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Parker LA, Caballero-Romeu JP, Chilet-Rosell E, Hernandez-Aguado I, Gómez-Pérez L, Alonso-Coello P, Cebrián A, López-Garrigós M, Moral-Pélaez I, Ronda E, Gilabert M, Canelo-Aybar C, Párraga-Martínez I, del Campo-Giménez M, Lumbreras B. Knowledge and practices regarding prostate cancer screening in Spanish men: The importance of personal and clinical characteristics (PROSHADE study). PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303203. [PMID: 38814917 PMCID: PMC11139292 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients' decisions on prostate cancer (PCa) opportunistic screening may vary. This study aimed to assess how demographic and health-related characteristics may influence knowledge and decisions regarding PCa screening. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted among men aged over 40, randomly sampled from the Spanish population, 2022. The survey underwent development and content validation using a modified Delphi method and was administered via telephone. Binomial logistic regression was used to explore the relationship between respondents' characteristics and participants' knowledge and practices concerning PCa and the PSA test. RESULTS Out of 1,334 men, 1,067 (80%) respondents were interviewed with a mean age of 58.6 years (sd 11.9). Most had secondary or university studies (787, 73.8%) and 61 (5.7%) self-reported their health status as bad or very bad. Most of the respondents (1,018, 95.4%) had knowledge regarding PCa with nearly 70% expressed significant concern about its potential development (720, 70.8%), particularly among those under 64 years (p = 0.001). Out of 847 respondents, 573 (67.7%) reported that they have knowledge regarding the PSA test: 374 (65.4%) reported receiving information from a clinicians, 324 (86.6%) information about the benefits of the test and 189 (49,5%) about its risks, with differences based on educational background. In a multivariable analysis (adjusted for age, educational level and previous prostate problems), respondents with higher levels of education were more likely to have higher knowledge regarding the PSA test (OR 1.75, 95%CI 1.24-2.50, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Although most of the patients reported to have knowledge regarding PCa, half of the interviewed men reported knowledge about PSA test. Differences in knowledge prostate cancer screening and undesirable consequences highlight the need to develop and provide tailored information for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy A. Parker
- Department of Public Health, History of Science and Gynecology, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan-Pablo Caballero-Romeu
- Department of Urology, Dr. Balmis General University Hospital; Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Elisa Chilet-Rosell
- Department of Public Health, History of Science and Gynecology, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ildefonso Hernandez-Aguado
- Department of Public Health, History of Science and Gynecology, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Gómez-Pérez
- Department of Urology, University General Hospital of Elche, Elche, Spain
| | - Pablo Alonso-Coello
- Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre - Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health, Biomedical Re-search Institute Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Cebrián
- Cartagena Casco Healthcare Centre, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Maite López-Garrigós
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
- Clinical Laboratory, Hospital Universitario de San Juan, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Elena Ronda
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
- Public Health Research group, Alicante University, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
| | - Mercedes Gilabert
- Department of Health Psychology, Miguel Hernandez University, Elche, Spain
| | - Carlos Canelo-Aybar
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
- Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre - Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health, Biomedical Re-search Institute Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Mª del Campo-Giménez
- Integrated Care Management of Albacete. Health Service of Castilla-La Mancha, Spain
| | - Blanca Lumbreras
- Department of Public Health, History of Science and Gynecology, Miguel Hernandez University, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
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Mwebembezi S, Alege JB, Nakaggwa F, Nanyonga RC. Factors Influencing Uptake of Prostate Cancer Screening among Men Aged 40 Years and Above in Kazo Town Council, Kazo District, Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:7770943. [PMID: 38170054 PMCID: PMC10761216 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7770943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer accounts for 20.3% of all cancers in men in sub-Saharan Africa. Early screening among at-risk groups is challenging in Uganda, with limited data on prostate cancer screening uptake in most districts, including newly established ones. The purpose of this study was to determine factors influencing the uptake of prostate cancer screening among men aged ≥ 40 in Kazo Town Council, Kazo District, a newly created district. We used a descriptive cross-sectional study design that employed both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. Participants were recruited through simple random sampling between November 2020 and January 2021. Structured questionnaires were used for quantitative data (n = 300). Statistical analyses to determine associations were carried out using inferential and chi-square tests followed by logistic regression. In-depth interviews were conducted with 10 key informants and analyzed thematically to explore a range of perceptions related to prostate cancer screening. Only 10 (3.33%; 95% CI: 0.018-0.60) respondents had ever screened for prostate cancer. Lack of privacy (p < 0.033), access to prostate cancer information (p < 0.014), and distance to health facilities (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with the uptake of prostate cancer screening. Marital status (OR = 7.93; 95% CI: 1.85-33.99; p = 0.005), positive health worker attitudes (OR = 0.002; 95% CI: 0.000-0.023, p < 0.001), and perceived affordability (OR = 0.001; 95% CI: 0.000-0.011, p < 0.001) were independently associated with uptake of prostate cancer screening. Key barriers included lack of information, access to screening centres, and fear of screening. The level of uptake of prostate cancer screening was considerably low among men aged 40 and above in the Kazo District. Targeted community interventions to improve access to prostate cancer information, screening, sensitization, and addressing perceived and actual barriers are needed in newly created districts to bolster the uptake of prostate cancer screening. This has implications for prioritizing research evaluating district resource allocation to support optimized and integrated evidence-based service delivery in primary healthcare centres, especially for specialized services in newly created districts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smart Mwebembezi
- Institute of Public Health and Management, Clarke International University, P.O. Box 7782, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Jon B. Alege
- Institute of Public Health and Management, Clarke International University, P.O. Box 7782, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Florence Nakaggwa
- Institute of Public Health and Management, Clarke International University, P.O. Box 7782, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Rose C. Nanyonga
- Institute of Public Health and Management, Clarke International University, P.O. Box 7782, Kampala, Uganda
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Bugoye FC, Torrorey-Sawe R, Biegon R, Dharsee N, Mafumiko FMS, Patel K, Mining SK. Mutational spectrum of DNA damage and mismatch repair genes in prostate cancer. Front Genet 2023; 14:1231536. [PMID: 37732318 PMCID: PMC10507418 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1231536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past few years, a number of studies have revealed that a significant number of men with prostate cancer had genetic defects in the DNA damage repair gene response and mismatch repair genes. Certain of these modifications, notably gene alterations known as homologous recombination (HRR) genes; PALB2, CHEK2 BRCA1, BRCA2, ATM, and genes for DNA mismatch repair (MMR); MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2 are connected to a higher risk of prostate cancer and more severe types of the disease. The DNA damage repair (DDR) is essential for constructing and diversifying the antigen receptor genes required for T and B cell development. But this DDR imbalance results in stress on DNA replication and transcription, accumulation of mutations, and even cell death, which compromises tissue homeostasis. Due to these impacts of DDR anomalies, tumor immunity may be impacted, which may encourage the growth of tumors, the release of inflammatory cytokines, and aberrant immune reactions. In a similar vein, people who have altered MMR gene may benefit greatly from immunotherapy. Therefore, for these treatments, mutational genetic testing is indicated. Mismatch repair gene (MMR) defects are also more prevalent than previously thought, especially in patients with metastatic disease, high Gleason scores, and diverse histologies. This review summarizes the current information on the mutation spectrum and clinical significance of DDR mechanisms, such as HRR and MMR abnormalities in prostate cancer, and explains how patient management is evolving as a result of this understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fidelis Charles Bugoye
- Government Chemist Laboratory Authority, Directorate of Forensic Science and DNA Services, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Department of Pathology, Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Rispah Torrorey-Sawe
- Department of Pathology, Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Richard Biegon
- Department of Pathology, Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
| | | | - Fidelice M. S. Mafumiko
- Government Chemist Laboratory Authority, Directorate of Forensic Science and DNA Services, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Kirtika Patel
- Department of Pathology, Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Simeon K. Mining
- Department of Pathology, Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
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Okyere J, Ayebeng C, Owusu BA, Ankomahene B, Dickson KS. Prostate cancer screening uptake in Kenya: An analysis of the demographic and health survey. J Cancer Policy 2023; 37:100427. [PMID: 37327871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpo.2023.100427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) screening is a cost-effective strategy to promote early detection and treatment. Understanding the determinants of PCa screening uptake would help policy makers to identify high-risk populations and ensure the cost-effectiveness of health promotion interventions. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of PCa screening uptake and assess its associated factors among Kenyan men. METHODS The study relied on data from the 2014 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey. Both descriptive and inferential analyses were performed. Firth logistic regression was employed using the "firthlogit" command in STATA. The adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were presented. RESULTS Overall, the prevalence of PCa screening uptake was 4.4%. The odds of PCa screening uptake were high among men aged 50-54 [aOR= 2.08; CI= 1.23, 3.52], those who had health insurance coverage [aOR= 1.69; CI= 1.28, 2.23], those who read at least once in a week [aOR= 1.52; CI= 1.10, 2.10], and among those who watched TV at least once in a week [aOR= 1.73; CI= 1.18, 2.52]. Men who resided in the Eastern [aOR= 2.23; CI= 1.39, 3.60], Nyanza [aOR= 2.13; CI= 1.29, 3.53], and Nairobi [aOR= 1.97; CI= 1.01, 3.86] had a higher likelihood of getting screened for PCa. