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Zuardi LR, de Oliveira FS, Fernandes RR, Gomes MPO, Spriano S, Nanci A, de Oliveira PT. Effects of rmBMP-7 on Osteoblastic Cells Grown on a Nanostructured Titanium Surface. Biomimetics (Basel) 2022; 7:biomimetics7030136. [PMID: 36134940 PMCID: PMC9496167 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics7030136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates the effects of the availability of exogenous BMP-7 on osteoblastic cells’ differentiation on a nanotextured Ti surface obtained by chemical etching (Nano-Ti). The MC3T3-E1 and UMR-106 osteoblastic cell lines were cultured for 5 and 7 days, respectively, on a Nano-Ti surface and on a control surface (Control-Ti) in an osteogenic medium supplemented with either 40 or 200 ng/mL recombinant mouse (rm) BMP-7. The results showed that MC3T3-E1 cells exhibited distinct responsiveness when exposed to each of the two rmBMP-7 concentrations, irrespective of the surface. Even with 40 ng/mL rmBMP-7, important osteogenic effects were noticed for Control-Ti in terms of cell proliferation potential; Runx2, Osx, Alp, Bsp, Opn, and Smad1 mRNA expression; and in situ ALP activity. For Nano-Ti, the effects were limited to higher Alp, Bsp, and Opn mRNA expression and in situ ALP activity. On both surfaces, the osteogenic potential of UMR-106 cultures remained unaltered with 40 ng/mL rmBMP-7, but it was significantly reduced when the cultures were exposed to the 200 ng/mL concentration. The availability of rmBMP-7 to pre-osteoblastic cells at the concentrations used alters the expression profile of osteoblast markers, indicative of the acquisition of a more advanced stage of osteoblastic differentiation. This occurs less pronouncedly on the nanotextured Ti and without reflecting in higher mineralized matrix production by differentiated osteoblasts on both surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Raphael Zuardi
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Singaretti de Oliveira
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil
| | - Roger Rodrigo Fernandes
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Paula Oliveira Gomes
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvia Spriano
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Antonio Nanci
- Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Paulo Tambasco de Oliveira
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-16-99623-3663
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Chen B, Liang Y, Song Y, Liang Y, Jiao J, Bai H, Li Y. Photothermal-Controlled Release of IL-4 in IL-4/PDA-Immobilized Black Titanium Dioxide (TiO 2) Nanotubes Surface to Enhance Osseointegration: An In Vivo Study. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:5962. [PMID: 36079344 PMCID: PMC9457063 DOI: 10.3390/ma15175962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Host immune response has gradually been accepted as a critical factor in achieving successful implant osseointegration. The aim of this study is to create a favorable immune microenvironment by the dominant release of IL-4 during the initial few days after implant insertion to mitigate early inflammatory reactions and facilitate osseointegration. Herein, the B-TNT/PDA/IL-4 substrate was established by immobilizing an interleukin-4 (IL-4)/polydopamine (PDA) coating on a black TiO2 nanotube (B-TNT) surface, achieving on-demand IL-4 release under near infrared (NIR) irradiation. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analyses based on high-throughput DNA microarray data revealed that IL-4 addition inhibited osteoclast differentiation and function. Animal experiment results suggested that the B-TNT/PDA/IL-4+Laser substrate induced the least inflammatory, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, inducible nitric oxide synthase and the most CD163 positive cells, compared to the Ti group at 7 days post-implantation. In addition, 28 days post-implantation, micro-computed tomography results showed the highest bone volume/total volume, trabecular thickness, trabecular number and the lowest trabecular separation, while Hematoxylin-eosin and Masson-trichrome staining revealed the largest amount of new bone formation for the B-TNT/PDA/IL-4+Laser group. This study revealed the osteoimmunoregulatory function of the novel B-TNT/PDA/IL-4 surface by photothermal release of IL-4 at an early period post-implantation, thus paving a new way for dental implant surface modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- School of Dentistry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yu Liang
- School of Dentistry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yunjia Song
- School of Dentistry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yunkai Liang
- School of Dentistry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jian Jiao
- School of Dentistry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Hong Bai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology and Key Laboratory of the Educational Ministry of China, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Ying Li
- School of Dentistry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
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3
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Kuźmicz-Mirosław E, Kuśmierz M, Terpiłowski K, Śmietana M, Barczak M, Staniszewska M. Effect of Various Surface Treatments on Wettability and Morphological Properties of Titanium Oxide Thin Films. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15124113. [PMID: 35744176 PMCID: PMC9227497 DOI: 10.3390/ma15124113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The effect of three popular surface activation methods for a titanium oxide (titania) surface was thoroughly investigated to identify the most effective protocol for the enhancement of hydrophilicity. All the methods, namely H2O2 activation, UV irradiation and oxygen plasma treatment resulted in an enhanced hydrophilic titania surface, which was evidenced by the reduced contact angle values. To study in detail the chemical and morphological features responsible for the increased hydrophilicity, the treated surfaces were submitted to inspection with atomic force microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The correlation between the treatment and titania surface hydroxylation as well as hydrophilic behavior have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcin Kuśmierz
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Maria Curie-Sklodowska Sq. 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland; (M.K.); (K.T.)
