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Almuslehi MSM, Sen MK, Shortland PJ, Mahns DA, Coorssen JR. Histological and Top-Down Proteomic Analyses of the Visual Pathway in the Cuprizone Demyelination Model. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:1374-1401. [PMID: 35644788 PMCID: PMC9170674 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-022-01997-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A change in visual perception is a frequent early symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS), the pathoaetiology of which remains unclear. Following a slow demyelination process caused by 12 weeks of low-dose (0.1%) cuprizone (CPZ) consumption, histology and proteomics were used to investigate components of the visual pathway in young adult mice. Histological investigation did not identify demyelination or gliosis in the optic tracts, pretectal nuclei, superior colliculi, lateral geniculate nuclei or visual cortices. However, top-down proteomic assessment of the optic nerve/tract revealed a significant change in the abundance of 34 spots in high-resolution two-dimensional (2D) gels. Subsequent liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-TMS) analysis identified alterations in 75 proteoforms. Literature mining revealed the relevance of these proteoforms in terms of proteins previously implicated in animal models, eye diseases and human MS. Importantly, 24 proteoforms were not previously described in any animal models of MS, eye diseases or MS itself. Bioinformatic analysis indicated involvement of these proteoforms in cytoskeleton organization, metabolic dysregulation, protein aggregation and axonal support. Collectively, these results indicate that continuous CPZ-feeding, which evokes a slow demyelination, results in proteomic changes that precede any clear histological changes in the visual pathway and that these proteoforms may be potential early markers of degenerative demyelinating conditions.
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Preparation of Ophthalmic Microemulsions Containing Lithuanian Royal Jelly and Their Biopharmaceutical Evaluation. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9040616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Royal jelly is a natural substance secreted by worker honeybees that possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and other biological activities. The purpose of this study was to formulate microemulsions with incorporated Lithuanian royal jelly for possible ophthalmic delivery and to evaluate the quality of the microemulsions in vitro. The oil in water type microemulsions were prepared by the oil titration method, incorporating royal jelly, surfactant, co-surfactant, oil, and water. Physicochemical characteristics of the microemulsions and the quantity of 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid released in vitro were assessed. The in vitro assessment of prepared microemulsions formulations was performed with the Statens Seruminstitut rabbit cornea (SIRC) cell culture model. The results revealed that the droplet size of all microemulsion formulations was 67.88–124.2 nm and the polydispersity index was lower than 0.180. In the in vitro release study, the release of 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid depended on the amount of royal jelly incorporated and on the ratio of surfactant and co-surfactant in formulations. The in vitro tests with the SIRC cell culture line have shown that all formulations were found non-irritating.
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Ripa M, Betts B, Dhaliwal S, Wang K, Pouly S, Chen D, Mifflin M. Survey of Postoperative Pain in Photorefractive Keratectomy Using Topical versus Oral Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs. Clin Ophthalmol 2020; 14:1459-1466. [PMID: 32546954 PMCID: PMC7266408 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s255441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate and compare postoperative pain following photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in patients using a preventive regimen of oral versus topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Patients and Methods A prospective, randomized, longitudinal survey of postoperative PRK pain was performed on 157 subjects in a tertiary academic medical center setting. Patients were randomized to either topical ketorolac 0.4% every 12 hours or oral naproxen sodium 220 mg every 12 hours for 72 hours following PRK, beginning at the time of surgery. The primary outcome measure was the daily peak pain score from the validated numerical rating scale (NRS) for five days after surgery. Results The peak pain scores were significantly higher in the oral NSAID group (mean 5.82, SD 1.94) compared to the topical NSAID group (mean 4.2, SD 2.19) (p<0.0001) after PRK. When comparing each postoperative day after PRK, the pain scores from 24 to 48 hours (day 2) were significantly higher in the oral NSAID group (mean 5.17, SD 2.25) as compared to the topical NSAID group (mean 3.21, SD 2.09) (p<0.0001). Pain scores 24–72 hours after surgery (days 2 and 3) were higher than pain scores on days 1, 4, and 5 for both groups. Conclusion Twice daily oral naproxen sodium 220 mg is inferior to twice daily topical ketorolac 0.4% in the treatment of early postoperative pain after PRK. This study also identified a consistent trend in which pain scores were highest 24–72 hours after the procedure. This additional observation may be useful in understanding, preventing, and treating post-PRK pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Ripa
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Brent Betts