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the uptake of PCa screening in Kenya is low. To ensure the cost-effectiveness of health-promoting interventions that aim to improve PCa screening uptake in Kenya, men without health insurance coverage should be targeted and prioritized. Increasing literacy rate, sensitization via television, and increasing the insurance coverage in the country would significantly contribute to a higher uptake of PCa screening. POLICY SUMMARY To improve the uptake of PCa screening, there would be a need to implement a national advocacy campaign that will sensitize Kenyan men about the need to undergo PCa screening. This national advocacy campaign to increase the uptake of PCa screening in Kenya must leverage mass media platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Okyere
- Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana; Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Castro Ayebeng
- Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | | | - Bright Ankomahene
- Department of Geomatics Engineering, College of Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Makungu ML, Mweya CN. Assessing knowledge, attitude and practice towards prostate cancer screening among males in Southwest Tanzania: A cross-sectional study. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2023; 36:100716. [PMID: 37178548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2023.100716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is common among men, and awareness can reduce associated deaths. Low knowledge of prostate cancer screening and wrong perceptions about prostate cancer leads to poor screening practices. Our study assessed knowledge, attitude and practice towards prostate cancer screening among male adults at Mbeya Zonal Referral Hospital. METHODS This hospital-based cross-sectional study used a random sampling technique to select men attending the hospital. Data was collected using a questionnaire on socio-demographic characteristics, personal and familiar medical history of prostate cancer, knowledge about prostate cancer and its screening. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 23. RESULTS One hundred and thirty-two (132) men participated in the study. Participants ranged from 18 to 75 years, with a mean age of 41.57. This study found that while 72% of respondents had heard of prostate cancer, only 43.9% had knowledge of prostate cancer screening. Age was associated with prostate cancer screening knowledge (COR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01-1.54, p < 0.001). Only 29.5% of respondents had a positive attitude toward prostate cancer screening. A small percentage (16.7%) had been tested for prostate cancer, but the majority (89.4%) were willing to be screened in the future. CONCLUSION The study found that while most men in the study area had a basic understanding of prostate cancer, only a small percentage had a favourable knowledge of prostate cancer screening, with a low positive perception of screening. The study highlights the need to increase awareness of prostate cancer screening in Tanzania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam L Makungu
- Mbeya College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, P. O. Box 608, Mbeya, Tanzania
| | - Clement N Mweya
- Mbeya College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, P. O. Box 608, Mbeya, Tanzania; Mbeya Medical Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, P. O. Box 2410, Mbeya, Tanzania.
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Ekwan R, Bua E, Nantale R, Opito R, Abingwa P, Sserwanja Q, Kuteesa J, Mukunya D. Uptake of prostate cancer screening and associated factors among men aged 50 years and above in Lira city, Uganda: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:432. [PMID: 36879215 PMCID: PMC9987073 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15348-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men globally, with over 1.2 million cases reported in 2018. About 90% of men with prostate cancer are diagnosed when the disease is in an advanced stage. We assessed the factors associated with the uptake of prostate cancer screening among men aged ≥ 50 years in Lira city. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study involving 400 men aged ≥ 50 years in Lira city who were sampled using multistage cluster sampling method. Uptake of prostate cancer screening was defined as the proportion of men who received prostate cancer screening in the past one year prior to the interview. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the factors associated with the uptake of prostate cancer screening. Data were analyzed using Stata version 14.0 statistical software. RESULTS Of the 400 participants, only 18.5% (74/400) had ever been screened for prostate cancer. However, 70.7% (283/400) were willing to screen/rescreen if provided with the opportunity. Majority of the study participants, 70.5% (282/400) had ever heard about prostate cancer, mostly from a health worker (40.8% (115/282)). Less than half of the participants had high knowledge of prostate cancer. The factors that were significantly associated with prostate cancer screening were age ≥ 70 years, Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) 3.29: 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.20-9.00) and having a family history of prostate cancer, AOR 2.48 (95%CI: 1.32-4.65). CONCLUSION There was low uptake of prostate cancer screening among men in Lira City, but majority of men were willing to screen. We encourage policymakers in Uganda to ensure prostate cancer screening services are readily available and accessible by men so as to improve on early identification and treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Ekwan
- School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Emmanuel Bua
- Department of Surgery, Mbale regional referral hospital, Mbale, Uganda
| | - Ritah Nantale
- Department of Nursing, Busitema University, Mbale, Uganda.
