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Ahangari R, Khezri S, Jahedsani A, Bakhshii S, Salimi A. Ellagic acid alleviates clozapine‑induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiomyocytes. Drug Chem Toxicol 2020; 45:1625-1633. [PMID: 33222529 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2020.1850758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Clozapine (CLZ) as an antipsychotic agent is very effective in treating of psychosis disorders and resistant schizophrenia, but the risk of severe cardiac toxicity effects restricts its clinical use. There are several interrelated hypotheses to explain clozapine-induced cardiotoxicity which all of them may be related to oxidative stress. Therefore, the current study investigated the harmful effects of clozapine on cardiomyocytes and assessed the cytoprotective effect of ellagic acid (EA). Freshly isolated adult rat ventricular cardiomyocytes were incubated for 4 h at 37 °C with 00.05% ethanol as control, CLZ (50 µM), CLZ (50 µM) + a series of EA concentrations (10, 20 and 50 µM) and EA (50 µM). To evaluate the protective effect of EA, the markers of cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, mitochondria membrane potential (ΔΨm) collapse, lysosomal membrane integrity, malondialdehyde (MDA) and oxidized/reduced glutathione (GSH/GSSG) content were checked by biochemical and flowcytometry techniques. Our results demonstrated that EA (10, 20 and 50 µM) effectively inhibited CLZ-induced cytotoxicity which is associated with ROS overproduction and amelioration of mitochondrial and lysosomal damages. In addition, EA (10, 20 and 50 µM) in the presence of CLZ reduced the production of MDA as a specific marker lipid peroxidation and GSSG. Collectively, these findings suggested that EA protects cardiomyocytes from oxidative injury through inhibiting ROS formation, mitochondria dysfunction, and lysosomal damages, which suggest a potential therapeutic strategy of EA for CLZ-induced oxidative stress and cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Ahangari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.,Students Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Saleh Khezri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.,Students Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Asal Jahedsani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.,Students Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Saba Bakhshii
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.,Students Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Ahmad Salimi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.,Traditional Medicine and Hydrotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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