1
|
Cardona Z, Sosman JA, Chandra S, Huang W. Endocrine side effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1157805. [PMID: 37251665 PMCID: PMC10210589 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1157805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have increasingly been the mainstay of treatment for numerous malignancies. However, due to their association with autoimmunity, ICIs have resulted in a variety of side effects that involve multiple organs including the endocrine system. In this review article, we describe our current understanding of the autoimmune endocrinopathies as a result of the use of ICIs. We will review the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of the most commonly encountered endocrinopathies, including thyroiditis, hypophysitis, Type 1 diabetes, adrenalitis, and central diabetes insipidus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zulma Cardona
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jeffrey A. Sosman
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sunandana Chandra
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Wenyu Huang
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Alqaisi S, Rahman A. A Rare Case of Pembrolizumab-Associated Graves' Disease. Cureus 2023; 15:e34696. [PMID: 36909047 PMCID: PMC9998112 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.34696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPis), such as pembrolizumab (Keytruda®), are associated with the development of several immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Thyroid dysfunction is a common endocrine irAE associated with pembrolizumab; however, Graves' disease induced by pembrolizumab is extremely rare. Few cases of this condition have been reported in the literature. Here, we report the case of a 50-year-old patient who presented with thyrotoxicosis that was attributed to Graves' disease secondary to pembrolizumab therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sura Alqaisi
- Internal Medicine, Memorial Healthcare, Pembroke Pines, USA
| | - Ali Rahman
- Internal Medicine, Northwell Health at Mather Hospital, Port Jefferson, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
de Filette JMK, André S, De Mey L, Aspeslagh S, Karmali R, Van der Auwera BJ, Bravenboer B. Durvalumab-induced thyroiditis in a patient with non-small cell lung carcinoma: a case report and review of pathogenic mechanisms. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22:291. [PMID: 36419114 PMCID: PMC9682778 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-01190-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death protein 1 and its ligand (PD-1/PD-L1) have become the current standard-of-care for advanced cancers. This novel therapeutic approach comes with its costs in the form of immune-related adverse events (irAE), including endocrinopathy. CASE PRESENTATION A 63-year-old woman was diagnosed with a non-small cell lung carcinoma of the right superior lobe, cT3N2M0. She developed thyrotoxicosis followed by hypothyroidism induced by consolidation immunotherapy with durvalumab (anti-PD-L1). Analysis of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region showed HLA-DR4 (susceptible) and DR13 (protective). The possible mechanisms are subsequently discussed in detail. CONCLUSIONS The case of a patient with thyroiditis associated with the PD-L1 inhibitor durvalumab is described, highlighting the need for proactive monitoring of thyroid hormone levels. Identifying biomarkers associated with an increased risk of ICI-induced side effects (such as HLA) is of interest for better patient selection, optimal management and improved understanding of the mechanisms involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen M K de Filette
- Department of Endocrinology, Brugmann University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
- Department of Endocrinology, UZ Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Stéphanie André
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Saint-Pierre University Hospital, Rue Haute 322, 1000, Brussels, Belgium
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Brugmann University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lynn De Mey
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, UZ Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Aspeslagh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rafik Karmali
- Department of Endocrinology, UZ Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Bert Bravenboer
- Department of Endocrinology, Brugmann University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu C, Han Q, Liu H, Zhu C, Gui W, Yang X, Li W. Precise engineering of Gemcitabine prodrug cocktails into single polymeric nanoparticles delivery for metastatic thyroid cancer cells. Drug Deliv 2021; 27:1063-1072. [PMID: 32672077 PMCID: PMC7470162 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2020.1790693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
GLOBOCAN estimates 36 types of cancers in 185 countries based on the incidence, mortality, and prevalence in the year 2019. Nowadays, chemotherapy is the most widely used cancer treatment among immune, radio, hormone, and gene therapies. Here, we describe a very simple yet cost-effective approach that synergistically combines drug reconstitution, supramolecular nano-assembly, and tumor-specific targeting to address the multiple challenges posed by the delivery of the chemotherapeutic Gemcitabine (GEM) drug. The GEM prodrugs were gifted to impulsively self-assemble into excellent steady nanoparticles size on covalent conjugation of linoleic acid hydrophobic through amide group with ∼100 nm. Newly synthesized GEM-NPs morphology was confirmed by various electron microscopic techniques. After successful synthesis, we have evaluated the anticancer property of GEM and GEM-NPs against B-CPAP (papillary thyroid carcinoma) and FTC-133 (human follicular thyroid carcinoma) cancer cell lines. Further studies such as AO-EB (acridine orange-ethidium bromide), nuclear staining and flow cytometry analyses on cell death mechanism signified that the cytotoxicity was associated with apoptosis in thyroid cancer cells. GEM-NPs show excellent biocompatibility compared to GEM. The present study explained that GEM-NPs as a safe and hopeful strategy for chemotherapeutics of thyroid cancer therapy and deserve for further clinical evaluations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenggong Liu