| | - Konrad Terpiłowski
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Maria Curie-Sklodowska Sq. 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland; (M.K.); (K.T.)
| | - Mateusz Śmietana
- Institute of Microelectronics and Optoelectronics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warszawa, Poland;
| | - Mariusz Barczak
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Maria Curie-Sklodowska Sq. 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland; (M.K.); (K.T.)
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (M.S.); Tel.: +48-81-537-79-92 (M.B.); +48-81-501-94-63 (M.S.)
| | - Magdalena Staniszewska
- SDS Optic S.A. Głęboka 39, 20-612 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (M.S.); Tel.: +48-81-537-79-92 (M.B.); +48-81-501-94-63 (M.S.)
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4
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Migliorini F, Eschweiler J, Maffulli N, Hildebrand F, Schenker H. Functionalised High-Performance Oxide Ceramics with Bone Morphogenic Protein 2 (BMP-2) Induced Ossification: An In Vivo Study. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12060866. [PMID: 35743897 PMCID: PMC9227568 DOI: 10.3390/life12060866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the in vivo osseointegration potential of high-performance oxide ceramics (HPOCs) with peptide bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP-2), comparing them with titanium implants. Histomorphometry was conducted around the distal, proximal, medial, and lateral sides of the implants to quantify the amount of mature and immature ossification within the bone interface. We hypothesised that HPOCs functionalised with BMP-2 promote ossification. HPOCs functionalised with BMP-2 were manufactured at the Department of Dental Materials Science and Biomaterial Research of the RWTH University Aachen, Germany. Histomorphometry was conducted by a professional pathologist in all samples. The region of interest (ROI) represented the percentage of the surrounding area of the implant. The percentages of ROI covered by osteoid implant contact (OIC) and mature bone−implant contact (BIC) were assessed. The surrounding presence of bone resorption, necrosis, and/or inflammation was quantitatively investigated. A total of 36 rabbits were used for the experiments. No bone resorption, necrosis, or inflammation was found in any sample. At the 12-week follow-up, the overall BIC was significantly increased (p < 0.0001). No improvement was evidenced in OIC (p = 0.6). At the 6-week follow-up, the overall OIC was greater in the BMP-2 compared to the titanium group (p = 0.002). The other endpoints of interest evidenced similarity between the two implants at various follow-up time points (p > 0.05). In conclusion, alumina HPOCs functionalised with peptide BMP-2 promote in vivo ossification in a similar fashion to titanium implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Migliorini
- Department of Orthopaedic, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (F.M.); (J.E.); (F.H.); (H.S.)
| | - Jörg Eschweiler
- Department of Orthopaedic, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (F.M.); (J.E.); (F.H.); (H.S.)
| | - Nicola Maffulli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Faculty of Medicine, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 7QB, UK
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Mile End Hospital, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4DG, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Frank Hildebrand
- Department of Orthopaedic, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (F.M.); (J.E.); (F.H.); (H.S.)
| | - Hanno Schenker
- Department of Orthopaedic, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (F.M.); (J.E.); (F.H.); (H.S.)
