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Lv N, Ni J, Fang S, Liu Y, Wan S, Sun C, Li J, Zhou A. Potential Convergence to Accommodate Pathogenicity Determinants and Antibiotic Resistance Revealed in Salmonella Mbandaka. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1667. [PMID: 39203510 PMCID: PMC11357217 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12081667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Salmonella species are causal pathogens instrumental in human food-borne diseases. The pandemic survey related to multidrug resistant (MDR) Salmonella genomics enables the prevention and control of their dissemination. Currently, serotype Mbandaka is notorious as a multiple host-adapted non-typhoid Salmonella. However, its epidemic and MDR properties are still obscure, especially its genetic determinants accounting for virulence and MD resistance. Here, we aim to characterize the genetic features of a strain SMEH pertaining to Salmonella Mbandaka (S. Mbandaka), isolated from the patient's hydropericardium, using cell infections, a mouse model, antibiotic susceptibility test and comparative genomics. The antibiotic susceptibility testing showed that it could tolerate four antibiotics, including chloramphenicol, tetracycline, fisiopen and doxycycline by Kirby-Bauer (K-B) testing interpreted according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Both the reproducibility in RAW 264.7 macrophages and invasion ability to infect HeLa cells with strain SMEH were higher than those of S. Typhimurium strain 14028S. In contrast, its attenuated virulence was determined in the survival assay using a mouse model. As a result, the candidate genetic determinants responsible for antimicrobial resistance, colonization/adaptability and their transferability were comparatively investigated, such as bacterial secretion systems and pathogenicity islands (SPI-1, SPI-2 and SPI-6). Moreover, collective efforts were made to reveal a potential role of the plasmid architectures in S. Mbandaka as the genetic reservoir to transfer or accommodate drug-resistance genes. Our findings highlight the essentiality of antibiotic resistance and risk assessment in S. Mbandaka. In addition, genomic surveillance is an efficient method to detect pathogens and monitor drug resistance. The genetic determinants accounting for virulence and antimicrobial resistance underscore the increasing clinical challenge of emerging MDR Mbandaka isolates, and provide insights into their prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Lv
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (N.L.); (S.F.); (S.W.); (C.S.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200123, China
| | - Jinjing Ni
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China;
| | - Shiqi Fang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (N.L.); (S.F.); (S.W.); (C.S.)
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China;
| | - Shuang Wan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (N.L.); (S.F.); (S.W.); (C.S.)
| | - Chao Sun
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (N.L.); (S.F.); (S.W.); (C.S.)
| | - Jun Li
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (N.L.); (S.F.); (S.W.); (C.S.)
| | - Aiping Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200123, China
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van Kruijsbergen BWA, Spiegelenberg JP, van Lieshout M, Heuvelmans M. Non-typhoidal Salmonella enteritidis prosthetic valve endocarditis. BMJ Case Rep 2023; 16:e256540. [PMID: 38011951 PMCID: PMC10685981 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2023-256540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this case, we present a rare cause of prosthetic valve endocarditis. A man in his 80s presented to the emergency department with fever and diarrhoea. The patient underwent a transcatheter aortic valve replacement 17 years earlier. A negative PCR result in faeces for Salmonella and positive blood cultures with Salmonella gave rise to the suspicion of an intravascular Salmonella infection, which was confirmed with a positron emission tomography. Due to the low prevalence of Salmonella endocarditis, there is no consensus on the most effective treatment. Guidelines recommend early surgery and long-term antimicrobial treatment in endocarditis with Gram-negative bacteria. In this case, surgery was not deemed feasible given the patient his advanced age and multiple comorbidities. Despite treatment with intravenous antibiotics, the patient succumbed to progression of endocarditis 37 days after admission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maarten van Lieshout
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Ziekenhuis Rivierenland, Tiel, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Heuvelmans
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Ziekenhuis Rivierenland, Tiel, The Netherlands
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Yanagimoto K, Yamagami T, Uematsu K, Haramoto E. Characterization of Salmonella Isolates from Wastewater Treatment Plant Influents to Estimate Unreported Cases and Infection Sources of Salmonellosis. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9010052. [PMID: 31936747 PMCID: PMC7168602 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is a major cause of gastroenteritis usually caused by animal-based contaminated foods. Since the current passive surveillance is not sufficient to detect all infections and infection sources, we determined the prevalence of Salmonella isolated from sewage influent of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and compared the characteristics of human and food isolates to identify the infection sources. Sewage influent samples were collected monthly from two WWTPs located in the Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan, for three years. Serotypes, antimicrobial resistances, isolation periods, isolated areas, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns of six isolates belonging to five serotypes were consistent with those of the isolates from patients. Real-time PCR for Salmonella indicated that sewage influents reflect cases of patients infected with Salmonella, including unreported cases. Serovars Schwarzengrund and Anatum were predominant in sewage, but not in humans, and their characteristics were closely related or identical to those isolated from poultry heart and liver, respectively. These results suggest that sewage influent contains Salmonella isolates from humans and that some originated from unreported human cases infected by poultry-associated products. Therefore, it is necessary to take countermeasures against Salmonella infection based on the unreported cases, which would be disclosed by analysis of sewage influent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Yanagimoto
- Department of Microbiology, Yamanashi Institute of Public Health and Environment, 1-7-31 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-0027, Japan; (K.Y.); (T.Y.); (K.U.)
- Environmental and Social System Science Course, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8511, Japan
| | - Takaya Yamagami
- Department of Microbiology, Yamanashi Institute of Public Health and Environment, 1-7-31 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-0027, Japan; (K.Y.); (T.Y.); (K.U.)
| | - Kosei Uematsu
- Department of Microbiology, Yamanashi Institute of Public Health and Environment, 1-7-31 Fujimi, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-0027, Japan; (K.Y.); (T.Y.); (K.U.)
| | - Eiji Haramoto
- Interdisciplinary Center for River Basin Environment, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8511, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-55-220-8725
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