- Department of General Practice, Zhumadian City Central Hospital, Zhumadian, China
| | - Qiongmei Han
- Department of Endocrinology, Yankuang New Journey General Hospital, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Excellent Ward, Zhumadian City Central Hospital, Zhumadian, China
| | - Cuirong Zhu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Zhumadian Women and Children's Health Hospital, Zhumadian, China
| | - Wei Gui
- Department of Pharmacology Department, Zhumadian First People's Hospital, Zhumadian, China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Department of General Practice, Zhumadian City Central Hospital, Zhumadian, China
| | - Wansen Li
- Department of General Practice, Zhumadian City Central Hospital, Zhumadian, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Peiffert M, Cugnet-Anceau C, Dalle S, Chikh K, Assaad S, Disse E, Raverot G, Borson-Chazot F, Abeillon-du Payrat J. Graves' Disease during Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy (A Case Series and Literature Review). Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081944. [PMID: 33920721 PMCID: PMC8073133 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyrotoxicosis is an adverse event associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPis) that occurs in 0.6 to 3.2% of treated patients, depending on ICPi class. Presentation usually consists of a biphasic thyroiditis with transient thyrotoxicosis and secondary hypothyroidism. ICPi-induced Graves' disease (GD), due to the stimulating activity of TSH-receptor autoantibodies (TRAb), is extremely rare. The aim of this retrospective study was to describe the characteristics and evolution of GD during ICPi therapy. Five among 243 patients followed for ICPi-induced thyrotoxicosis showed TRAb positivity (2% of the cohort). GD occurred quickly after initiation of ICPis; its course was typical for two patients, with prolonged requirement for antithyroid drug treatment (ATD). The three other patients experienced biphasic thyroiditis with secondary hypothyroidism requiring long-term substitution. Three other patients had a diagnosis of GD before starting ICPis; they evolved toward hypothyroidism with early cessation of ATD and long-term substitution treatment during ICPi treatment. None developed significant Graves' orbitopathy. ICPi treatment was not interrupted for thyroid dysfunction. In conclusion, GD is a rare, immune-related adverse event of ICPis with an unusual course and frequent evolution to biphasic thyroiditis. In the case of ICPi-induced thyrotoxicosis in the presence of TRAb, observing the spontaneous evolution and performing a scintigraphy are useful before starting ATD treatment. Pre-existing GD is not exacerbated by ICPis and tends to evolve towards hypothyroidism. ICPi treatment can be maintained with adequate biochemical surveillance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Peiffert
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France; (S.D.); (K.C.); (E.D.); (G.R.); (F.B.-C.)
- Fédération d’Endocrinologie, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69500 Bron, France
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (J.A.-d.P.); Tel.: +33-4-27-85-66-66 (J.A.-d.P.)
| | - Christine Cugnet-Anceau
- Service d’Endocrinologie-Diabète-Nutrition, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69310 Pierre-Bénite, France;
- ImmuCare, Institut de Cancérologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69002 Lyon, France
| | - Stephane Dalle
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France; (S.D.); (K.C.); (E.D.); (G.R.); (F.B.-C.)
- ImmuCare, Institut de Cancérologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69002 Lyon, France
- Service de Dermatologie, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69310 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Karim Chikh
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France; (S.D.); (K.C.); (E.D.); (G.R.); (F.B.-C.)
- Centre de Biologie Sud, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69310 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Souad Assaad
- Tox’imm, Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France;
- Service d’Hématologie et Médecine Interne, Centre Léon Berard, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Emmanuel Disse
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France; (S.D.); (K.C.); (E.D.); (G.R.); (F.B.-C.)
- Service d’Endocrinologie-Diabète-Nutrition, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69310 Pierre-Bénite, France;
- INSERM U1060, INRA 1397, INSA Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes (CRNH RA), CarMeN Laboratory, 69310 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Gérald Raverot
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France; (S.D.); (K.C.); (E.D.); (G.R.); (F.B.-C.)
- Fédération d’Endocrinologie, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69500 Bron, France
- INSERM U1052, CNRS, UMR5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Françoise Borson-Chazot
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France; (S.D.); (K.C.); (E.D.); (G.R.); (F.B.-C.)
