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Formica C, De Salvo S, Muscarà N, Bonanno L, Arcadi FA, Lo Buono V, Acri G, Quartarone A, Marino S. Applications of Near Infrared Spectroscopy and Mirror Therapy for Upper Limb Rehabilitation in Post-Stroke Patients: A Brain Plasticity Pilot Study. J Clin Med 2024; 13:6612. [PMID: 39518751 PMCID: PMC11547098 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13216612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2024] [Revised: 10/24/2024] [Accepted: 10/31/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify the neural pattern activation during mirror therapy (MT) and explore any cortical reorganization and reducing asymmetry of hemispheric activity for upper limb rehabilitation in post-stroke patients. Methods: A box containing a mirror was placed between the arms of the patients to create the illusion of normal motion in the affected limb by reflecting the image of the unaffected limb in motion. We measured the cerebral hemodynamic response using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). We enrolled ten right-handed stroke patients. They observed healthy hand movements in the mirror (MT condition) while performing various tasks (MT condition), and then repeated the same tasks with the mirror covered (N-MT condition). Results: Significant activation of some brain areas was observed in the right and left hemiparesis groups for the MT condition, while lower levels of activation were observed for the N-MT condition. The results showed significant differences in hemodynamic response based on oxygenated (HbO) concentrations between MT and N-MT conditions across all tasks in sensorimotor areas. These neural circuits were activated despite the motor areas being affected by the brain injury, indicating that the reflection of movement in the mirror helped to activate them. Conclusions: These results suggest that MT promotes cortical activations of sensory motor areas in affected and non-affected brain sides in subacute post-stroke patients, and it encourages the use of these tools in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Formica
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, 98124 Messina, Italy; (C.F.); (N.M.); (L.B.); (F.A.A.); (V.L.B.); (A.Q.); (S.M.)
| | - Simona De Salvo
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, 98124 Messina, Italy; (C.F.); (N.M.); (L.B.); (F.A.A.); (V.L.B.); (A.Q.); (S.M.)
| | - Nunzio Muscarà
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, 98124 Messina, Italy; (C.F.); (N.M.); (L.B.); (F.A.A.); (V.L.B.); (A.Q.); (S.M.)
| | - Lilla Bonanno
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, 98124 Messina, Italy; (C.F.); (N.M.); (L.B.); (F.A.A.); (V.L.B.); (A.Q.); (S.M.)
| | - Francesca Antonia Arcadi
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, 98124 Messina, Italy; (C.F.); (N.M.); (L.B.); (F.A.A.); (V.L.B.); (A.Q.); (S.M.)
| | - Viviana Lo Buono
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, 98124 Messina, Italy; (C.F.); (N.M.); (L.B.); (F.A.A.); (V.L.B.); (A.Q.); (S.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Acri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche, e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali, Università degli Studi di Messina, c/o A.O.U. Policlinico ‘G. Martino’ Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Angelo Quartarone
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, 98124 Messina, Italy; (C.F.); (N.M.); (L.B.); (F.A.A.); (V.L.B.); (A.Q.); (S.M.)
| | - Silvia Marino
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, 98124 Messina, Italy; (C.F.); (N.M.); (L.B.); (F.A.A.); (V.L.B.); (A.Q.); (S.M.)
