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Longevity OMAC. Retracted: Apatinib Promotes Apoptosis of Pancreatic Cancer Cells through Downregulation of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 α and Increased Levels of Reactive Oxygen Species. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2024; 2024:9786072. [PMID: 38234535 PMCID: PMC10791317 DOI: 10.1155/2024/9786072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2019/5152072.].
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Hu J, Wu Q, Ding Q, Wu W, Li Q, Zheng Z. High Level of Adropin Promotes the Progression of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2024; 24:629-641. [PMID: 37990897 DOI: 10.2174/0115680096267203231024093601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Preliminary experiments have revealed the abnormally high expression level of adropin in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). This study investigated the role of adropin in the progression of PDA. METHODS The paraffin-embedded samples of 20 patients with PDA were obtained from the hospital biobank, and immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate adropin expression. PDA cell lines were cultured and treated with recombinant adropin or adropin knockdown. Cell behavior was assessed, and the expression of phospho-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (p-VEGFR2) and other related proteins was detected. The cell-derived xenograft (CDX) of PDA was established, and the effects of adropin or adropin knockdown on tumor growth were observed. RESULTS The PDA cancer tissues exhibited elevated adropin protein expression compared with the paracancerous tissues, and the expression was positively correlated with carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels in patients. Adropin significantly promoted the proliferation and migration of PDA cells and upregulated the expression of p-VEGFR2, Ki67, cyclin D1, and matrix metalloprotein 2 (MMP2). After the knockdown of adropin expression or blockade of VEGFR2, the above effects of adropin were significantly reversed. Adropin supplementation significantly accelerated tumor growth in PDA CDX; upregulated the expression of p-VEGFR2, Ki67, cyclin D1, and MMP2; and promoted angiogenesis in tumor tissue microenvironment. However, CDX inoculated with adropin knockdown cells produced the opposite results. CONCLUSION Adropin overexpression in PDA promotes cancer cell proliferation and angiogenesis in tumor microenvironment by continuously activating VEGFR2 signaling, thereby creating conditions for tumor progression. Thus, targeting adropin may be an effective anti-PDA strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilong Hu
- Department of Abdominal Surgery Oncology, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Qinrong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Yingtan People's Hospital, Yingtan, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Qunhua Ding
- Department of Abdominal Surgery Oncology, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Weibo Wu
- Department of Abdominal Surgery Oncology, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Qiyun Li
- Department of Abdominal Surgery Oncology, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Zhinan Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
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Ma Y, Li J, Wen L, Zhang G, Yao X. Efficacy and safety of apatinib combined with radiotherapy in the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer: a meta-analysis. World J Surg Oncol 2023; 21:165. [PMID: 37264386 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-023-03055-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE At present, pancreatic cancer (PC) has a high morbidity and mortality rate and a poor prognosis. The aim of this article was to study the efficacy and safety of apatinib combined with radiotherapy in the treatment of advanced PC. METHODS The PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Wanfang, CNKI, VIP, and CBM databases were searched by computer to identify studies on the application of apatinib in patients with advanced PC. The patients in the included study were divided into an observation group (apatinib combined with radiotherapy) and a control group (radiotherapy only), and meta-analysis was performed for each outcome with Revman 5.4 software. This study was successfully registered on the PROSPERO website, and the registration number is CRD: 42,022,384,056 (available at https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=384056 ). RESULTS A total of 7 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with 428 patients were included, including 215 in the observation group and 213 in the control group. Compared with the control group, the observation group showed a greater objective response rate [OR = 3.26, 95% CI (2.18, 4.87), P < 0.0001], disease control rate [OR = 5.04, 95% CI (3.12, 8.12), P < 0.0001], complete response rate [OR = 3.87, 95% CI (1.51, 9.88), P = 0.005], and partial response rate [OR = 2.43, 95% CI (1.63, 3.61), P < 0.001], The 1-year survival rate [OR = 2.39, 95% CI (1.15, 4.96), P < 0.05], 2-year survival rate [OR = 2.41, 95% CI (1.03, 5.61), P < 0.05], progression-free survival time [MD = 1.17, 95% CI (0.37, 1.96), P < 0.05], overall survival time [MD = 1.47, 95% CI (0.13, 2.80), P < 0.05], while the stability rate [OR = 1.14, 95% CI (0.72, 1.81), P = 0.58] and various complications were not significantly different between the two groups. CONCLUSION Apatinib combined with radiotherapy was more effective than radiotherapy alone in the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer (PC), and apatinib had acceptable safety. However, since our study was limited by the quantity and quality of the included studies, we look forward to more large-sample, multicentre, and high-quality RCTs in the future to verify the conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Ma
- Ganzhou Hospital of Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Ganzhou Municipal Hospital, No. 49 Da Gong Street, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Jinghui Li
- Ganzhou Hospital of Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Ganzhou Municipal Hospital, No. 49 Da Gong Street, Ganzhou, 341000, China
- Gannan Medical University, No. 1 Medical College Road, Ganzhou, 341000, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, No.106 Zhongshan 2Nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Liang Wen