- Fédération d’Endocrinologie, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69500 Bron, France
| | - Juliette Abeillon-du Payrat
- Fédération d’Endocrinologie, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69500 Bron, France
- ImmuCare, Institut de Cancérologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69002 Lyon, France
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (J.A.-d.P.); Tel.: +33-4-27-85-66-66 (J.A.-d.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yoon JH, Hong AR, Kim HK, Kang HC. Characteristics of Immune-Related Thyroid Adverse Events in Patients Treated with PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2021; 36:413-423. [PMID: 33820396 PMCID: PMC8090457 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2020.906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid immune-related adverse events (IRAEs) have been reported in patients treated with programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death protein-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors. We investigated the incidence and clinical course of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor-induced thyroid IRAEs, and identified predictable clinical risk factors of thyroid IRAEs, in particular, overt hypothyroidism (OH). METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 325 cancer patients receiving PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor in a tertiary referral center. RESULTS A total of 50.5% (164/325) of patients experienced at least one abnormal thyroid function following PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor. Eighty-four patients (51.2%) of them recovered to normal thyroid function during follow-up. In overall population, 25 patients (7.7%) required thyroid hormone replacement therapy due to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor-induced OH. Patients who progressed to OH showed significantly higher baseline thyroid stimulating hormone level and longer duration of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor therapy than those without thyroid dysfunction or OH (both P<0.001). Median time interval to the development of OH was 3 months after the therapy. OH was significantly associated with positive anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody at baseline and anti-thyroglobulin antibody during the therapy than those without thyroid dysfunction or OH (P=0.015 and P=0.005, respectively). We observed no patients with OH who were able to stop levothyroxine replacement after the cessation of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor therapy. CONCLUSION PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor-induced thyroid dysfunctions are considerably reversible; however, OH is irreversible requiring levothyroxine replacement even after stopping the therapy. Positive thyroid autoantibodies may predict the progression to OH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jee Hee Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - A Ram Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hee Kyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ho-Cheol Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Miner M, Elbaum M, Jawiarczyk-Przybyłowska A, Kubicka E. Endocrine complications of new anticancer therapies. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2021. [DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.8121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying and analyzing of complex molecular mechanisms and immunological processes of
cancer enables oncology to introduce new cancer therapies. In the treatment of cancer, we
successively increase the use of targeted therapies with tyrosine kinase inhibitors and mTOR
inhibitors and immunotherapy using checkpoint inhibitors CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-cell antigen-4)
and PD-1/PD-L1 (programmed death receptor 1/programmed death ligand 1). New anticancer
drugs gradually replace conventional chemotherapy and have already found application in the
treatment of many cancers, including thyroid cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, non-small
cell lung cancer, kidney cancer, bladder cancer, melanoma, breast cancer, acute and chronic
myelogenous leukemia. The use of these drugs is less toxic than classical chemotherapy, but
it can cause gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, respiratory, skin and endocrine complications.
Most of the side effects of new cancer therapies are mild and moderate disorders, however
some might be severe and life-threatening. Endocrinopathies are one of the more common
side effects of these treatments. They can affect many endocrine glands (pituitary, thyroid,
parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas) and cause both transient and permanent disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michał Miner
- Katedra i Klinika Endokrynologii, Diabetologii i Leczenia Izotopami, Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Piastów Śląskich we Wrocławiu
| | - Michał Elbaum
- Katedra i Klinika Endokrynologii, Diabetologii i Leczenia Izotopami, Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Piastów Śląskich we Wrocławiu
| | | | - Eliza Kubicka
- Katedra i Klinika Endokrynologii, Diabetologii i Leczenia Izotopami, Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Piastów Śląskich we Wrocławiu
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yamada H, Okajima F, Onda T, Fujimori S, Emoto N, Sugihara H. New-onset graves' disease after the initiation of nivolumab therapy for gastric cancer: a case report. BMC Endocr Disord 2020; 20:132. [PMID: 32847555 PMCID: PMC7449083 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-020-00613-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can induce immune-related adverse events (irAEs) including thyroid dysfunction. There are only a few reports on Graves' disease induced by ICIs. We report a case of new-onset Graves' disease after the initiation of nivolumab therapy in a patient receiving gastric cancer treatment. CASE PRESENTATION The patient was a 66-year-old Japanese man, who was administered nivolumab (240 mg every 3 weeks) as a third-line therapy for stage IVb gastric cancer. His thyroid function was normal before the initiation of nivolumab therapy. However, he developed thyrotoxicosis before the third administration of nivolumab. Elevated, bilateral, and diffuse uptake of radioactive tracer was observed in the 99mTc-pertechnetate scintigraphy. Furthermore, the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibody (TRAb) and thyroid-stimulating antibody (TSAb) test results, which were negative before the first administration of nivolumab, were positive after starting the therapy. The patient was diagnosed with Graves' disease, and the treatment with methimazole and potassium iodide restored thyroid function. CONCLUSIONS This is the first complete report of a case of new-onset Graves' disease after starting nivolumab therapy, confirmed by diffusely increased thyroid uptake in scintigraphy and the positive conversion of antibodies against thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor. It is important to perform thyroid scintigraphy and ultrasonography to accurately diagnose and treat ICI-induced thyrotoxicosis, because there are various cases in which Graves' disease is developed with negative and positive TRAb titres.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yamada
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5, Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8603, Japan.
| | - Fumitaka Okajima
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5, Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8603, Japan
| | - Takeshi Onda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, 1715, Kamagari, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1694, Japan
| | - Shunji Fujimori
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, 1715, Kamagari, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1694, Japan
| | - Naoya Emoto
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5, Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8603, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sugihara
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5, Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8603, Japan
| |
Collapse
|