| | - Ronald Opito
- Department of Public Health, Soroti University, Soroti, Uganda
| | | | | | - Job Kuteesa
- Department of Surgery, Mulago National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
| | - David Mukunya
- Department of Community and Public Health, Busitema University, Mbale, Uganda.,Department of Research, Nikao Medical Center, Kampala, Uganda
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Benedict MO, Steinberg WJ, Claassen FM, Mofolo N. Enhancing public awareness and practice of prostate cancer screening among African men: A scoping review. S Afr Fam Pract (2004) 2023; 65:e1-e11. [PMID: 36744487 PMCID: PMC9983284 DOI: 10.4102/safp.v65i1.5621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa)-related incidence is on the increase, with black South African men presenting disproportionately with aggressive disease. Recent studies show a greater net benefit of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening of black men compared with the general population. This scoping review provides an overview of available research on strategies that have enhanced PCa screening awareness and practice in the African setting. METHODS Relevant databases were searched to identify 2010-2021 studies. Following scoping review guidelines, data were extracted, summarised and quantitatively analysed. RESULTS Of the 21 articles included, 19 were from the United States. Nine were published within the last five years and 14 were pre-test/post-test. Most articles evaluated the effect of health-promoting strategies on awareness and practice of PCa screening among black men. Community-oriented strategies enhanced awareness and practice of PCa screening. Healthcare providers and community members, including PCa survivors, participated in the strategies' planning, development and implementation. Topics that improve PCa knowledge and clear cultural misconceptions were addressed, targeting public spaces unique to these men. Prostate cancer health education methods were diverse, comprehensive, user friendly and culturally sensitive. CONCLUSION More research on strategies to enhance PCa screening awareness and practice among African men is needed, as this is scarce. Strategies enhancing PCa screening awareness and practice among African men are community oriented and entail health education methods, topics, presenters and venues. These strategies can be adopted in the South African setting.Contribution: This study recommends strategies to enhance the awareness and practice of PCa screening among African men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew O. Benedict
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Wilhelm J. Steinberg
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Frederik M. Claassen
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Nathaniel Mofolo
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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Benedict MO, Steinberg WJ, Claassen FM, Mofolo N, van Rooyen C. Knowledge, beliefs and intentions of African men in the Free State about prostate cancer screening. Health SA 2022; 27:2081. [PMID: 36570089 PMCID: PMC9772771 DOI: 10.4102/hsag.v27i0.2081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background African men are less likely to participate in prostate cancer (PCa) screening, which may be beneficial to some of them. Gaps in knowledge, cultural factors and beliefs are associated with their screening intentions. Aim To determine the knowledge, cultural factors and screening intentions of African males regarding PCa screening. Setting The study was conducted among African men attending randomly selected primary healthcare clinics in the Free State province. Methods An analytical, cross-sectional survey using self-administered questionnaires developed in line with the Theory of Planned Behaviour constructs. Results Of the 389 respondents, 18.3% had ever been screened for PCa with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing and 6.2% by digital rectal examination (DRE). About a quarter (24.4%) of the respondents had knowledge scores ≥ 50%. Factors associated with greater intent to screen for PCa were lower degree of fear/apprehension of PCa screening (mean score = 2.03; p < 0.001), higher perceived benefits of PCa screening (mean score = 2.69; p = 0.002), lower perceived situational barriers to PCa screening (mean score = 2.03; p = 0.006) and higher perceived risk of getting PCa (mean score = 2.66; p = 0.024). Conclusion The observed low level of knowledge and practice of PCa screening among the respondents could be enhanced through PCa awareness strategies targeted at these men or those that could influence their decision making, especially healthcare providers. Factors that enhance screening intentions should be promoted. Contribution This study improves on the scarce literature on factors associated with African men's PCa screening intention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew O.A. Benedict
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Wilhelm J. Steinberg
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Frederik M. Claassen
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Nathaniel Mofolo
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Cornel van Rooyen
