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An Overview towards Zebrafish Larvae as a Model for Ocular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065387. [PMID: 36982479 PMCID: PMC10048880 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the obvious morphological differences in the visual system, zebrafish share a similar architecture and components of the same embryonic origin as humans. The zebrafish retina has the same layered structure and cell types with similar metabolic and phototransduction support as humans, and is functional 72 h after fertilization, allowing tests of visual function to be performed. The zebrafish genomic database supports genetic mapping studies as well as gene editing, both of which are useful in the ophthalmological field. It is possible to model ocular disorders in zebrafish, as well as inherited retinal diseases or congenital or acquired malformations. Several approaches allow the evaluation of local pathological processes derived from systemic disorders, such as chemical exposure to produce retinal hypoxia or glucose exposure to produce hyperglycemia, mimicking retinopathy of prematurity or diabetic retinopathy, respectively. The pathogenesis of ocular infections, autoimmune diseases, or aging can also be assessed in zebrafish larvae, and the preserved cellular and molecular immune mechanisms can be assessed. Finally, the zebrafish model for the study of the pathologies of the visual system complements certain deficiencies in experimental models of mammals since the regeneration of the zebrafish retina is a valuable tool for the study of degenerative processes and the discovery of new drugs and therapies.
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Miri ST, Sotoodehnejadnematalahi F, Amiri MM, Pourshafie MR, Rohani M. The impact of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium probiotic cocktail on modulation of gene expression of gap junctions dysregulated by intestinal pathogens. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:417. [PMID: 35737111 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03026-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics are special bacterial strains with strain specific impacts. They can affect health condition in intestine by producing organic acid, competing with pathogens and maintaining cells homeostasis. Regarding to importance of cell junctions in cells transportation and the influence of pathogens in their functions which lead to inflammation, the impact of probiotic strains comprised of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains on two important members of gap junctions (Cx26 and Cx43) were assayed. The expressions of cell junction genes in contact with probiotic cocktail along with pathogenic components of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium on HT-29 cell line in different treatment orders were evaluated. Results analysis demonstrated downregulation of cx26 and cx43 along with pathogenic components while, probiotic cocktail could modulate their expression by upregulation. We concluded that Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains were efficient probiotics, when they were used as one cocktail, impacted grater amount on the expression of cell junctions and this might lead to modulate homeostasis and reveal inflammation symptoms in intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Tina Miri
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Mehdi Amiri
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Pourshafie
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, No. 358, 12th Farvardin Ave, Jomhhoori St, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahdi Rohani
- Department of Bacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, No. 358, 12th Farvardin Ave, Jomhhoori St, Tehran, Iran.
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Song Y, Li S, He C. PPARγ Gene Polymorphisms, Metabolic Disorders, and Coronary Artery Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:808929. [PMID: 35402540 PMCID: PMC8984027 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.808929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Being activated by endogenous and exogenous ligands, nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) enhances insulin sensitivity, promotes adipocyte differentiation, stimulates adipogenesis, and has the properties of anti-atherosclerosis, anti-inflammation, and anti-oxidation. The Human PPARγ gene (PPARG) contains thousands of polymorphic loci, among them two polymorphisms (rs10865710 and rs7649970) in the promoter region and two polymorphisms (rs1801282 and rs3856806) in the exonic region were widely reported to be significantly associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). Mechanistically, PPARG polymorphisms lead to abnormal expression of PPARG gene and/or dysfunction of PPARγ protein, causing metabolic disorders such as hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia, and thereby increasing susceptibility to CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyan Song
- Central Laboratory, Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shujin Li
- Central Laboratory, Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Chuan He,
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Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels and is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. It is treated with various classes of oral antidiabetic drugs, however, response to treatment is highly variable with patients failing to achieve adequate glycemic control. Treatment response variability has been associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) which influence the pharma-cokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drug(s). The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic association of 17 SNPs and the response to metformin therapy in patients diagnosed with diabetes from the indigenous Nguni population of South Africa. One hundred and forty indigenous African patients diagnosed with T2DM were recruited and genotyped using the MassARRAY® system. Therapeutic response of patients was ascertained by a change in Hb A1c. Two SNPs (rs1801282 and rs6265) were monomorphic. All other variants were within the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). The T allele of the SLC variant rs316009 [odds ratio (OR) = 0.25, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.01-0.09, p value = 0.044] and the CT genotype of the PCK1 variant rs4810083 (OR = 2.80, 95% CI = 1.01-7.79, p value = 0.049) were associated with an improved response to treatment after adjustment. No association was observed with post Bonferroni correction. Moreover, this study provides important additional data regarding possible associations between genetic variants and metformin therapy outcomes. In addition, this is one of the first studies providing genetic data from the understudied indigenous sub-Saharan African populations.