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Shagun Dhaliwal
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kaidi Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Severin Pouly
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Danli Chen
- Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Mark Mifflin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Rajdev K, Siddiqui EM, Jadaun KS, Mehan S. Neuroprotective potential of solanesol in a combined model of intracerebral and intraventricular hemorrhage in rats. IBRO Rep 2020; 8:101-114. [PMID: 32368686 PMCID: PMC7184235 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibror.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) may be caused by trauma, aneurysm and arteriovenous malformation, as can any bleeding within the intracranial vault, including brain parenchyma and adjacent meningeal spaces (aneurism and atreovenous malformation). ICH is the cerebral stroke with the least treatable form. Over time, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is associated with ICH, which contributes to hydrocephalus, and the major cause of most hemorrhagic death (Due to the cerebral hemorrhage and post hemorrhagic surgeries). Most patients suffer from memory impairment, grip strength, posture, and cognitive dysfunctions attributable to cerebral hemorrhage or post-brain hemorrhagic surgery. Nevertheless, a combined model of ICH based IVH is not present pre-clinically. Autologous blood (ALB) injection (20 μl/5 min) in the rat brain triggers hemorrhage, such as factors that further interfere with the normal functioning of neuroinflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and neurotransmitter dysfunction, such as CoQ10 insufficiency and dysregulation of mitochondrial ETC-complexes. For the prevention of post-brain hemorrhagic behavioral and neurochemical dysfunctions, there is no specific drug treatment available, only available therapy used to provide symptomatic relief. The current study reveals that long-term administration of Solanesol (SNL) 40 and 60 mg/kg alone and in combination with available drug therapy Donepezil (DNP) 3 mg/kg, Memantine (MEM) 20 mg/kg, Celecoxib (CLB) 20 mg/kg, Pregabalin (PGB) 30 mg/kg, may provide the neuroprotective effect by improving behavioral and neurochemical deficits, and gross pathological changes in ALB induced combined experimental model of ICH-IVH in post brain hemorrhagic conditions in rats. Thus, SNL can be a potential therapeutic approach to improve neuronal mitochondrial dysfunction associated with post brain hemorrhagic behavioral and neurochemical alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajal Rajdev
- Neuropharmacology Division, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001 Punjab, India
| | | | | | - Sidharth Mehan
- Neuropharmacology Division, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001 Punjab, India
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Behbahani S, Ramezani A, Karimi Moridani M, Sabbaghi H. Time-Frequency Analysis of Photopic Negative Response in CRVO Patients. Semin Ophthalmol 2020; 35:187-193. [PMID: 32586181 DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2020.1781905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The PhNR is driven by retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Therefore, the function of RGCs could be objectively evaluated by analyzing the PhNR. The aim of this article is to determine the effect of central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) on PhNR and RGCs performances. METHODS Seventeen patients with CRVO were included. Full-field photopic ERGs, including PhNR, were recorded and compared with the fellow normal eyes. ERG signals were analyzed based on the standard time-domain analyses of the PhNR as well as a continuous wavelet transform (CWT) to extract time-frequency components that correspond to the PhNR using MATLAB. We obtained the main frequencies and their occurrence time from CWT. RESULTS All a-wave, b-wave, and PhNR amplitudes of CRVO eyes showed a significant reduction compared to those of the fellow eyes (P < .01, P < .001, and P < .001, respectively). The peak times of a-wave, b-wave, and PhNR were increased significantly in the CRVO eyes (P = .04, P = .04, and P = .003, respectively). The dominant f3 frequency, which corresponds to the PhNR in CRVO patients, showed a more significant decrease (P < .001) compared to other dominant frequencies (f0, f1, and f2). The occurrence time of f3 (t3) was significantly higher in the CRVO eyes (P < .001). Time-domain of the PhNR was also affected in CRVO patients (P < .001). CONCLUSION CWT allows quantifications of ERG responses, especially for PhNR. The PhNR was severely affected in CRVO eyes implicating loss of RGCs. CWT might demonstrate the severity of CRVO more precisely and identify diagnostically significant changes of ERG waveforms that are not resolved when the analysis is only limited to the time-domain measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soroor Behbahani
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Garmsar Branch, Islamic Azad University , Garmsar, Iran
| | - Alireza Ramezani
- Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Karimi Moridani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Health, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University , Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamideh Sabbaghi