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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Shanko A, Abute L, Tamirat T. Prostate Cancer Screening Practice and Associated Factors Among Men in Public Health Facilities of Hossana Town, Ethiopia. Patient Relat Outcome Meas 2022; 13:229-238. [DOI: 10.2147/prom.s380898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Abila DB, Wasukira SB, Ainembabazi P, Kisuza RK, Nakiyingi EK, Mustafa A, Kangoma G, Adebisi YA, Lucero-Prisno DE, Wabinga H, Niyonzima N. Socioeconomic inequalities in prostate cancer screening in low- and middle-income countries: An analysis of the demographic and health surveys between 2010 and 2019. J Cancer Policy 2022; 34:100360. [PMID: 36089226 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpo.2022.100360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prostate cancer screening is a valuable public health tool in the early detection of prostate cancer. In this study, we aimed to determine the socioeconomic inequalities in the coverage of prostate cancer screening in Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). METHODS This was a retrospective analysis of men's recode data files that were collected by the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) in LMICs (Armenia, Colombia, Honduras, Kenya, Namibia, Dominican Republic, and the Philippines). We included surveys that were conducted from 2010 to 2020 and measured the coverage of prostate cancer screening and the study population was men aged 40 years or older. Socioeconomic inequality was measured using the Concertation Index (CIX) and the Slope Index of Inequality (SII). RESULTS Eight surveys from seven countries were included in the study with a total of 47,863 men. The coverage of prostate cancer screening was below 50% in all the countries with lower rates in the rural areas compared to the urban areas. The pooled estimate for the coverage of screening was 10.4% [95% CI, 7.9-12.9%). Inequalities in the coverage of prostate cancer screening between the wealth quintiles were observed in the Democratic Republic, Honduras, and Namibia. Great variation in inequalities in the coverage of prostate cancer screening between rural and urban residents was observed in Colombia and Namibia. CONCLUSION The coverage of prostate cancer screening was low in LMICs with variations in the coverage by the quintile of wealth (pro-rich) and type of place of residence (pro-urban). POLICY SUMMARY To achieve the desired impact of prostate cancer screening services in LMICs, it is important that the coverage of screening programs targets men living in rural areas and those in low wealth quintiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derrick Bary Abila
- Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K.
| | | | - Provia Ainembabazi
- Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K; Infectious Diseases Institute, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | | | - Asia Mustafa
- Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Grace Kangoma
- School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Don Eliseo Lucero-Prisno
- Global Health Focus, UK; Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Henry Wabinga
- Department of Pathology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
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Adedeji IA, Lawal SA, Aluko-Arowolo S. Prostate cancer knowledge gaps among community stakeholders in rural Nigeria: implications for seeking screening. Cancer Causes Control 2021; 32:895-901. [PMID: 33991283 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-021-01444-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In Nigeria, knowledge about prostate cancer (PCa) is poor, so are the availability, accessibility, and utilization of PCa screening services. Poor knowledge increases the burden of disease, this is more so in rural settings. PCa, being gender-specific, has underlying cultural connotations. There is a dearth of evidence on the rural-cultural understanding of PCa onset. The study examined community stakeholders' knowledge, risk perception, as well as the perceived barriers to seeking PCa screening. Rosenstock's Health Belief Model provided the theoretical framing for the study. METHODS The study design was descriptive and a cross-sectional approach to the social constructionist ideas of the qualitative tradition was adopted. There were twenty-one interviews with purposively selected community stakeholders; Fourteen key informant (traditional healers and medical doctors) interviews and seven In-depth Interviews (traditional leaders) held in the Ijebu culture cluster of Ogun State, Nigeria. Narratives were analyzed based on the following theoretical themes: knowledge, risk perception, and perceived barriers to PCa screening. These themes derived their structures from content-analyzed findings. RESULTS Results show that traditional healers and leaders have limited scientific knowledge of PCa etiology. Folk beliefs form the basis of PCa knowledge among most stakeholders. However, all stakeholders consider PCa a threat to men. The cultural sense of 'maleness' and access to appropriate information about PCa are essential approaches to establishing perceived threat/susceptibility. Cancer health education and distance of screening facilities are primary barriers to seeking screening. CONCLUSION Stakeholders' knowledge of PCa and PCa screening should be improved by educating them and developing integrative community engagement strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sola Aluko-Arowolo
- Department of Sociology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria
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Mbugua RG, Oluchina S, Karanja S. Prostate cancer awareness and screening among men in a rural community in Kenya: a cross-sectional study. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF UROLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s12301-020-00108-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Globally, prostate cancer ranks as the second most frequently diagnosed cancer among men with the highest mortality rates being in Asia and Africa. The screening rates have been very low among men from developing countries with the majority presenting in advanced stages of the disease. The study aimed to assess the awareness of prostate cancer and screening among men aged 40–69 years in a rural community in Kenya.
