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Sallese M, Efthymakis K, Marchioni M, Neri B, Dufrusine B, Dainese E, Di Nicola M, Neri M. Gene Expression Profiling in Coeliac Disease Confirmed the Key Role of the Immune System and Revealed a Molecular Overlap with Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097769. [PMID: 37175481 PMCID: PMC10178871 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Coeliac disease (CeD) is an immune-mediated disorder triggered by the ingestion of gluten and an as yet unidentified environmental factor in genetically predisposed individuals. The disease involves a major autoimmune component that primarily damages the intestinal mucosa; although, it also has systemic involvement. The Th1 inflammatory response is one of the main events leading to mucosal damage; although, enterocytes and the innate immune response also participate in the pathological mechanism. In this study, we performed an analysis of the gene expression profile of the intestinal mucosa of patients with active disease and compared it with that of patients who do not suffer from gluten-related disorders but report dyspeptic symptoms. This analysis identified 1781 differentially expressed (DE) genes, of which 872 were downregulated and 909 upregulated. Gene Ontology and pathway analysis indicated that the innate and adaptive immune response, in particular the Th1 pathway, are important pathogenetic mechanisms of CeD, while the key cytokines are IL27, IL21, IL2, IL1b, TNF, CSF2 and IL7, as well as type I (IFNA1, IFNA2) and type II (IFNG) interferons. Finally, the comparison between the DE genes identified in this study and those identified in our previous study in the intestinal mucosa of patients with non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) revealed a high degree of molecular overlap. About 30% of the genes dysregulated in NCGS, most of which are long non-coding RNAs, are also altered in CeD suggesting that these diseases may have a common root (dysregulated long non-coding RNAs) from which they develop towards an inflammatory phenotype of variable degree in the case of CeD and NCGS respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Sallese
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Konstantinos Efthymakis
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Michele Marchioni
- Laboratory of Biostatistics, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Benedetto Neri
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University 'Tor Vergata' of Rome, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Beatrice Dufrusine
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Enrico Dainese
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Marta Di Nicola
- Laboratory of Biostatistics, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Matteo Neri
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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Wang Z, Wu L, Dong P, Wang Q, Sun X, Liu L, Guo Y, Sun Y, Shu T. Meta-Analysis of the Association Between 5-Hydroxytryptamine Transporter Gene-Linked Polymorphic Region and Functional Dyspepsia and its Subtypes. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2023; 27:100-108. [PMID: 36989523 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2022.0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Association studies of variations in the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) transporter gene-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) and functional dyspepsia (FD) have yielded contradictory results. Hence, we performed a meta-analysis to clarify inconsistencies between the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism with FD and it subtypes. Methods: We performed a literature search in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and CNKI, including articles published until March 2022. We calculated and pooled odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in Stata 15.0. Data extraction was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Results: The meta-analysis included six studies, comprising 488 cases and 1513 healthy controls. We did not observe a significant association between the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and FD in the overall population. In subgroup analyses, the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism was significantly associated with FD-subtype epigastric pain syndrome (EPS) (SS vs. LL+LS, OR = 0.620, 95% CI: 0.414-0.930; SS vs. LS, OR = 0.640, 95% CI: 0.417-0.980; S vs. L, OR = 0.655, 95% CI: 0.471-0.911). However, no association was observed with the other subtype, postprandial distress syndrome (PDS). Conclusion: While the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism had no relationship with FD overall, splitting the disease into its subtypes revealed a clear association with EPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Wang
- School of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, the Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Liping Wu
- School of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, the Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, the Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Peiwen Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, the Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, the Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaobin Sun
- School of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, the Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, the Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Medical Research Center, the Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, the Second Chengdu Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuanbiao Guo
- Medical Research Center, the Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, the Second Chengdu Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yueshan Sun
- Medical Research Center, the Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, the Second Chengdu Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Shu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, the Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
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Kim YS, Kim N. Functional Dyspepsia: A Narrative Review With a Focus on Sex-Gender Differences. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2020; 26:322-334. [PMID: 32606255 PMCID: PMC7329152 DOI: 10.5056/jnm20026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional dyspepsia (FD) is among the most common gastrointestinal disorders affecting quality of life (QoL). As it frequently occurs in women than in men the comparison of various aspects including prevalence, clinical manifestations, and QoL in FD between women and men is very important for understanding the disease distribution and burden, evaluating treatment options, developing new drugs, and allocating medical resources. However, little is known about sex or gender differences among patients with FD. In spite of limited studies, consistent points are that FD occurs more often in women than in men and there are several symptom differences between men and women with FD. In addition, women with FD tend to have lower QoL than men with FD. Similarly, the pathophysiology of FD likely to vary depending on gender. Furthermore, a sex-gender-oriented approach in healthcare system could enhance understanding heterogeneous patients suffering from FD. Due to the sex-gender differences in physiological and psychological factors, treatment strategies should differ between women and men with FD. In conclusion, an individualized and multicomponent approach that considers sex and gender issues might improve FD treatment and improve patient Qol, especially for women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Sun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Healthcare Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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