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Optometry, School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Brheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ramm L, Spoerl E, Pillunat LE, Terai N. Is the Corneal Thickness Profile Altered in Diabetes Mellitus? Curr Eye Res 2020; 45:1228-1234. [PMID: 32180465 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2020.1741009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the influence of chronic hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus (DM) on spatial corneal thickness distribution and to analyze the influence of disease-specific factors. Methods: DM patients and healthy subjects were matched according to age and intraocular pressure (IOP). In diabetics, disease duration, DM type, and HbA1c value were assessed. Spatially resolved corneal thickness was measured by Pentacam HR. Thinnest corneal thickness (TCT) and peripheral pachymetry of concentric circles around TCT were determined. The Dynamic Scheimpflug Analyzer Corvis ST (CST) was used to measure the parameter pachy slope, which is an indicator of the change of corneal thickness from the apex to the periphery. Results: 59 DM patients and 57 healthy subjects were included. Age (P = .486) and IOP (P = .154) were not different between the groups. In DM, pachy slope was significantly higher than in healthy subjects (41.1 ± 9.87 vs. 35.18 ± 10.64 μm, P = .004). Also, the differences between TCT and the average of peripheral corneal thickness of concentric circles with a diameter of 2 mm (10.3 ± 1.7 vs. 9.3 ± 3.8 μm, P < .001) to 6 mm (82.2 ± 12.4 vs. 76.8 ± 12.6 μm, P = .011) were increased in patients. Changes in thickness profile were associated with HbA1c value and presence of diabetic retinopathy or maculopathy. Conclusion: In DM, a stronger peripheral corneal thickness increase was detectable. This change was shown using the novel CST parameter pachy slope and confirmed by Pentacam readings. These alterations might affect IOP and biomechanical measurements, and influence refractive procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Ramm
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Dresden , Dresden, Germany
| | - Eberhard Spoerl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Dresden , Dresden, Germany
| | - Lutz E Pillunat
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Dresden , Dresden, Germany
| | - Naim Terai
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Dresden , Dresden, Germany
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Zheng H, Liu Y, Xu D, Liu P, Yang X, Li B, Cao Z, Liu Y, Zheng X. Inhibition of Gap Junction-Mediated Intercellular Communication by Poly(I:C) in Cultured Human Corneal Fibroblasts. Curr Eye Res 2020; 45:1043-1050. [PMID: 32078434 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2020.1716986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE/AIM Corneal stromal fibroblasts are connected to each other via gap junctions, which contribute to maintenance of corneal homeostasis. Viral infection of the corneal stroma can result in inflammation and scarring. The effects of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)], an analog of viral double-stranded RNA, on gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) in cultured human corneal fibroblasts (HCFs) were examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cultured HCFs were exposed to poly(I:C) in the absence or presence of inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling or the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). Expression of the gap junction protein connexin 43 (Cx43) was examined by immunoblot and immunofluorescence analyses. The level of Cx43 mRNA or microRNA-21 or -130a was determined by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis. GJIC was measured with a dye coupling assay. The amount of malondialdehyde and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured with assay kits. RESULTS Exposure of HCFs to poly(I:C) resulted in down-regulation of Cx43 expression and GJIC activity as well as in up-regulation of microRNA-21 expression. Poly(I:C) increased the amount of malondialdehyde and reduced the activity of SOD in the cells, and these effects were prevented by NAC. The inhibitory effects of poly(I:C) on both Cx43 expression and GJIC activity were attenuated by NAC and by c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor II. CONCLUSIONS Poly(I:C) inhibited Cx43 expression and GJIC in cultured HCFs, possibly as a result of the associated up-regulation of microRNA-21. Poly(I:C) also increased oxidative stress in these cells, and such stress together with signaling by the MAPK JNK was implicated in the effects of poly(I:C) on Cx43 expression and GJIC activity. Down-regulation of GJIC activity among corneal fibroblasts by double-stranded RNA may thus contribute to the disruption of stromal homeostasis during viral infection of the cornea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Zhuhai, PR China
| | - Ye Liu
- Department of Pathology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Zhuhai, PR China
| | - Dan Xu
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, Environmental Science and Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University , Dalian, PR China
| | - Pingping Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Zhuhai, PR China
| | - Xiuxia Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Zhuhai, PR China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Zhuhai, PR China
| | - Zimu Cao
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, Environmental Science and Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University , Dalian, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Zhuhai, PR China
| | - Xiaoshuo Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Zhuhai, PR China
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