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Hossain M, Im S, Jeong JH, Sultana T, Kang JH, Lee BT. Efficacy of a newly designed helical-shaped 3D-printed titanium cage for cervical vertebral defect healing in rabbits. Am J Transl Res 2023; 15:114-124. [PMID: 36777855 PMCID: PMC9908481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printed titanium (Ti-6Al-4V alloy) cages are widely used for spinal fusion applications. However, the structural design and shape of the cages are a major determinant of the optimal clinical outcome. In this study, we constructed a newly designed 3D-printed helical-shaped titanium cage (HTC) with a flexible body, and compared its healing and fusion efficacy in cervical vertebral defects after corpectomy in rabbits to that of a 3D-printed traditional titanium cage (TTC). We performed radiological examinations 1 and 16 weeks after TTC and HTC implantation. We assessed bone ingrowth in TTC and HTC using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and histological staining of tissue sections at 16 weeks. The radiographic data showed that the HTC-implanted group had better restoration of vertebral height than the TTC group, indicating a lower risk of cage subsidence. The micro-CT and histological observations showed that HTC promoted bone regeneration and osseointegration more effectively than TTC. Histomorphometry further revealed significant new bone formation in the HTC group compared to the TTC group. These findings demonstrate that HTC has better healing and bone fusion effects than TTC in cervical vertebral defects in rabbits, indicating its potential clinical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosharraf Hossain
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Bucheon HospitalBucheon, South Korea
| | - Soobin Im
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Bucheon HospitalBucheon, South Korea,Institute of Tissue Regeneration, Soonchunhyang UniversityCheonan, South Korea
| | - Je Hoon Jeong
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Bucheon HospitalBucheon, South Korea
| | - Tamima Sultana
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Bucheon HospitalBucheon, South Korea
| | - Jung Hoon Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Bucheon HospitalBucheon, South Korea
| | - Byong-Taek Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration, Soonchunhyang UniversityCheonan, South Korea,Department of Regenerative Medicine, Soonchunhyang UniversityCheonan, South Korea
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Static and Fatigue Load Bearing Investigation on Porous Structure Titanium Additively Manufactured Anterior Cervical Cages. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:6534749. [PMID: 35355825 PMCID: PMC8959973 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6534749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the static and fatigue behavior of porous and conventional anterior cervical cages. Porous structure titanium anterior cervical cages were manufactured using direct selective laser sintering technique. Four different types of cervical cages were designed and manufactured, among which three designs consist of porous structure (type 1, type 2, and type 3) and manufactured using metal 3D printing. Remaining one design (type 4) was manufactured using conventional machining and did not consist any porous structure. All types of manufactured cages were tested in compression under static and fatigue loading conditions as per ASTM F2077 standard. Static and fatigue subsidence testing was performed using ASTM F2267 standard. Static compression testing results of type 1 and type 4 cages reported higher yield load when compared to the type 2 and type 3 cages. Static subsidence testing results reported almost 11% less subsidence rate for additively manufactured cages than the conventional cages. Fatigue subsidence testing results showed that type 2 and type 3 cages can withstood approximately 21% higher number of cycles before subsidence as compare to the type 1 and type 4 cages. During fatigue testing, all the cages design survived 5 million cycles at the 3000 N loading. For 6000 N and 8000 N, loading rate type 2 and type 3 cages showed lower fatigue life when compared to other cages design. Since fatigue life of type 2 and type 3 cage designs were reported lower than other cages design, it is concluded that the performance of the additively manufactured porous cages can be significantly varied based upon the cage design features.
