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Zhou W, Qin ZF, Li YY, Li JB, Shi YL, Dong MX, Li X, Zhang YJ, He YD. Methimazole and sodium perchlorate exert anti-thyroidal effects in the T3-induced Xenopus laevis metamorphosis assay: A rapid assay for screening thyroid disrupting chemicals. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 257:106431. [PMID: 36827831 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid disrupting chemicals (TDCs) have received much attention due to their potential adverse effects on animal and human health, which calls for rapid screen assays to identify them. The triiodothyronine (T3)-induced Xenopus metamorphosis assay (TiXMA) we developed previously has been successfully applied to the detection of the TDCs disrupting thyroid hormone (TH) signaling. Here, we attempted to expand the application of the TiXMA to the screening of the TDCs interfering with the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis. Two well-known TH synthesis inhibitors methimazole (MMI) and sodium perchlorate (SP) were employed to test the sensitivity of the TiXMA to the TDCs interfering with the HPT axis. As expected, we observed that the two chemicals concentration-dependently antagonized T3-induced morphological changes and body weight reduction of X. laevis tadpoles following 96 h-exposure, in parallel with blocked thyroid development and down-regulated tshβ expression in the brain. All the data show that both MMI and SP exert inhibitory effects on T3-induced metamorphosis, indicating that the TiXMA is capable of screening the TDCs interfering with the HPT axis. In comparison with Amphibian Metamorphosis Assay (AMA), a 21-day assay for screening the TDCs interfering with the HPT axis, the TiXMA has a remarkable advantage of shorter exposure duration (96 h).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing,211816, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zhan-Fen Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jin-Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ya-Li Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Miao-Xin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing,211816, China
| | - Yong-Jun Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing,211816, China
| | - Yi-De He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing,211816, China.
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Rodrigues-Pereira P, Andrade MN, Santos-Silva AP, Teixeira MP, Soares P, Graceli JB, de Carvalho DP, Dias GRM, Ferreira ACF, Miranda-Alves L. Subacute and low-dose tributyltin exposure disturbs the mammalian hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis in a sex-dependent manner. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 254:109279. [PMID: 35077874 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT) is an endocrine disruptor chemical (EDC) capable of altering the proper function of the hypothalamus-pituitary thyroid (HPT) axis. This study aimed to evaluate the subacute effects of TBT on the HPT axis of male and female rats. A dose of 100 ng/kg/day TBT was used in both sexes over a 15-day period, and the morphophysiology and gene expression of the HPT axis were assessed. TBT exposure increased the body weight in both sexes, while food efficiency increased - only in male rats. It was also possible to note alterations in the thyroid, with the presence of a stratified epithelium, cystic degeneration, and increased interstitial collagen deposition. A reduction in T3 and T4 levels was only observed in TBT male rats. A reduction in TSH levels was observed in TBT female rats. Evaluating mRNA expression, we observed a decrease in hepatic D1 and TRH mRNA levels in TBT female rats. An increase in D2 mRNA expression in the hypothalamus was observed in TBT male rats. Additionally, no significant changes in TRH or hepatic D1 mRNA expression in TBT male rats or in hypothalamic D1 and D2 mRNA expression in TBT female rats were observed. Thus, we can conclude that TBT has different toxicological effects on male and female rats by altering thyroid gland morphophysiology, leading to abnormal HPT axis function, and even at subacute and low doses, it may be involved in complex endocrine and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Rodrigues-Pereira
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia Experimental-LEEx, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelle Novaes Andrade
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia Experimental-LEEx, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Santos-Silva
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia Experimental-LEEx, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Núcleo Interdisciplinar NUMPEX, Campus Duque de Caxias, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana Pires Teixeira
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia Experimental-LEEx, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paula Soares
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Jones Bernardes Graceli
- Laboratório de Toxicologia e Endocrinologia, Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Denise Pires de Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Glaecir Roseni Mundstock Dias
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andrea Claudia Freitas Ferreira
- Núcleo Interdisciplinar NUMPEX, Campus Duque de Caxias, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leandro Miranda-Alves
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia Experimental-LEEx, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Evaluating the Effects of Noise Pollution on the Levels of Blood Cortisol, Testosterone, and Thyroid in Male Wistar Rats. HEALTH SCOPE 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/jhealthscope.94704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Noise pollution is a global problem causing changes in the secretion of various hormones and consequently affecting social well-being and quality of life in cities. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of noise pollution on the levels of testosterone, thyroid, and cortisol hormones in male rats. Methods: In this experimental study, a total of 70 male Wistar rats (200 - 250 g) were randomly assigned into one control and six experimental groups, with 10 rats in each group. Experimental groups were exposed to noise with different intensity (dB) and time (min) as follows: (I) 60 dB, 30 min; (II) 60 dB, 60 min; (III) 85 dB, 30 min; (IV) 85 dB, 60 min; (V) 110 dB, 30 min; (VI) 110 dB, 60 min; (VII) controls. Animals in the experimental groups were exposed to noise in an acoustic chamber designed for this purpose for 50 days. The Noise.exe software was used to generate noise, and the sound level meter (model TES 1358) was used to determine the accuracy of the intensity and frequency of sound. To determine plasma levels of the hormones, appropriate research and commercial kits were used, which were based on the ELISA method. To determine the concentration of hormones other than TSH, human assay kits were used. All statistical tests were performed in SPSS software version 21. Results: Serum levels of cortisol in the 110-dB (30 and 60 min), 65-dB (60 min), and 85-dB (60 min) groups were significantly higher than the control group (P ≤ 0.05). Also, cortisol levels in the 65-dB and 85-dB (30 minutes) groups were higher than the control group; however, the increase was not significant (P > 0.05). The levels of T4, T3, and TSH in the 60-dB and 85-dB groups were significantly lower than in the control group (P ≤ 0.05). The serum levels of T4, T3, and TSH hormones in the 110-dB group were insignificantly lower than the control group (P > 0.05). The serum level of testosterone in the 110-dB group was significantly lower than the control group (P ≤ 0.05). The mean serum levels of testosterone in the 65-dB and 85-dB groups were insignificantly lower than the control group (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Based on this study, exposure to noise pollution increased cortisol secretion and decreased T4, T3, TSH, and testosterone levels in rats. As this hormonal imbalance may create direct and indirect effects, studies and strategies are recommended to control the imbalance of hormones in the polluted environments.
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