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5
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Sheng X, Wang A, Wang Z, Liu H, Wang J, Li C. Advanced Surface Modification for 3D-Printed Titanium Alloy Implant Interface Functionalization. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:850110. [PMID: 35299643 PMCID: PMC8921557 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.850110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
With the development of three-dimensional (3D) printed technology, 3D printed alloy implants, especially titanium alloy, play a critical role in biomedical fields such as orthopedics and dentistry. However, untreated titanium alloy implants always possess a bioinert surface that prevents the interface osseointegration, which is necessary to perform surface modification to enhance its biological functions. In this article, we discuss the principles and processes of chemical, physical, and biological surface modification technologies on 3D printed titanium alloy implants in detail. Furthermore, the challenges on antibacterial, osteogenesis, and mechanical properties of 3D-printed titanium alloy implants by surface modification are summarized. Future research studies, including the combination of multiple modification technologies or the coordination of the structure and composition of the composite coating are also present. This review provides leading-edge functionalization strategies of the 3D printed titanium alloy implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Sheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhonghan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Orthopaedic Research Institute of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - He Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Orthopaedic Research Institute of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Orthopaedic Research Institute of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Orthopaedic Research Institute of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Chen Li,
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6
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Pearson JJ, Temenoff JS. Growth Factor Immobilization Strategies for Musculoskeletal Disorders. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2022; 20:13-25. [PMID: 35118607 PMCID: PMC10772941 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-022-00718-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Tissue regenerative solutions for musculoskeletal disorders have become increasingly important with a growing aged population. Current growth factor treatments often require high dosages with the potential for off-target effects. Growth factor immobilization strategies offer approaches towards alleviating these concerns. This review summarizes current growth factor immobilization techniques (encapsulation, affinity interactions, and covalent binding) and the effects of immobilization on growth factor loading, release, and bioactivity. RECENT FINDINGS The breadth of immobilization techniques based on encapsulation, affinity, and covalent binding offer multiple methods to improve the therapeutic efficacy of growth factors by controlling bioactivity and release. Growth factor immobilization strategies have evolved to more complex systems with the capacity to load and release multiple growth factors with spatiotemporal control. The advancements in immobilization strategies allow for development of new, complex musculoskeletal tissue treatment strategies with improved spatiotemporal control of loading, release, and bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Pearson
- W.H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Johnna S Temenoff
- W.H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
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7
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Kim S, Chen JB, Clifford A. Tuning the Biointerface: Low-Temperature Surface Modification Strategies for Orthopedic Implants to Enhance Osteogenic and Antimicrobial Activity. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:6619-6629. [PMID: 35006965 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
As both the average life expectancy and incidence of bone tissue reconstruction increases, development of load-bearing implantable materials that simultaneously enhance osseointegration while preventing postoperative infection is crucial. To address this need, significant research efforts have been dedicated to developing surface modification strategies for metallic load-bearing implants and scaffolds. Despite the abundance of strategies reported, many address only one factor, for example, surface chemistry or topography. Furthermore, the incorporation of surface features to increase osteocompatibility can increase the probability of infection, by encouraging the formation of bacterial biofilms. To truly advance this field, research efforts must focus on developing multifunctional coatings that concurrently address these complex and competing requirements. In addition, particular emphasis should be placed on utilizing surface modification processes that are versatile, low cost, and scalable, for ease of translation to mass manufacturing and clinical use. The aim of this short Review is to highlight recent advances in scalable and multifunctional surface modification techniques that obtain a programmed response at the bone tissue/implant interface. Low-temperature approaches based on macromolecule immobilization, electrochemical techniques, and solution processes are discussed. Although the strategies discussed in this Review have not yet been approved for clinical use, they show great promise toward developing the next generation of ultra-long-lasting biomaterials for joint and bone tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeromi Kim
- Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jenise B Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts & Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Amanda Clifford
- Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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8
