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Magagnoli J, Narendran S, Pereira F, Cummings TH, Hardin JW, Sutton SS, Ambati J. Association between Fluoxetine Use and Overall Survival among Patients with Cancer Treated with PD-1/L1 Immunotherapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16050640. [PMID: 37242422 DOI: 10.3390/ph16050640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Checkpoint inhibitors can be a highly effective antitumor therapy but only to a subset of patients, presumably due to immunotherapy resistance. Fluoxetine was recently revealed to inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome, and NLRP3 inhibition could serve as a target for immunotherapy resistance. Therefore, we evaluated the overall survival (OS) in patients with cancer receiving checkpoint inhibitors combined with fluoxetine. A cohort study was conducted among patients diagnosed with lung, throat (pharynx or larynx), skin, or kidney/urinary cancer treated with checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Utilizing the Veterans Affairs Informatics and Computing Infrastructure, patients were retrospectively evaluated during the period from October 2015 to June 2021. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS). Patients were followed until death or the end of the study period. There were 2316 patients evaluated, including 34 patients who were exposed to checkpoint inhibitors and fluoxetine. Propensity score weighted Cox proportional hazards demonstrated a better OS in fluoxetine-exposed patients than unexposed (HR: 0.59, 95% CI 0.371-0.936). This cohort study among cancer patients treated with checkpoint inhibitor therapy showed a significant improvement in the OS when fluoxetine was used. Because of this study's potential for selection bias, randomized trials are needed to assess the efficacy of the association of fluoxetine or another anti-NLRP3 drug to checkpoint inhibitor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Magagnoli
- Dorn Research Institute, Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Outcomes Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Siddharth Narendran
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Felipe Pereira
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Tammy H Cummings
- Dorn Research Institute, Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Outcomes Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - James W Hardin
- Dorn Research Institute, Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - S Scott Sutton
- Dorn Research Institute, Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Outcomes Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Jayakrishna Ambati
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
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3
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Chen L, Cai Z, Lyu K, Cai Z, Lei W. A novel immune-related long non-coding RNA signature improves the prognosis prediction in the context of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Bioengineered 2021; 12:2311-2325. [PMID: 34167440 PMCID: PMC8806432 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1943284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor immune microenvironment plays an important role in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Reliable prognostic signatures able to accurately predict the immune landscape and survival rate of HNSCC patients are crucial to ensure an individualized/effective treatment. Here, we used HNSCC transcriptomic and clinical data retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas and identified differentially expressed immune-related long non-coding RNAs (DEirlncRNAs). DEirlncRNA pairs were recognized using univariate analysis. Cox and Lasso regression analyses were used to determine the association between DEirlncRNA pairs and the patients’ overall survival and build the prediction model. Receiver operating characteristic curves and Kaplan–Meier survival curves were used to validate the prediction model. We then reevaluated the model based on the clinical factors, tumor-infiltrating immune cells, chemotherapeutic efficacy, and immunosuppression biomarkers. We built a risk score model based on 18 DEirlncRNA pairs, closely related to the overall survival of patients (hazard ratio: 1.376; 95% confidence interval: 1.302–1.453; P < 0.0001). Compared with two recently published lncRNA signatures, our DEirlncRNA pair signature had a higher area under the curve, indicating better prognostic performance. Additionally, the signature score positively correlated with aggressive HNSCC outcomes (low immunity score, significantly reduced CD8 + T cell infiltration, and low expression of immunosuppression biomarkers). However, high-risk patients might have high chemosensitivity. Overall, the lncRNAs signature established here shows promising clinical prediction and the effective disclosure of the tumor immune microenvironment in HNSCC patients; therefore, such signature might help distinguish patients that could benefit from immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Zhimou Cai
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Kexing Lyu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwei Cai
