus on recent advances relating to CIP2A/p90 and their implications for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Precision Therapy of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Huihui Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Precision Therapy of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaobing Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Precision Therapy of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Alzahrani R, Alrehaili AA, Gharib AF, Anjum F, Ismail KA, Elsawy WH. Cancerous Inhibitor of Protein Phosphatase 2A as a Molecular Marker for Aggressiveness and Survival in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Cancer Prev 2020; 25:21-26. [PMID: 32266176 PMCID: PMC7113414 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2020.25.1.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) has been identified as one of the most commonly altered proteins in human cancers. It blocks the tumor-suppressive action of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) complex and enhances malignancy. Thirty-five patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity underwent surgical resection of the tumor. CIP2A was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR in the resected tumor tissues and in their adjacent normal tissues. CIP2A was found to be overexpressed in all oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) specimens in comparison to their surrounding normal tissue. CIP2A overexpression was statistically correlated with poor prognostic feature of the tumor. Thus, a high expression level of CIP2A was associated with shorter survival. In conclusion, CIP2A is upregulated in OSCC, and its overexpression is correlated with aggressiveness of the tumor and poor outcome and survival. It may serve as a prognostic marker of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajab Alzahrani
- Department of Surgery, Medical College, Albaha University, Al Baha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani A Alrehaili
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal F Gharib
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Farah Anjum
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khadiga A Ismail
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wael H Elsawy
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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