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Zhang Y, Hu L, Lin M, Cao S, Feng Y, Sun S. RhBMP-2-Loaded PLGA/Titanium Nanotube Delivery System Synergistically Enhances Osseointegration. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:16364-16372. [PMID: 34235307 PMCID: PMC8246472 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although Ti-based implants have been widely used, osseointegration failure can also be found between implants and the surrounding bone tissue, especially in aged patients or in patients with certain systemic diseases. Therefore, in this research, we establish a sustained rhBMP-2 delivery system on a titanium implant surface, an anodic oxidation TiO2 nanotube layer combined with the PLGA film, to enhance osseointegration. This designed system was characterized as follows: surface topography characterization by SEM and AFM; rhBMP-2 release; and the ability to influence MC3T3 cell adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation in vitro. Additionally, we evaluated the ability of this system to generate new bone around implants in rabbit tibias by the histological assay and removal torque test. SEM and AFM showed that PLGA membranes were formed on the surfaces of TiO2 nanotube arrays using 1, 3, and 10% PLGA solutions. The 3% PLGA group showed a perfect sustained release of rhBMP-2, lasting for 28 days. Meanwhile, the 3% PLGA group showed improved cell proliferation and osteogenic mRNA expression levels. In the in vivo experiments, the 3% PLGA group had the ability to promote osteogenesis in experimental animals. The anodized TiO2 nanotube coated with a certain thickness of the PLGA layer was an ideal and suitable rhBMP-2 carrier. This modified surface enhances osseointegration and could be useful in clinical dental implant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Zhang
- Department
of Stomatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital
Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
- Department
of Stomatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Lihua Hu
- Department
of Stomatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital
Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
- Department
of Stomatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Meng Lin
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong
University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Shujie Cao
- School
and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong
Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering
Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yiting Feng
- School
and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong
Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering
Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Shengjun Sun
- Department
of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College
of Medicine, Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration &
Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue
Regeneration, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
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9
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Chen Z, Wang Z, Qiu W, Fang F. Overview of Antibacterial Strategies of Dental Implant Materials for the Prevention of Peri-Implantitis. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:627-638. [PMID: 33779151 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
As dental implants have become one of the main treatment options for patients with tooth loss, the number of patients with peri-implant diseases has increased. Similar to periodontal diseases, peri-implant diseases have been associated with dental plaque formation on implants. Unconventional approaches have been reported to remove plaque from infected implants, but none of these methods can completely and permanently solve the problem of bacterial invasion. Fortunately, the constant development of antibacterial implant materials is a promising solution to this situation. In this review, the development and study of different antibacterial strategies for dental implant materials for the prevention of peri-implantitis are summarized. We hope that by highlighting the advantages and limitations of these antimicrobial strategies, we can assist in the continued development of oral implant materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehao Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, P.R. China
| | - Zhaodan Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, P.R. China
| | - Wei Qiu
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, P.R. China
| | - Fuchun Fang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, P.R. China
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10
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Synergistic Effect of rhBMP-2 Protein and Nanotextured Titanium Alloy Surface to Improve Osteogenic Implant Properties. METALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/met11030464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
One of the major limitations during titanium (Ti) implant osseointegration is the poor cellular interactions at the biointerface. In the present study, the combined effect of recombinant human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (rhBMP-2) and nanopatterned Ti6Al4V fabricated with Directed irradiation synthesis (DIS) is investigated in vitro. This environmentally-friendly plasma uses ions to create self-organized nanostructures on the surfaces. Nanocones (≈36.7 nm in DIS 80°) and thinner nanowalls (≈16.5 nm in DIS 60°) were fabricated depending on DIS incidence angle and observed via scanning electron microscopy. All samples have a similar crystalline structure and wettability, except for sandblasted/acid-etched (SLA) and acid-etched/anodized (Anodized) samples which are more hydrophilic. Biological results revealed that the viability and adhesion properties (vinculin expression and cell spreading) of DIS 80° with BMP-2 were similar to those polished with BMP-2, yet we observed more filopodia on DIS 80° (≈39 filopodia/cell) compared to the other samples (<30 filopodia/cell). BMP-2 increased alkaline phosphatase activity in all samples, tending to be higher in DIS 80°. Moreover, in the mineralization studies, DIS 80° with BMP-2 and Anodized with BMP-2 increased the formation of calcium deposits (>3.3 fold) compared to polished with BMP-2. Hence, this study shows there is a synergistic effect of BMP-2 and DIS surface modification in improving Ti biological properties which could be applied to Ti bone implants to treat bone disease.