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Ageeva T, Sabirov D, Sufianov A, Davletshin E, Plotnikova E, Shigapova R, Sufianova G, Timofeeva A, Chelyshev Y, Rizvanov A, Mukhamedshina Y. The Impact of Treadmill Training on Tissue Integrity, Axon Growth, and Astrocyte Modulation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3772. [PMID: 38612590 PMCID: PMC11011976 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) presents a complex challenge in neurorehabilitation, demanding innovative therapeutic strategies to facilitate functional recovery. This study investigates the effects of treadmill training on SCI recovery, emphasizing motor function enhancement, neural tissue preservation, and axonal growth. Our research, conducted on a rat model, demonstrates that controlled treadmill exercises significantly improve motor functions post-SCI, as evidenced by improved scores on the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor rating scale and enhanced electromyography readings. Notably, the training facilitates the preservation of spinal cord tissue, effectively reducing secondary damage and promoting the maintenance of neural fibers in the injured area. A key finding is the significant stimulation of axonal growth around the injury epicenter in trained rats, marked by increased growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43) expression. Despite these advancements, the study notes a limited impact of treadmill training on motoneuron adaptation and highlights minimal changes in the astrocyte and neuron-glial antigen 2 (NG2) response. This suggests that, while treadmill training is instrumental in functional improvements post-SCI, its influence on certain neural cell types and glial populations is constrained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Ageeva
- OpenLab Gene and Cell Technology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Davran Sabirov
- OpenLab Gene and Cell Technology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Albert Sufianov
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Research and Educational Institute of Neurosurgery, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Eldar Davletshin
- OpenLab Gene and Cell Technology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Elizaveta Plotnikova
- OpenLab Gene and Cell Technology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Rezeda Shigapova
- OpenLab Gene and Cell Technology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Galina Sufianova
- Department of Pharmacology, Tyumen State Medical University, 625023 Tyumen, Russia
| | - Anna Timofeeva
- OpenLab Gene and Cell Technology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Yuri Chelyshev
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia
| | - Albert Rizvanov
- OpenLab Gene and Cell Technology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
- Division of Medical and Biological Sciences, Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | - Yana Mukhamedshina
- OpenLab Gene and Cell Technology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia
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Wang X, Chen L, Zhou H, Xu Y, Zhang H, Yang W, Tang X, Wang J, Lv Y, Yan P, Peng Y. Enriched Rehabilitation Improves Gait Disorder and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:733311. [PMID: 34924926 PMCID: PMC8674725 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.733311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Studies on non-pharmacological strategies for improving gait performance and cognition in Parkinson's disease (PD) are of great significance. We aimed to investigate the effect of and mechanism underlying enriched rehabilitation as a potentially effective strategy for improving gait performance and cognition in early-stage PD. Methods: Forty participants with early-stage PD were randomly assigned to receive 12 weeks (2 h/day, 6 days/week) of enriched rehabilitation (ER; n = 20; mean age, 66.14 ± 4.15 years; 45% men) or conventional rehabilitation (CR; n = 20; mean age 65.32 ± 4.23 years; 50% men). In addition, 20 age-matched healthy volunteers were enrolled as a control (HC) group. We assessed the general motor function using the Unified PD Rating Scale-Part III (UPDRS-III) and gait performance during single-task (ST) and dual-task (DT) conditions pre- and post-intervention. Cognitive function assessments included the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), and the Trail Making Test (TMT), which were conducted pre- and post-intervention. We also investigated alteration in positive resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in participants with PD, mediated by ER, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Results: Compared with the HC group, PD participants in both ER and CR groups performed consistently poorer on cognitive and motor assessments. Significant improvements were observed in general motor function as assessed by the UPDRS-III in both ER and CR groups post-intervention. However, only the ER group showed improvements in gait parameters under ST and DT conditions post-intervention. Moreover, ER had a significant effect on cognition, which was reflected in increased MoCA, SDMT, and TMT scores post-intervention. MoCA, SDMT, and TMT scores were significantly different between ER and CR groups post-intervention. The RSFC analysis showed strengthened positive functional connectivity between the left DLPFC and other brain areas including the left insula and left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG) post-ER. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that ER could serve as a potentially effective therapy for early-stage PD for improving gait performance and cognitive function. The underlying mechanism based on fMRI involved strengthened RSFC between the left DLPFC and other brain areas (e.g., the left insula and LIFG).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - LanLan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yao Xu
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hongying Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wenrui Yang
- Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - XiaoJia Tang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Junya Wang
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yichen Lv
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Ping Yan
- School of Nursing, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Peng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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