- Guangzhou Brain Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Wenbin Lei
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
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Brown JT, Liu Y, Shabto JM, Martini DJ, Ravindranathan D, Hitron EE, Russler GA, Caulfield S, Yantorni LB, Joshi SS, Kissick H, Ogan K, Harris WB, Carthon BC, Kucuk O, Master VA, Bilen MA. Baseline Modified Glasgow Prognostic Score Associated with Survival in Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Oncologist 2021; 26:397-405. [PMID: 33634507 DOI: 10.1002/onco.13727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The modified Glasgow prognostic score (mGPS), a clinical tool that incorporates albumin and C-reactive protein, has proven useful in the prognostication of multiple cancers. Several immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been approved for the treatment of metastatic urothelial cell carcinoma (mUC), but a prognostic biomarker is needed. We investigated the impact of mGPS on survival outcomes in patients with mUC receiving ICIs. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed patients with mUC treated with ICIs (programmed cell death protein 1 or programmed cell death ligand 1 inhibitors) at Winship Cancer Institute from 2015 to 2018. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were measured from the start date of ICI until death or clinical or radiographic progression, respectively. mGPS was defined as a summary score with one point given for C-reactive protein >10 mg/L and/or albumin <3.5 g/dL. Univariate (UVA) and multivariate (MVA) analyses were carried out using Cox proportional hazard model. These outcomes were also assessed by Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS A total of 53 patients were included with a median follow-up 27.1 months. The median age was 70 years, with 84.9% male and 20.8% Black. Baseline mGPS was 0 in 43.4%, 1 in 28.3% and 2 in 28.3%. Increased mGPS at the time of ICI initiation was associated with poorer OS and PFS in UVA, MVA, and Kaplan-Meier analyses. CONCLUSION The mGPS may be a useful prognostic tool in patients with mUC when treatment with ICI is under consideration. These results warrant a larger study for validation. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The ideal prognostic tool for use in a busy clinical practice is easy-to-use, cost-effective, and capable of accurately predicting clinical outcomes. There is currently no universally accepted risk score in metastatic urothelial cell carcinoma (mUC), particularly in the immunotherapy era. The modified Glasgow prognostic score (mGPS) incorporates albumin and C-reactive protein and may reflect underlying chronic inflammation, a known risk factor for resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). This study found that baseline mGPS is associated with survival outcomes in patients with mUC treated with ICIs and may help clinicians to prognosticate for their patients beginning immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline T Brown
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yuan Liu
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Julie M Shabto
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Dylan J Martini
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Deepak Ravindranathan
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Emilie Elise Hitron
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Greta Anne Russler
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sarah Caulfield
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lauren Beth Yantorni
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Shreyas S Joshi
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Haydn Kissick
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kenneth Ogan
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Wayne B Harris
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Bradley C Carthon
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Omer Kucuk
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Viraj A Master
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mehmet Asim Bilen
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Henkenberens C, Oehus AK, Derlin T, Bengel F, Ross TL, Kuczyk MA, Janssen S, Christiansen H, von Klot CAJ. Efficacy of repeated PSMA PET-directed radiotherapy for oligorecurrent prostate cancer after initial curative therapy. Strahlenther Onkol 2020; 196:1006-1017. [PMID: 32399639 PMCID: PMC7581615 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-020-01629-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the outcome of prostate cancer (PCa) patients diagnosed with oligorecurrent disease and treated with a first and a second PSMA (prostate-specific membrane antigen ligand) PET(positron-emission tomography)-directed radiotherapy (RT). PATIENTS AND METHODS Thirty-two patients with oligorecurrent relapse after curative therapy received a first PSMA PET-directed RT of all metastases. After biochemical progression, all patients received a second PSMA PET-directed RT of all metastases. The main outcome parameters were biochemical