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11
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Veronesi F, Torricelli P, Martini L, Tschon M, Giavaresi G, Bellini D, Casagranda V, Alemani F, Fini M. An alternative ex vivo method to evaluate the osseointegration of Ti-6Al-4V alloy also combined with collagen. Biomed Mater 2021; 16:025007. [PMID: 33445161 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/abdbda] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Due to the increasing number of orthopedic implantation surgery and advancements in biomaterial manufacturing, chemistry and topography, there is an increasing need of reliable and rapid methods for the preclinical investigation of osseointegration and bone ingrowth. Implant surface composition and topography increase osteogenicity, osteoinductivity, osteoconductivity and osseointegration of a prosthesis. Among the biomaterials used to manufacture an orthopedic prosthesis, titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) is the most used. Type I collagen (COLL I) induces cell function, adhesion, differentiation and bone extracellular matrix component secretion and it is reported to improve osseointegration if immobilized on the alloy surface. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the feasibility of an alternative ex vivo model, developed by culturing rabbit cortical bone segments with Ti-6Al-4V alloy cylinders (Ti-POR), fabricated through the process of electron beam melting (EBM), to evaluate osseointegration. In addition, a comparison was made with Ti-POR coated with COLL I (Ti-POR-COLL) to evaluate osseointegration in terms of bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and new bone formation (nBAr/TAr) at 30, 60 and 90 d of culture. After 30 and 60 d of culture, BIC and nBAr/TAr resulted significantly higher in Ti-POR-COLL implants than in Ti-POR. No differences have been found at 90 d of culture. With the developed model it was possible to distinguish the biomaterial properties and behavior. This study defined and confirmed for the first time the validity of the alternative ex vivo method to evaluate osseointegration and that COLL I improves osseointegration and bone growth of Ti-6Al-4V fabricated through EBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Veronesi
- Complex Structure of Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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12
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Li P, Gao Z, Tan Z, Xiao J, Wei L, Chen Y. New developments in anti-biofilm intervention towards effective management of orthopedic device related infections (ODRI's). BIOFOULING 2021; 37:1-35. [PMID: 33618584 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2020.1869725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Orthopedic device related infections (ODRI's) represent a difficult to treat situation owing to their biofilm based nature. Biofilm infections once established are difficult to eradicate even with an aggressive treatment regimen due to their recalcitrance towards antibiotics and immune attack. The involvement of antibiotic resistant pathogens as the etiological agent further worsens the overall clinical picture, pressing on the need to look into alternative treatment strategies. The present review highlightes the microbiological challenges associated with treatment of ODRI's due to biofilm formation on the implant surface. Further, it details the newer anti-infective modalities that work either by preventing biofilm formation and/or through effective disruption of the mature biofilms formed on the medical implant. The study, therefore aims to provide a comprehensive insight into the newer anti-biofilm interventions (non-antibiotic approaches) and a better understanding of their mechanism of action essential for improved management of orthopedic implant infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Ya'an People's Hospital, Yaan City, China
| | - Zhenwu Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan City, China
| | - Zhenwei Tan
- Department of Orthopedics, Western Theater Air Force Hospital of PLA, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Ya'an People's Hospital, Yaan City, China
| | - Li Wei
- Nursing Department, Three Gorges Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yirui Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Three Gorges Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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Ro HS, Park HJ, Seo YK. Fluorine-incorporated TiO 2 nanotopography enhances adhesion and differentiation through ERK/CREB pathway. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 109:1406-1417. [PMID: 33253478 PMCID: PMC8247403 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This study compared the topography of different titanium surface structures (TiO2 nanotube and grain) with similar elemental compositions (TiO2 and fluorine [F]) on the Ti surface. High magnification indicated that the surfaces of the control and etching groups were similar to each other in a flat, smooth form. The group anodized for 1 h was observed with TiO2 nanotubes organized very neatly and regularly. In the group anodized for 30 min after etching, uneven wave and nanopore structures were observed. In addition, MTT assay showed that the F of the surface did not adversely affect cell viability, and the initial cell adhesion was increased in the 2.8% F‐incorporated TiO2 nanograin. At the edge of adherent cells, filopodia were observed in spreading form on the surfaces of the anodizing and two‐step processing groups, and they were observed in a branch shape in the control and etching groups. Moreover, cell adhesion molecule and osteogenesis marker expression was increased at the F‐incorporated TiO2 nanostructure. In addition, it was found that the expression of p‐extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) and p‐cAMP response element‐binding protein (CREB) increased in the TiO2 nanograin with the nanopore surface compared to the micro rough and nanotube surfaces relative to the osteogenic‐related gene expression patterns. As a result, this study confirmed that the topographic structure of the surface is more affected by osteogenic differentiation than the pore size and that differentiation by specific surface composition components is by CREB. Thus, the synergy effect of osteogenic differentiation was confirmed by the simultaneous activation of CREB/ERK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyang-Seon Ro
