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Jafaripour L, Sohrabi Zadeh B, Jafaripour E, Ahmadvand H, Asadi-Shekaari M. Gallic acid improves liver cirrhosis by reducing oxidative stress and fibrogenesis in the liver of rats induced by bile duct ligation. Scand J Gastroenterol 2023; 58:1474-1483. [PMID: 37452479 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2023.2229929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Disturbance in the production and excretion of bile acid causes cholestatic liver disease. Liver cirrhosis is a disease that occurs if cholestasis continues. This study evaluated the protective effect of gallic acid (GA) on liver damage caused by biliary cirrhosis. Rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, each with 8 subjects: 1) control, 2) BDL, 3) BDL + GA 20, and 4) BDL + GA 30. The rats were anesthetized 28 days after the BDL, followed by collecting their blood and excising their liver. Their serum was used to measure liver enzymes, and the liver was used for biochemical analysis, gene expression, and histopathological analysis. Serum levels of liver enzymes, total bilirubin, liver Malondialdehyde level (MDA), expression of inflammatory cytokines and caspase-3, necrosis of hepatocytes, bile duct proliferation, lymphocytic infiltration, and liver fibrosis showed an increase in the BDL group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). In addition, BDL decreased the activity of liver antioxidant enzymes and glutathione (GSH) levels compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The groups receiving GA indicated a decrease in liver enzymes, total bilirubin, MDA, the expression of inflammatory cytokines and caspase-3, and a reduction in liver tissue damage compared to the BDL group (p < 0.05). The level of GSH in the BDL + GA 20 group showed a significant increase compared to the BDL group (p < 0.05). Moreover, it was found that GA, with its anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory properties, reduces liver damage caused by biliary cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Jafaripour
- Razi Herbal Medicines Researches Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Behzad Sohrabi Zadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Elham Jafaripour
- General Department of Education, Education Research Institute, Khuzestan, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hassan Ahmadvand
- Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Majid Asadi-Shekaari
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Therapeutic Effect of Biejiaxiaozheng Pills on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatic Fibrosis in Rats through the NF- κB/Nrf2 Pathway. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2021; 2021:3954244. [PMID: 34868305 PMCID: PMC8635903 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3954244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims To explore the effects of Biejiaxiaozheng pills on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats through the NF-κB/Nrf2 pathway and to explore the possible antifibrotic mechanisms of the drug. Material and Method. A rat model of hepatic fibrosis was established via CCl4 induction. Liver function and antioxidant indices were detected using commercial kits. Hematoxylin-eosin and Masson staining were used to detect pathological changes in hepatic tissues. ELISA was used to measure plasma TNF-α, IL-β, and IL-6 levels. RT-PCR was used to measure changes in TNF-α, IL-β, and IL-6 levels in hepatic tissues. Changes in p65, P-p65, Nrf2, and HO-1 protein expression were detected using western blotting. Results In rats with hepatic fibrosis, Biejiaxiaozheng pills effectively improved liver function, alleviated fibrosis in hepatic tissues, and significantly reduced collagen accumulation. The pills significantly downregulated inflammatory cytokine expression in hepatic tissues by suppressing p65 phosphorylation and reduced plasma inflammatory cytokine levels to some extent. The pills upregulated Nrf2 and HO-1 expression in hepatic tissues, enhanced antioxidant potential, and upregulated plasma antioxidant levels. Conclusion Biejiaxiaozheng pills improved hepatic fibrosis symptoms and lesions in rats, likely by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway and promoting the Nrf2 pathway.