progression-free survival (bPFS) and androgen deprivation therapy-free survival (ADT-FS). The intervals of BPFS were analyzed separately as follows: the interval from the last day of PSMA PET-directed RT to the first biochemical progression was defined as bPFS_1 and the interval from second PSMA PET-directed RT to further biochemical progression was defined as bPFS_2. RESULTS The median follow-up duration was 39.5 months (18-60). One out of 32 (3.1%) patients died after 47 months of progressive metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa). All patients showed biochemical responses after the first PSMA PET-directed RT and the median prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level before RT was 1.70 ng/mL (0.2-3.8), which decreased significantly to a median PSA nadir level of 0.39 ng/mL (range <0.07-3.8; p = 0.004). The median PSA level at biochemical progression after the first PSMA PET-directed RT was 2.9 ng/mL (range 0.12-12.80; p = 0.24). Furthermore, the PSA level after the second PSMA PET-directed RT at the last follow-up (0.52 ng/mL, range <0.07-154.0) was not significantly different (p = 0.36) from the median PSA level (1.70 ng/mL, range 0.2-3.8) before the first PSMA PET-directed RT. The median bPFS_1 was 16.0 months after the first PSMA PET-directed RT (95% CI 11.9-19.2) and the median bPFS_2 was significantly shorter at 8.0 months (95% CI 6.3-17.7) after the second PSMA PET-directed RT (p = 0.03; 95% CI 1.9-8.3). Multivariate analysis revealed no significant parameter for bPFS_1, whereas extrapelvic disease was the only significant parameter (p = 0.02, OR 2.3; 95% CI 0.81-4.19) in multivariate analysis for bPFS_2. The median ADT-FS was 31.0 months (95% CI 20.1-41.8) and multivariate analysis showed that patients with bone metastases, compared to patients with only lymph node metastases at first PSMA PET-directed RT, had a significantly higher chance (p = 0.007, OR 4.51; 95% CI 1.8-13.47) of needing ADT at the last follow-up visit. CONCLUSION If patients are followed up closely, including PSMA PET scans, a second PSMA PET-directed RT represents a viable treatment option for well-informed and well-selected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Henkenberens
- Department of Radiotherapy and Special Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Ann-Kathrin Oehus
- Department of Radiotherapy and Special Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thorsten Derlin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Frank Bengel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tobias L Ross
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Markus A Kuczyk
- Department of Urology and Urologic Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Janssen
- Medical practice for Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Treibesstraße 11, 31134, Hildesheim, Germany.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hans Christiansen
- Department of Radiotherapy and Special Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christoph A J von Klot
- Department of Urology and Urologic Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
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Kim TJ, Cho KS, Koo KC. Current Status and Future Perspectives of Immunotherapy for Locally Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Review. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E192. [PMID: 31940998 PMCID: PMC7017288 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Advancements in the understanding of tumor immunology in urothelial carcinoma (UC) have led to U.S Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of five novel anti-programmed cell death protein-1/ligand 1 (PD-1/L1) checkpoint inhibitors. In 2017, the anti-PD-L1 antibody atezolizumab and the anti-PD-1 antibody pembrolizumab gained approval for use in cisplatin-ineligible patients with locally advanced and metastatic UC. These approvals were based on single-arm trials, IMvigor210 (atezolizumab) and KEYNOTE-052 (pembrolizumab). Since then, additional checkpoint inhibitors, including avelumab, durvalumab, and nivolumab, have gained approval. Preliminary results suggest additional benefits with combinations of these agents in both first- and subsequent-line therapies, inferring a paradigm shift in the future treatment approach in advanced UC. Ongoing clinical trials will investigate how to utilize predictive biomarkers for optimal patient selection and to incorporate immunotherapy into earlier lines of multimodal treatment. In this comprehensive review, we summarize the evidence supporting the use of checkpoint inhibitors for patients with UC, and highlight ongoing clinical trials that are investigating novel combinations of immunotherapy in various disease settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Jin Kim
- Department of Urology, CHA University College of Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam 13496, Korea;
| | - Kang Su Cho
- Department of Urology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06229, Korea;
| | - Kyo Chul Koo
- Department of Urology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06229, Korea;
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