- Ganzhou Hospital of Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Ganzhou Municipal Hospital, No. 49 Da Gong Street, Ganzhou, 341000, China
- Gannan Medical University, No. 1 Medical College Road, Ganzhou, 341000, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, No.106 Zhongshan 2Nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Guosheng Zhang
- Ganzhou Hospital of Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Ganzhou Municipal Hospital, No. 49 Da Gong Street, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Xueqing Yao
- Ganzhou Hospital of Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Ganzhou Municipal Hospital, No. 49 Da Gong Street, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
- Gannan Medical University, No. 1 Medical College Road, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, No.106 Zhongshan 2Nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Zhou H, Yun X, Shu Y, Xu K. Aspirin increases the efficacy of gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer by modulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and reversing epithelial‑mesenchymal transition. Oncol Lett 2023; 25:101. [PMID: 36817049 PMCID: PMC9932045 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.13687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gemcitabine is regarded as a standard medication for patients with pancreatic cancer. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of aspirin (ASA) on the efficacy of gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer and the potential mechanism. The SW1990 and BxPC-3 human pancreatic cell lines were treated with 2 mmol/l ASA and/or 1 mg/l gemcitabine. The effects of the treatments were tested on the viability, migration and invasion of the cells using MTT, wound healing and Transwell invasion assays. In addition, cell apoptosis was evaluated via flow cytometry with Annexin V-FITC/PI and the western blotting of Bax and Bcl-2. The expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated proteins and activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway were also assessed using western blotting. The results reveal that ASA increased the efficacy of gemcitabine in reducing the proliferation, migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells and increasing their apoptosis. These effects are associated with inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and the reversal of EMT. Thus, the combined use of ASA and gemcitabine is suggested to be a potential therapeutic strategy for patients with pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China,Department of Oncology, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China,Department of Oncology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215001, P.R. China,Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215001, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Yun
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Yongqian Shu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China,Department of Oncology, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China,Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China,Dr Yongqian Shu, Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Gulou, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China, E-mail:
| | - Kequn Xu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Dr Kequn Xu, Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 29 Xinglong Lane, Tianning, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China, E-mail:
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Li H, Huang H, Zhang T, Feng H, Wang S, Zhang Y, Ji X, Cheng X, Zhao R. Apatinib: A Novel Antiangiogenic Drug in Monotherapy or Combination Immunotherapy for Digestive System Malignancies. Front Immunol 2022; 13:937307. [PMID: 35844616 PMCID: PMC9276937 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.937307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Digestive system malignancies are one of the primary causes of cancer-related death. Meanwhile, angiogenesis has been proved to play an important role in the process of cancer neovascularization. Apatinib, a novel targeted antiangiogenic molecule, could generate highly selective competition in the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2, involved in tumor progression and metastasis. It has been implied as a promising cancer treatment agent that can prevent tumor cell proliferation meanwhile inhibit tumor angiogenesis. Furthermore, completed clinical trials demonstrated that apatinib could prolong the progression-free survival and overall survival in advanced gastric cancer and primary liver cancer. Recent studies revealed that apatinib had a synergistic effect with immunotherapy as a second-line and third-line treatment regimen for some other cancers. In this review, we summarize the pharmacological properties of apatinib and the latest clinical application in chemotherapy-refractory patients with advanced digestive system cancer. Based on the comparable survival results, the molecular mechanisms of apatinib are prospective to include the antiangiogenic, apoptosis-inducing, and autophagy-inducing properties in the corresponding signaling pathway. Treatment of apatinib monotherapy or combination immunotherapy remains the optimal option for patients with digestive system malignancies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haosheng Li
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Digestive surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyan Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Digestive surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Digestive surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoran Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Digestive surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaodong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Digestive surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaqi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Digestive surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaopin Ji
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Digestive surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaopin Ji, ; Xi Cheng, ; Ren Zhao,
| | - Xi Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Digestive surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaopin Ji, ; Xi Cheng, ; Ren Zhao,