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Zhu Z, Hu R, Li J, Xing X, Chen J, Zhou Q, Sun J. Alpinetin exerts anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and anti-angiogenic effects through activating the Nrf2 pathway and inhibiting NLRP3 pathway in carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107660. [PMID: 33862553 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alpinetin is the major active ingredient of Alpiniakatsumadai Hayata. As a kind of novel plant-derived flavonoid, alpinetin has shown potent hepatoprotective effect against many liver diseases such as non-alcoholic fatty liver and lipopolysaccharide/d-Galactosamine-induced liver injury. However, its roles in liver fibrosis remain to be determined. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of alpinetin in mice with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis, and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of action. Alpinetin ameliorated the CCl4-induced liver injury and fibrosis in mice, as shown by decreased collagen deposition and the decreased expression of liver fibrosis marker proteins. Alpinetin suppressed the inflammation and oxidative stress in fibrotic livers of mice, as evidenced by decreased levels of proinflammatory factors, the decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and the increased activities of antioxidant enzymes. In addition, alpinetin attenuated the angiogenesis in fibrotic livers of the test animals. Mechanistically, alpinetin inhibited the CCl4-induced expression of NLRP3, ASC, cleaved caspase-1, mature (cleaved-) IL-1β, and IL-18 in livers of mice. Furthermore, alpinetin resulted in an increased in the nuclear expression and a decrease in the cytoplasmic expression of Nrf2, as well as increased protein expression of downstream target enzymes, GCLC, HO-1, NQO1, and GCLM, thus exerting the antioxidant effect. Overall, these findings suggested that the anti-fibrotic effect of alpinetin can be attributed to the inhibition of NLRP3-mediated anti-inflammatory activities and Nrf2-mediated anti-oxidative activities, in addition to the decrement of hepatic angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226018, China
| | - Renyue Hu
- Medical School of Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Jidan Li
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226018, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Xing
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226018, China
| | - Jianxin Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226018, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Operating Room, Affiliated Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226018, China.
| | - Jingjun Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226018, China.
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Mo C, Xie S, Zhong W, Zeng T, Huang S, Lai Y, Deng G, Zhou C, Yan W, Chen Y, Huang S, Gao L, Lv Z. Mutual antagonism between indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 and nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 regulates the maturation status of DCs in liver fibrosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 160:178-190. [PMID: 32771520 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis can develop into liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma substantially without effective available treatment currently due to rarely characterized molecular pathogenesis. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1(IDO1) can be detected on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and modulates various immune responses. However, the role of IDO1 in the regulation of dendritic cells (DCs) during liver fibrosis is rarely reported. Here, we found that hepatic IDO1 was up-regulated during CCL4-induced liver fibrosis, which accompanied by a significant decrease in the frequencies of CD11c+CD80+, CD11c+CD86+, CD11c+CD40+ and CD11c+MHCII+ cells and a reduction in the subsequent T cell proliferation rate, whereas these changes were reversed significantly in IDO1-/- mice. Overexpressing IDO1 by adeno-associated viral vector serotype 9 (AAV9) significantly inhibited the maturation status of DCs, worsened fibrosis. In vitro studies showed that significantly elevated CD80, CD86, CD40 and MHCII expression were observed in BMDCs derived from IDO1-/- mice. Moreover, the maturation of BMDCs derived from WT mice were significantly increased after stimulated with IDO1 inhibitor (1-methyl- D -tryptophan). Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a key regulator of the cellular adaptive response to oxidative insults and inflammation, exhibited a markedly decrease in the liver of WT fibrotic mice, nevertheless, knockout of IDO1 enhanced the protein level of Nrf2. Moreover, the expression of IDO1 and Nrf2 exhibited inverse colocalization pattern suggesting that ectopically expressed IDO1 down-regulated Nrf2. Additionally, up-regulation of IDO1 was also observed in the livers of Nrf2-/- fibrotic mice. Taken together, these data uncovered mutual antagonism between IDO1 and Nrf2 on the maturation status of DCs during hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Mo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Shuwen Xie
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Weichao Zhong
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, No.1, Fuhua Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518033, China
| | - Ting Zeng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Sha Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Yuqi Lai
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Guanghui Deng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Chuying Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Weixin Yan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Yuyao Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Shaohui Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Lei Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China.
| | - Zhiping Lv
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.
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