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Mamun M, Zheng YC, Wang N, Wang B, Zhang Y, Pang JR, Shen DD, Liu HM, Gao Y. Decoding CLU (Clusterin): Conquering cancer treatment resistance and immunological barriers. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 137:112355. [PMID: 38851158 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
One major obstacle in the treatment of cancer is the presence of proteins resistant to cancer therapy, which can impede the effectiveness of traditional approaches such as radiation and chemotherapy. This resistance can lead to disease progression and cause treatment failure. Extensive research is currently focused on studying these proteins to create tailored treatments that can circumvent resistance mechanisms. CLU (Clusterin), a chaperone protein, has gained notoriety for its role in promoting resistance to a wide range of cancer treatments, including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and targeted therapy. The protein has also been discovered to have a role in regulating the immunosuppressive environment within tumors. Its ability to influence oncogenic signaling and inhibit cell death bolster cancer cells resistant against treatments, which poses a significant challenge in the field of oncology. Researchers are actively investigating to the mechanisms by which CLU exerts its resistance-promoting effects, with the ultimate goal of developing strategies to circumvent its impact and enhance the effectiveness of cancer therapies. By exploring CLU's impact on cancer, resistance mechanisms, tumor microenvironment (TME), and therapeutic strategies, this review aims to contribute to the ongoing efforts to improve cancer treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maa Mamun
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Yi-Chao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Ning Wang
- The School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Jing-Ru Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Dan-Dan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Endometrial Disease Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou China, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Ya Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
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Negri A, Marozzi M, Trisciuoglio D, Rotili D, Mai A, Rizzi F. Simultaneous administration of EZH2 and BET inhibitors inhibits proliferation and clonogenic ability of metastatic prostate cancer cells. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2163242. [PMID: 36629431 PMCID: PMC9848337 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2163242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a common treatment for recurrent prostate cancer (PC). However, after a certain period of responsiveness, ADT resistance occurs virtually in all patients and the disease progresses to lethal metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Aberrant expression and function of the epigenetic modifiers EZH2 and BET over activates c-myc, an oncogenic transcription factor critically contributing to mCRPC. In the present work, we tested, for the first time, the combination of an EZH2 inhibitor with a BET inhibitor in metastatic PC cells. The combination outperformed single drugs in inhibiting cell viability, cell proliferation and clonogenic ability, and concomitantly reduced both c-myc and NF-kB expression. Although these promising results will warrant further in vivo validation, they represent the first step to establishing the rationale that the proposed combination might be suitable for mCRPC treatment, by exploiting molecular targets different from androgen receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aide Negri
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marina Marozzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Daniela Trisciuoglio
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IMBP), National Research Council (CNR) c/o Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin,” Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Dante Rotili
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Rizzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy,National Institute of Biostructure and Biosystems (INBB), Rome, Italy,CONTACT Federica Rizzi Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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3
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Zhang Y, Lv X, Chen L, Liu Y. The role and function of CLU in cancer biology and therapy. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:1375-1391. [PMID: 36098834 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00885-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Clusterin (CLU) is a highly evolutionary conserved glycoprotein with multiple isoform-specific functions and is widely distributed in different species. Accumulated evidence has shown the prominent role of CLU in regulating several essential physiological processes, including programmed cell death, metastasis, invasion, proliferation and cell growth via regulating diverse signaling pathways to mediate cancer progression in various cancers, such as prostate, breast, lung, liver, colon, bladder and pancreatic cancer. Several studies have revealed the potential benefit of inhibiting CLU in CLU inhibition-based targeted cancer therapies in vitro, in vivo or in human, suggesting CLU is a promising therapeutic target. This review discusses the multiple functions and mechanisms of CLU in regulating tumor progression of various cancers and summarizes the inhibitors of CLU used in CLU inhibition-based targeted cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yefei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cancer, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Lv