| | - Ren Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Digestive surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaopin Ji, ; Xi Cheng, ; Ren Zhao,
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Rah B, Rather RA, Bhat GR, Baba AB, Mushtaq I, Farooq M, Yousuf T, Dar SB, Parveen S, Hassan R, Mohammad F, Qassim I, Bhat A, Ali S, Zargar MH, Afroze D. JAK/STAT Signaling: Molecular Targets, Therapeutic Opportunities, and Limitations of Targeted Inhibitions in Solid Malignancies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:821344. [PMID: 35401182 PMCID: PMC8987160 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.821344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
JAK/STAT signaling pathway is one of the important regulatory signaling cascades for the myriad of cellular processes initiated by various types of ligands such as growth factors, hormones, and cytokines. The physiological processes regulated by JAK/STAT signaling are immune regulation, cell proliferation, cell survival, apoptosis and hematopoiesis of myeloid and non-myeloid cells. Dysregulation of JAK/STAT signaling is reported in various immunological disorders, hematological and other solid malignancies through various oncogenic activation mutations in receptors, downstream mediators, and associated transcriptional factors such as STATs. STATs typically have a dual role when explored in the context of cancer. While several members of the STAT family are involved in malignancies, however, a few members which include STAT3 and STAT5 are linked to tumor initiation and progression. Other STAT members such as STAT1 and STAT2 are pivotal for antitumor defense and maintenance of an effective and long-term immune response through evolutionarily conserved programs. The effects of JAK/STAT signaling and the persistent activation of STATs in tumor cell survival; proliferation and invasion have made the JAK/STAT pathway an ideal target for drug development and cancer therapy. Therefore, understanding the intricate JAK/STAT signaling in the pathogenesis of solid malignancies needs extensive research. A better understanding of the functionally redundant roles of JAKs and STATs may provide a rationale for improving existing cancer therapies which have deleterious effects on normal cells and to identifying novel targets for therapeutic intervention in solid malignancies.
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Liu C, Yu H, Hou YH, Gao ZL, Zhang YJ. Clinical efficacy evaluation of Erlotinib Combined with Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced Pancreatic Cancer. Pak J Med Sci 2022; 38:118-122. [PMID: 35035411 PMCID: PMC8713205 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.38.1.4150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the clinical effects of erlotinib combined with concurrent chemoradiotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Methods Eighty patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer who attended Shijiazhuang People's Hospital or Anhui Cancer Hospital between January 2018 and January 2020 were randomly divided into two groups, with 40 cases in each group. Patients in the control group were treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy, while those in the experimental group were treated with erlotinib tablets based on the treatment regimen of the control group. Anti-tumor efficacy evaluation was conducted for all patients in both groups, and the adverse drug reactions, improvement of performance status after treatment were compared and analyzed between the two groups. Results The overall response rate of the experimental group was 47.5%, which was significantly better than the 25% of the control group (p=0.03). The incidence of adverse drug reactions in the experimental group was 40%, while that in the control group was 30%. The incidence of adverse drug reactions in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group, but there was no statistical significance (p=0.34). Moreover, the improvement rate of performance status score in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (p=0.00). Conclusion Erlotinib combined with concurrent chemoradiotherapy has been preliminarily proved to be safe and effective in the treatment of locally advanced pancreatic cancer, which can improve the physical condition of patients to a certain extent without significantly increasing adverse reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ci Liu
- Ci Liu, Department of Internal Medicine, Beijing Water Resources Hospital, Beijing, 100036, China
| | - Haobin Yu
- Haobin Yu, Dept. of Cancer Nutrition & Metabolic Therapy, No.3 Ward of Oncology, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital, West Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences & Medicine, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230001, Anhui P.R. China
| | - Yue-Hong Hou
- Yue-hong Hou, Department of Oncology, Shijiazhuang First Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Zhen-Lin Gao
- Zhen-lin Gao, Department of Oncology, Shijiazhuang First Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Ya-Jing Zhang
- Ya-jing Zhang, Department of Oncology, Shijiazhuang First Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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Yang WW, Yang L, Lu HZ, Sun YK. Long-term survival of a patient with pancreatic cancer and lung metastasis: A case report and review of literature. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:9134-9143. [PMID: 34786397 PMCID: PMC8567503 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i30.9134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death, given its poor prognosis and the limited benefits of traditional therapies. As tumors become more genetically disorganized as they progress, genetic mutations might become new markers for us to predict their behavior. Nowadays, many inhibitors can selectively target gene products as a form of targeted therapy, with some showing promise as treatment for various types of cancer.
CASE SUMMARY We describe a rare case of a PC patient with long-term survival of more than 8 yr. The patient was diagnosed with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) with BAP1 and PIK3CA gene mutations and Raf1 fusion and achieved partial response twice after treatment with apatinib in combination with chemotherapy.