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Zhang YH, Guo W, Zeng T, Zhang S, Chen L, Gamarra M, Mansour RF, Escorcia-Gutierrez J, Huang T, Cai YD. Identification of Microbiota Biomarkers With Orthologous Gene Annotation for Type 2 Diabetes. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:711244. [PMID: 34305880 PMCID: PMC8299781 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.711244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a systematic chronic metabolic condition with abnormal sugar metabolism dysfunction, and its complications are the most harmful to human beings and may be life-threatening after long-term durations. Considering the high incidence and severity at late stage, researchers have been focusing on the identification of specific biomarkers and potential drug targets for T2D at the genomic, epigenomic, and transcriptomic levels. Microbes participate in the pathogenesis of multiple metabolic diseases including diabetes. However, the related studies are still non-systematic and lack the functional exploration on identified microbes. To fill this gap between gut microbiome and diabetes study, we first introduced eggNOG database and KEGG ORTHOLOGY (KO) database for orthologous (protein/gene) annotation of microbiota. Two datasets with these annotations were employed, which were analyzed by multiple machine-learning models for identifying significant microbiota biomarkers of T2D. The powerful feature selection method, Max-Relevance and Min-Redundancy (mRMR), was first applied to the datasets, resulting in a feature list for each dataset. Then, the list was fed into the incremental feature selection (IFS), incorporating support vector machine (SVM) as the classification algorithm, to extract essential annotations and build efficient classifiers. This study not only revealed potential pathological factors for diabetes at the microbiome level but also provided us new candidates for drug development against diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Bio-Med Big Data Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - ShiQi Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China
| | - Margarita Gamarra
- Department of Computational Science and Electronic, Universidad de la Costa, CUC, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Romany F Mansour
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, New Valley University, El-Kharga, Egypt
| | - José Escorcia-Gutierrez
- Electronic and Telecommunications Engineering Program, Universidad Autónoma del Caribe, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Tao Huang
- Bio-Med Big Data Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Dong Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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Upregulated PPARG2 facilitates interaction with demethylated AKAP12 gene promoter and suppresses proliferation in prostate cancer. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:528. [PMID: 34023860 PMCID: PMC8141057 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03820-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCA) is one of the most common male genitourinary tumors. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the occurrence and progression of PCA have not been fully clarified. The present study aimed to investigate the biological function and molecular mechanism of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 (PPARG2) in PCA. Our results revealed that PPARG2 was downregulated in PCA, and overexpression of PPARG2 inhibited cell migration, colony formation, invasion and induced cell cycle arrest of PCA cells in vitro. In addition, PPARG2 overexpression modulated the activation of the Akt signaling pathway, as well as inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Moreover, mechanistic analysis revealed that PPARG2 overexpression induced increased expression level of miR-200b-3p, which targeted 3′ UTR of the downstream targets DNMT3A/3B, and facilitated interaction with demethylated AKAP12 gene promoter and suppressed cell proliferation in PCA. Our findings provided the first evidence for a novel PPARG2-AKAP12 axis mediated epigenetic regulatory network. The study identified a molecular mechanism involving an epigenetic modification that could be possibly targeted as an antitumoral strategy against prostate cancer.
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Zhou Y. The Protective Effects of Cryptochlorogenic Acid on β-Cells Function in Diabetes in vivo and vitro via Inhibition of Ferroptosis. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:1921-1931. [PMID: 32606852 PMCID: PMC7294720 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s249382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Mulberry leaf extract has exerted better antidiabetic activities, while the effects of major active components in mulberry leaf extract are still unclear. Cryptochlorogenic acid (CCA) as the major active component in mulberry leaf extracts was investigated herein. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were treated with 50mg/kg streptozotocin for the establishment of diabetic model in vivo, and cells were treated with 33.3 mM glucose for the establishment of cell model in vitro. HE staining assay was performed for observation of pancreatic pathology and aldehyde fuchsin staining assay for examining islet cell numbers. The iron content was detected via Perls staining assay with iron assay kit (ab83366). The malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) were detected by corresponding kits. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed for assessment of gene level and Western blot for measurement of protein expression level. The cell survival was detected via CCK-8 assay. RESULTS The blood glucose level, iron content, accumulation of lipid peroxides and islet injury in diabetic model were all improved by CCA via a concentration-dependent manner. CCA functions via inhibition of ferroptosis by activation of cystine/glutamate transporter system (XC-)/glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4)/Nrf2 and inhibition of nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4) in diabetes. CONCLUSION CCA exerted excellent antidiabetic effects via inhibition of ferroptosis, so it may be a promising agent for diabetes therapy, providing a new avenue for diabetes treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiamen Hospital, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Xiamen, Fujian361008, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yi Zhou Department of Endocrinology, Xiamen Hospital, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), 1739, Xianyue Road, Huli District, Xiamen City, Fujian Province, People’s Republic of China Email
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