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cancer, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cancer, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cancer, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang Q, Teow JY, Kerishnan JP, Abd Halim AA, Chen Y. Clusterin and Its Isoforms in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Their Potential as Biomarkers: A Comprehensive Review. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051458. [PMID: 37239129 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a prevalent type of head and neck cancer, ranked as the sixth most common cancer worldwide, accounting for approximately 300,000 new cases and 145,000 deaths annually. Early detection using biomarkers significantly increases the 5-year survival rate of OSCC by up to 80-90%. Clusterin (CLU), also known as apolipoprotein J, is a sulfated chaperonic glycoprotein expressed in all tissues and human fluids and has been reported to be a potential biomarker of OSCC. CLU has been implicated as playing a vital role in many biological processes such as apoptosis, cell cycle, etc. Abnormal CLU expression has been linked with the development and progression of cancers. Despite the fact that there are many studies that have reported the involvement of CLU and its isoforms in OSCC, the exact roles of CLU and its isoforms in OSCC carcinogenesis have not been fully explored. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the current understanding of CLU structure and genetics and its correlation with OSCC tumorigenesis to better understand potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker development. The relationship between CLU and chemotherapy resistance in cancer will also be discussed to explore the therapeutic application of CLU and its isoforms in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Jun Yao Teow
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | | | - Adyani Azizah Abd Halim
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Yeng Chen
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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Marozzi M, Parnigoni A, Negri A, Viola M, Vigetti D, Passi A, Karousou E, Rizzi F. Inflammation, Extracellular Matrix Remodeling, and Proteostasis in Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158102. [PMID: 34360868 PMCID: PMC8346982 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a multifaceted and complex pathology characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation and decreased apoptosis. Most cancers are recognized by an inflammatory environment rich in a myriad of factors produced by immune infiltrate cells that induce host cells to differentiate and to produce a matrix that is more favorable to tumor cells’ survival and metastasis. As a result, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is changed in terms of macromolecules content, degrading enzymes, and proteins. Altered ECM components, derived from remodeling processes, interact with a variety of surface receptors triggering intracellular signaling that, in turn, cancer cells exploit to their own benefit. This review aims to present the role of different aspects of ECM components in the tumor microenvironment. Particularly, we highlight the effect of pro- and inflammatory factors on ECM degrading enzymes, such as metalloproteases, and in a more detailed manner on hyaluronan metabolism and the signaling pathways triggered by the binding of hyaluronan with its receptors. In addition, we sought to explore the role of extracellular chaperones, especially of clusterin which is one of the most prominent in the extracellular space, in proteostasis and signaling transduction in the tumor microenvironment. Although the described tumor microenvironment components have different biological roles, they may engage common signaling pathways that favor tumor growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Marozzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43125 Parma, Italy; (M.M.); (A.N.); (F.R.)
| | - Arianna Parnigoni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 5, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.P.); (M.V.); (D.V.); (A.P.)
| | - Aide Negri
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43125 Parma, Italy; (M.M.); (A.N.); (F.R.)
| | - Manuela Viola
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 5, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.P.); (M.V.); (D.V.); (A.P.)
| | - Davide Vigetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 5, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.P.); (M.V.); (D.V.); (A.P.)
| | - Alberto Passi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 5, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.P.); (M.V.); (D.V.); (A.P.)
| | - Evgenia Karousou
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 5, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.P.); (M.V.); (D.V.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Federica Rizzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43125 Parma, Italy; (M.M.); (A.N.); (F.R.)
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Wong YL, Ramanathan A, Yuen KM, Mustafa WMW, Abraham MT, Tay KK, Rahman ZAA, Chen Y. Comparative sera proteomics analysis of differentially expressed proteins in oral squamous cell carcinoma. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11548. [PMID: 34178453 PMCID: PMC8199918 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has increased in incidence from 1990 to 2017, especially in South and Southeast Asia. It is often diagnosed at an advanced stage with a poor prognosis. Therefore, early detection of OSCC is essential to improve the prognosis of OSCC. This study aims to identify the differentially expressed serum proteins as potential biomarkers for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods Comparative proteomics profiling of serum samples from OSCC patients, oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD) patients, and healthy individuals were performed using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) (n = 60) and bioinformatics analysis. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (n = 120) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) (n = 70) were used to confirm our findings. Results The 2-DE analysis revealed that 20 differentially expressed proteins were detected in OPMD and OSCC (p < 0.05). Bioinformatics analysis indicated that the activation of classical complement, liver X receptor/retinoid X receptor (LXR/RXR) activation, and acute phase response signaling pathway are associated with the development and progression of OSCC. Most of the detected proteins are acute-phase proteins and were related to inflammation and immune responses, including apolipoprotein A-I (APOA1), complement C3 (C3), clusterin (CLU), and haptoglobin (HP). The expression levels of CLU and HP in ELISA are consistent with the findings from the 2-DE analysis, except for the mean serum level of HP in OPMD, whereby it was slightly higher than that in control. IHC results demonstrated that CLU and HP are significantly decreased in OSCC tissues. Conclusion Decreased expression of CLU and HP could serve as complementary biomarkers of OSCC. These proteins may assist in predicting the outcomes of OSCC patients. However, a larger cohort is needed for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Ling Wong
- Department of Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anand Ramanathan
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kar Mun Yuen
- Oral Health Program, Ministry of Health, Federal Government Administrative Centre, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | | | - Mannil Thomas Abraham
- Oral Health Program, Ministry of Health, Federal Government Administrative Centre, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Keng Kiong Tay
- Oral Health Program, Ministry of Health, Federal Government Administrative Centre, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Zainal Ariff Abdul Rahman
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yeng Chen
- Department of Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Dong M, Lih TSM, Höti N, Chen SY, Ponce S, Partin A, Zhang H. Development of Parallel Reaction Monitoring Assays for the Detection of Aggressive Prostate Cancer Using Urinary Glycoproteins. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:3590-3599. [PMID: 34106707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we have found that two urinary glycoproteins, prostatic acid phosphatase (ACPP) and clusterin (CLU), combined with serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) can serve as a three-signature panel for detecting aggressive prostate cancer (PCa) based on a quantitative glycoproteomic study. To facilitate the translation of candidates into clinically applicable tests, robust and accurate targeted parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) assays that can be widely adopted in multiple labs were developed in this study. The developed PRM assays for the urinary glycopeptides, FLN*ESYK from ACPP and EDALN*ETR from CLU, demonstrated good repeatability and a sufficient working range covering three to four orders of magnitude, and their performance in differentiating aggressive PCa was assessed by the quantitative analysis of urine specimens collected from 69 nonaggressive (Gleason score = 6) and 73 aggressive (Gleason ≥ 8) PCa patients. When ACPP combined with CLU, the discrimination power was improved from an area under a curve (AUC) of 0.66 to 0.78. By combining ACPP, CLU, and serum PSA to form a three-signature panel, the AUC was further improved to 0.83 (sensitivity: 84.9%, specificity: 66.7%). Since the serum PSA test alone had an AUC of 0.68, our results demonstrated that the new urinary glycopeptide PRM assays can serve as an adjunct to the serum PSA test to achieve better predictive power toward aggressive PCa. In summary, our developed PRM assays for urinary glycopeptides were successfully applied to clinical PCa urine samples with a promising performance in aggressive PCa detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Dong
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 400 N. Broadway Street, Smith Building, Room 4011, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Tung-Shing Mamie Lih
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 400 N. Broadway Street, Smith Building, Room 4011, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Naseruddin Höti
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 400 N. Broadway Street, Smith Building, Room 4011, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Shao-Yung Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 400 N. Broadway Street, Smith Building, Room 4011, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Sean Ponce
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 400 N. Broadway Street, Smith Building, Room 4011, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Alan Partin
- The Brady Urological Institute, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 400 N. Broadway Street, Smith Building, Room 4011, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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Cheimonidi C, Grivas IN, Sesti F, Kavrochorianou N, Gianniou DD, Taoufik E, Badounas F, Papassideri I, Rizzi F, Tsitsilonis OE, Haralambous S, Trougakos IP. Clusterin overexpression in mice exacerbates diabetic phenotypes but suppresses tumor progression in a mouse melanoma model. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:6485-6505. [PMID: 33744871 PMCID: PMC7993736 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Clusterin (CLU) is an ATP-independent small heat shock protein-like chaperone, which functions both intra- and extra-cellularly. Consequently, it has been functionally involved in several physiological (including aging), as well as in pathological conditions and most age-related diseases, e.g., cancer, neurodegeneration, and metabolic syndrome. To address CLU function at an in vivo model we established CLU transgenic (Tg) mice bearing ubiquitous or pancreas-targeted CLU overexpression (OE). Our downstream analyses in established Tg lines showed that ubiquitous or pancreas-targeted CLU OE in mice affected antioxidant, proteostatic and metabolic pathways. Targeted OE of CLU in the pancreas, which also resulted in CLU upregulation in the liver likely via systemic effects, increased basal glucose levels in the circulation and exacerbated diabetic phenotypes. Furthermore, by establishing a syngeneic melanoma mouse tumor model we found that ubiquitous CLU OE suppressed melanoma cells growth, indicating a likely tumor suppressor function in early phases of tumorigenesis. Our observations provide in vivo evidence corroborating the notion that CLU is a potential modulator of metabolic and/or proteostatic pathways playing an important role in diabetes and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Cheimonidi