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee-Jung Park
- Department of Medical Biotechnology (BK21 Plus team), Dongguk University, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Young-Kwon Seo
- Department of Medical Biotechnology (BK21 Plus team), Dongguk University, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
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14
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Bartkowiak A, Zarzycki A, Kac S, Perzanowski M, Marszalek M. Mechanical Properties of Different Nanopatterned TiO 2 Substrates and Their Effect on Hydrothermally Synthesized Bioactive Hydroxyapatite Coatings. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13225290. [PMID: 33238366 PMCID: PMC7700237 DOI: 10.3390/ma13225290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is a very attractive tool for tailoring the surface of an orthopedic implant to optimize its interaction with the biological environment. Nanostructured interfaces are promising, especially for orthopedic applications. They can not only improve osseointegration between the implant and the living bone but also may be used as drug delivery platforms. The nanoporous structure can be used as a drug carrier to the surrounding tissue, with the intention to accelerate tissue–implant integration as well as to reduce and treat bacterial infections occurring after implantation. Titanium oxide nanotubes are promising for such applications; however, their brittle nature could be a significantly limiting factor. In this work, we modified the topography of commercially used titanium foil by the anodization process and hydrothermal treatment. As a result, we obtained a crystalline nanoporous u-shaped structure (US) of anodized titanium oxide with improved resistance to scratch compared to TiO2 nanotubes. The US titanium substrate was successfully modified with hydroxyapatite coating and investigated for bioactivity. Results showed high bioactivity in simulated body fluid (SBF) after two weeks of incubation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Bartkowiak
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland; (A.Z.); (M.P.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Arkadiusz Zarzycki
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland; (A.Z.); (M.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Slawomir Kac
- Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Marcin Perzanowski
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland; (A.Z.); (M.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Marta Marszalek
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland; (A.Z.); (M.P.); (M.M.)
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15
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Arrabito G, Aleeva Y, Ferrara V, Prestopino G, Chiappara C, Pignataro B. On the Interaction between 1D Materials and Living Cells. J Funct Biomater 2020; 11:E40. [PMID: 32531950 PMCID: PMC7353490 DOI: 10.3390/jfb11020040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
One-dimensional (1D) materials allow for cutting-edge applications in biology, such as single-cell bioelectronics investigations, stimulation of the cellular membrane or the cytosol, cellular capture, tissue regeneration, antibacterial action, traction force investigation, and cellular lysis among others. The extraordinary development of this research field in the last ten years has been promoted by the possibility to engineer new classes of biointerfaces that integrate 1D materials as tools to trigger reconfigurable stimuli/probes at the sub-cellular resolution, mimicking the in vivo protein fibres organization of the extracellular matrix. After a brief overview of the theoretical models relevant for a quantitative description of the 1D material/cell interface, this work offers an unprecedented review of 1D nano- and microscale materials (inorganic, organic, biomolecular) explored so far in this vibrant research field, highlighting their emerging biological applications. The correlation between each 1D material chemistry and the resulting biological response is investigated, allowing to emphasize the advantages and the issues that each class presents. Finally, current challenges and future perspectives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Arrabito
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica—Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed.17, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Yana Aleeva
- INSTM UdR Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed.17, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (Y.A.); (C.C.)
| | - Vittorio Ferrara
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Prestopino
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via del Politecnico 1, I-00133 Roma, Italy;
| | - Clara Chiappara
- INSTM UdR Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed.17, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (Y.A.); (C.C.)