Methods
This cross-sectional mixed-method survey was conducted among men aged 40–69 years. Data were collected using a pretested questionnaire among 576 men and a Focus Group Discussion guide among 44 men. The study was conducted in all the community units in Gatundu North and Kiambu Sub-counties, Kenya.
Results
Five hundred and seventy-six men participated with a response rate of 100%. Of the men interviewed, 84% had ever heard of prostate cancer. Slightly below half (40.6%) of the respondents had ever heard of prostate cancer screening. There was the existence of myths and misconceptions which predominantly associated prostate cancer with sexual behaviors. Overall, 57.3% of the respondents had a low level of awareness of prostate cancer. The prevalence of prostate cancer screening was 5%. Willingness to undergo screening in the future was high (81%) among the participants. The most frequently cited (56.9%) reason for lack of willingness to screen was the participant’s belief that they were well. Participants who were aware of prostate cancer screening were more likely to take up screening (OR = 8.472; 95% CI: 1.554- 46.186; P = 0.014).
Conclusion
Awareness of prostate cancer symptoms, treatment, and screening was low with the existence of myths and misconceptions. The level of prostate cancer screening was abysmally low. It is vital for the Ministry of Health, county governments, and other stakeholders to consider the use of multifaceted approaches to increase public awareness on prostate cancer to enhance informed shared decision making. The study provides relevant information for designing prevention and control programs for prostate cancer.
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Mbey PM, Mukuku O, Arung WK, Tengu GK, Amisi NL, Kyabu VK, Odimba EFK, Tshilombo FK. Clinical, Histopathological, and Prognostic Characteristics of Patients with Prostate Cancer in Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of Congo. Prostate Cancer 2020; 2020:5286929. [PMID: 33376609 PMCID: PMC7746450 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5286929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prostate cancer is currently a public health problem with a frequency that varies from country to country. This study aims to describe the epidemiological, clinical, and histopathological and outcome features of prostate cancer in Lubumbashi in the Democratic Republic of Congo. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a descriptive longitudinal study of patients diagnosed with prostate cancer at the University Clinics of Lubumbashi. The study period was 3 years (2017 to 2019). Parameters studied were age and clinical, biological (PSA level, prostatic specific antigen), histopathological, and outcome features. RESULTS The mean age of patients was 68.7 years (range: 47 and 90 years). The 60 to 69 age group was the most affected (43.18%). Elderly subjects (≥60 years old) represented 89.77% of the cases (n = 79). Voiding disorders were the main reason for consultation in 55.68% of the cases. The mean PSA level was 133.7 ng/ml (range: 4 and 1564.5 ng/ml) at diagnosis and 125.4 ng/ml after 3 months of follow-up (range: 0.16 and 1782.1 ng/ml). Adenocarcinoma was the predominant histological type (100%). In prognosis, 31.82% of patients had a Gleason score greater than 7 and 59.10% had a high risk at the D'Amico risk classification for Prostate Cancer. Hormone therapy was administered alone in 75% of the cases and in combination with pulpectomy in 13.64% of the cases. The 3-year overall survival was 56.82%. CONCLUSION Prostate cancer is frequent and has a poor outcome in our country. The establishment of an individual screening policy would be an undeniable advantage in improving the prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pitchou Mukaz Mbey
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Olivier Mukuku
- Institut Supérieur des Techniques Médicales, Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Willy Kalau Arung
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | - Nasser Lubosha Amisi
- Hôpital Militaire de Garnison de Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Véronique Kabila Kyabu
- Department of Histopathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Etienne Fwamba Koshe Odimba
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - François Katombe Tshilombo
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
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