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 15784, Greece
| | - Ioannis N. Grivas
- Inflammation Research Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Transgenic Technology Laboratory, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens 11521, Greece
| | - Fabiola Sesti
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 15784, Greece
| | - Nadia Kavrochorianou
- Inflammation Research Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Transgenic Technology Laboratory, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens 11521, Greece
| | - Despoina D. Gianniou
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 15784, Greece
| | - Era Taoufik
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology-Stem Cells, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens 11521, Greece
| | - Fotis Badounas
- Inflammation Research Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Transgenic Technology Laboratory, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens 11521, Greece
| | - Issidora Papassideri
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 15784, Greece
| | - Federica Rizzi
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Universita di Parma, Parma 43125, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi (I.N.B.B.), Roma 00136, Italy
| | - Ourania E. Tsitsilonis
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 15784, Greece
| | - Sylva Haralambous
- Inflammation Research Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Transgenic Technology Laboratory, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens 11521, Greece
| | - Ioannis P. Trougakos
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 15784, Greece
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Chen Z, Fan Z, Dou X, Zhou Q, Zeng G, Liu L, Chen W, Lan R, Liu W, Ru G, Yu L, He QY, Chen L. Inactivation of tumor suppressor gene Clusterin leads to hyperactivation of TAK1-NF-κB signaling axis in lung cancer cells and denotes a therapeutic opportunity. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:11520-11534. [PMID: 33052230 PMCID: PMC7545994 DOI: 10.7150/thno.44829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Clinical success of precision medicine is severely limited by de novo or acquired drug resistance. It remains a clinically unmet need to treat these patients. Tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) play a critical role in tumorigenesis and impact the therapeutic effect of various treatments. Experimental Design: Using clinical data, in vitro cell line data and in vivo mouse model data, we revealed the tumor suppressive role of Clusterin in lung cancer. We also delineated the signaling cascade elicited by loss of function of CLU in NSCLC cells and tested precision medicine for CLU deficient lung cancers. Results: CLU is a potent and clinically relevant TSG in lung cancer. Mechanistically, CLU inhibits TGFBR1 to recruit TRAF6/TAB2/TAK1 complex and thus inhibits activation of TAK1- NF-κB signaling axis. Lung cancer cells with loss of function of CLU show exquisite sensitivity to TAK1 inhibitors. Importantly, we show that a significant portion of Kras mutation positive NSCLC patients are concurrently deficient of CLU and that TAK1 kinase inhibitor synergizes with existing drugs to treat this portion of lung cancers patients. Conclusions: Combinational treatment with TAK1 inhibitor and MEK1/2 inhibitor effectively shrank Kras mutation positive and CLU deficient NSCLC tumors. Moreover, we put forward a concept that loss of function of a TSG rewires signaling network and thereby creates an Achilles' heel in tumor cells which could be exploited in precision medicine.
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Flavonoids as Epigenetic Modulators for Prostate Cancer Prevention. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12041010. [PMID: 32268584 PMCID: PMC7231128 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a multifactorial disease with an unclear etiology. Due to its high prevalence, long latency, and slow progression, PCa is an ideal target for chemoprevention strategies. Many research studies have highlighted the positive effects of natural flavonoids on chronic diseases, including PCa. Different classes of dietary flavonoids exhibit anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic, anti-aging, cardioprotective, anti-viral/bacterial and anti-carcinogenic properties. We overviewed the most recent evidence of the antitumoral effects exerted by dietary flavonoids, with a special focus on their epigenetic action in PCa. Epigenetic alterations have been identified as key initiating events in several kinds of cancer. Many dietary flavonoids have been found to reverse DNA aberrations that promote neoplastic transformation, particularly for PCa. The epigenetic targets of the actions of flavonoids include oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, indirectly controlled through the regulation of epigenetic enzymes such as DNA methyltransferase (DNMT), histone acetyltransferase (HAT), and histone deacetylase (HDAC). In addition, flavonoids were found capable of restoring miRNA and lncRNA expression that is altered during diseases. The optimization of the use of flavonoids as natural epigenetic modulators for chemoprevention and as a possible treatment of PCa and other kinds of cancers could represent a promising and valid strategy to inhibit carcinogenesis and fight cancer.
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