| | - Bruno Pignataro
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica—Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed.17, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
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Icariin/Aspirin Composite Coating on TiO2 Nanotubes Surface Induce Immunomodulatory Effect of Macrophage and Improve Osteoblast Activity. COATINGS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings10040427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Surface coating modification of titanium-based alloys is an efficient way to accelerate early osseointegration in dental implant fields. Icariin (ICA) is a traditional Chinese medicine that has bone activating functions, while aspirin (ASP) is a classical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with good antipyretic and analgesic capabilities. Moreover, poly(lactic–co–glycolic acid) (PLGA) has attracted great attention due to its excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. We superimposed an ASP/PLGA coating onto ICA loaded TiO2 nanotubes structure so as to establish an icariin/aspirin composite coating on TiO2 nanotubes surface. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, a contact angle test and a drug release test confirmed the successful preparation of the NT–ICA–ASP/PLGA substrate, with a sustained release pattern of both ICA and ASP. Compared to those cultured on the Ti surface, macrophage cells on the NT-ICA-ASP/PLGA substrate displayed decreased M1 proinflammatory and enhanced M2 proregenerative genes and proteins expression, which implied activated immunomodulatory effect. Moreover, when cultured with conditioned medium from macrophages, osteoblast cells on the NT-ICA-ASP/PLGA substrate revealed improved cell proliferation, adhesion and osteogenic genes and proteins expression, compared with those on the Ti surface. The abovementioned results suggest that the established NT-ICA-ASP/PLGA substrate is a promising candidate for functionalized coating material in Ti implant surface modification.
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Chen B, You Y, Ma A, Song Y, Jiao J, Song L, Shi E, Zhong X, Li Y, Li C. Zn-Incorporated TiO 2 Nanotube Surface Improves Osteogenesis Ability Through Influencing Immunomodulatory Function of Macrophages. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:2095-2118. [PMID: 32273705 PMCID: PMC7109325 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s244349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Zinc (Zn), an essential trace element in the body, has stable chemical properties, excellent osteogenic ability and moderate immunomodulatory property. In the present study, a Zn-incorporated TiO2 nanotube (TNT) was fabricated on titanium (Ti) implant material. We aimed to evaluate the influence of nano-scale topography and Zn on behaviors of murine RAW 264.7 macrophages. Moreover, the effects of Zn-incorporated TNT surface-regulated macrophages on the behaviors and osteogenic differentiation of murine MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts were also investigated. METHODS TNT coatings were firstly fabricated on a pure Ti surface using anodic oxidation, and then nano-scale Zn particles were incorporated onto TNTs by the hydrothermal method. Surface topography, chemical composition, roughness, hydrophilicity, Zn release pattern and protein adsorption ability of the Zn-incorporated TiO2 nanotube surface were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), surface profiler, contact angle test, Zn release test and protein adsorption test. The cell behaviors and both pro-inflammatory (M1) and pro-regenerative (M2) marker gene and protein levels in macrophages cultured on Zn-incorporated TNTs surfaces with different TNT diameters were detected. The supernatants of macrophages were extracted and preserved as conditioned medium (CM). Furthermore, the behaviors and osteogenic properties of osteoblasts cultured in CM on various surfaces were evaluated. RESULTS The release profile of Zn on Zn-incorporated TNT surfaces revealed a controlled release pattern. Macrophages cultured on Zn-incorporated TNT surfaces displayed enhanced gene and protein expression of M2 markers, and M1 markers were moderately inhibited, compared with the LPS group (the inflammation model). When cultured in CM, osteoblasts cultured on Zn-incorporated TNTs showed strengthened cell proliferation, adhesion, osteogenesis-related gene expression, alkaline phosphatase activity and extracellular mineralization, compared with their TNT counterparts and the Ti group. CONCLUSION This study suggests that the application of Zn-incorporated TNT surfaces may establish an osteogenic microenvironment and accelerate bone formation. It provided a promising strategy of Ti surface modification for a better applicable prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- School of Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yapeng You
- School of Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aobo Ma
- School of Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunjia Song
- School of Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Jiao
- Department of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liting Song
- School of Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Enyu Shi
- School of Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue Zhong
- School of Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- School of Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changyi Li
- School of Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
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