CONCLUSION BAP1, PIK3CA mutations, and Raf1 fusion are rare in PDAC. Patients with these three gene alterations of PDAC may achieve long-term survival with apatinib. Further research in other contexts is needed to determine whether apatinib has ideal efficacy for PC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wei Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Hai-Zhen Lu
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yong-Kun Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
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Apatinib suppresses lung cancer stem-like cells by complex interplay between β-catenin signaling and mitochondrial ROS accumulation. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:102. [PMID: 33980809 PMCID: PMC8115647 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00480-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The abnormal activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays a critical role in the development of lung cancer, which is also important in the generation and maintenance of lung cancer stem cell (CSC). CSCs have unique capabilities to resist anticancer therapy, seed recurrent tumors, and disseminate to and colonize distant tissues. Apatinib, a small-molecule VEGFR2-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, shows highly efficient antitumor activity in heavily treated, chemoresistant, and metastatic lung cancer. We speculated that inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and targeting lung CSCs could be one of the anti-tumor mechanisms of apatinib. In the present study we demonstrated that apatinib repressed lung CSC-like traits by hindering sphere formation ability, lung CSC-related marker expression and decreasing chemoresistance derived stemness. Mechanistically, apatinib exerted its anti-CSC effects by inhibiting β-catenin and its downstream targets. Moreover, apatinib induced the production of reactive oxyen species (ROS), which participated in the inhibitory effects of apatinib on lung CSCs. It was found that β-catenin regulated apatinib-induced production of ROS. Inhibition or promotion of ROS production with N-acetyl-L-cysteine or H2O2 not only upregulated or downregulated β-catenin expression, but also prevented or promoted DNA damage, rescued or impeded sphere formation, respectively. Collectively, our findings reveal that apatinib directly inhibits β-catenin signaling and promotes ROS generation to suppress lung CSC-like characteristics. A clearer understanding of the anti-cancer mechanisms of apatinib is required for its better application in combating advanced and refractory/recurrent lung cancer when combined with conventional chemotherapy.
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Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the deadliest malignancies. The high mortality rate of PC largely results from delayed diagnosis and early metastasis. Therefore, identifying novel treatment targets for patients with PC is urgently required to improve survival rates. A major barrier to successful treatment of PC is the presence of a hypoxic tumor microenvironment, which is associated with poor prognosis, treatment resistance, increased invasion and metastasis. Recent studies have identified a number of novel molecules and pathways in PC cells that promote cancer cells progression under hypoxic conditions, which may provide new therapy strategies to inhibit the development and metastasis of PC. This review summarizes the latest research of hypoxia in PC and provides an overview of how the current therapies have the capacity to overcome hypoxia and improve PC patient treatment. These findings will eventually provide guidance for future PC management and clinical trials and hopefully improve the survival of patients with PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jiangdong Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Lianfang Zheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Taiping Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.,Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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Zhang XH, Cao MQ, Li XX, Zhang T. Apatinib as an alternative therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Hepatol 2020; 12:766-774. [PMID: 33200015 PMCID: PMC7643208 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v12.i10.766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays an important role in the occurrence and development of tumors. Registered tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting vascular endothelial growth factor reduce angiogenesis. Apatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, can specifically inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, showing encouraging anti-tumor effects in a variety of tumors including advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This article intends to review the clinical research and application prospects of apatinib in the field of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Hao Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Man-Qing Cao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Xiu-Xiu Li
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300060, China
- Digestive Department, Shanxi Province Tumor Hospital, Taiyuan 030013, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Ti Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300060, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
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Apatinib, a Novel Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, Promotes ROS-Dependent Apoptosis and Autophagy via the Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway in Ovarian Cancer Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:3145182. [PMID: 32509141 PMCID: PMC7244982 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3145182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Apatinib, a new-generation oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) signaling pathway, shows favorable therapeutic effects in various malignant tumors. However, its effect on ovarian cancer has not yet been characterized. Here, we demonstrated that apatinib inhibited ovarian cancer cell growth and migration in a concentration-dependent manner. Further, we found that apatinib could directly act on tumor cells and promote ROS-dependent apoptosis and autophagy. Mechanistically, we showed that apatinib suppressed glutathione to generate ROS via the downregulation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) pathway and maintained an antitumor effect at a low level of VEGFR2 in ovarian cancer, suggesting that combination of apatinib with Nrf2 inhibitor may be a promising therapy strategy for patients with ovarian cancer.
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Fathi Maroufi N, Rashidi MR, Vahedian V, Akbarzadeh M, Fattahi A, Nouri M. Therapeutic potentials of Apatinib in cancer treatment: Possible mechanisms and clinical relevance. Life Sci 2020; 241:117106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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