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Effects of Shot Peening and Cavitation Peening on Properties of Surface Layer of Metallic Materials-A Short Review. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15072476. [PMID: 35407808 PMCID: PMC8999841 DOI: 10.3390/ma15072476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Shot peening is a dynamically developing surface treatment used to improve the surface properties modified by tool, impact, microblasting, or shot action. This paper reviews the basic information regarding shot peening methods. The peening processes and effects of the shot peening and cavitation peening treatments on the surface layer properties of metallic components are analysed. Moreover, the effects of peening on the operational performance of metallic materials are summarized. Shot peening is generally applied to reduce the surface roughness, increase the hardness, and densify the surface layer microstructure, which leads to work hardening effects. In addition, the residual compressive stresses introduced into the material have a beneficial effect on the performance of the surface layer. Therefore, peening can be beneficial for metallic structures prone to fatigue, corrosion, and wear. Recently, cavitation peening has been increasingly developed. This review paper suggests that most research on cavitation peening omits the treatment of additively manufactured metallic materials. Furthermore, no published studies combine shot peening and cavitation peening in one hybrid process, which could synthesize the benefits of both peening processes. Moreover, there is a need to investigate the effects of peening, especially cavitation peening and hybrid peening, on the anti-wear and corrosion performance of additively manufactured metallic materials. Therefore, the literature gap leading to the scope of future work is also included.
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Mechanical Properties and Residual Stress Measurements of Grade IV Titanium and Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-13Nb-13Zr Titanium Alloys after Laser Treatment. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14216316. [PMID: 34771847 PMCID: PMC8585406 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, surface engineering focuses on research into materials for medical applications. Titanium and its alloys are prominent, especially Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-13Nb-13Zr. Samples made of pure grade IV titanium and the titanium alloys Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-13Nb-13Zr were modified via laser treatment with laser beam frequency f = 25 Hz and laser beam power P = 1000 W during a laser pulse with duration t = 1 ms. Subsequently, to analyze the properties of the obtained surface layers, the following tests were performed: scanning electron microscopy, chemical and phase composition analysis, wetting angle tests and roughness tests. The assessment of the impact of the laser modification on the internal stresses of the investigated materials was carried out by comparing the values of the stresses of the laser-modified samples to those of the reference samples. The obtained results showed increased values of tensile stresses after laser modification: the highest value was found for the Ti-6Al-4V alloy at 6.7434 GPa and the lowest for pure grade IV titanium at 3.742 GPa. After laser and heat treatment, a reduction in the stress was observed, together with a significant increase in the hardness of the tested materials, with the highest value for Ti-6Al-4V alloy at 27.723 GPa. This can provide better abrasion resistance and lower long-term toxicity, both of which are desirable when using Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloys for implant materials.
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Nino-Barrera J, Sanchez-Aleman J, Acosta-Humanez M, Gamboa-Martinez L, Cortes-Rodriguez C. Shot peening increases resistance to cyclic fatigue fracture of endodontic files. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12961. [PMID: 34155287 PMCID: PMC8217493 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92382-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the resistance to fatigue fracture of conventional nickel–titanium files after undergoing shot peening. Forty NITIFLEX endodontic files, number 30, were divided into two groups; one was submitted to shot peening treatment and the other was not. All instruments were tested for fatigue fracture in simulated canals with a TRI-AUTO ZX endodontic motor. One file of each group was subjected to a residual stress analysis by XRD. Finally, the fractured surface was observed and elemental analysis performed by means of SEM and EDX. Roughness analysis was made by focal variation microscope. The shot peening group showed greater resistance to fatigue fracture; there was no difference in the length of the fractured fragments. XRD results showed the presence of residual compression stresses in the file submitted to shot peening, a decrease in the interplanar spacing, and an increase in the full-width-at-half-maximum and the microstrains. SEM and EDX showed a ductile fracture with zones of fatigue and an equiatomic ratio between the nickel and titanium. Surface roughness increased after the file was subjected to the shot peening procedure. In conclusion, shot peening increases the resistance to fatigue fracture due to the presence of residual compression stresses in files manufactured from a conventional nickel–titanium alloy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Nino-Barrera
- Faculty of Dentistry, Endodontics Program, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Building 210, Office 301, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Jose Sanchez-Aleman
- Faculty of Dentistry, Endodontics Program, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Building 210, Office 301, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Luis Gamboa-Martinez
- School of Dentistry, Endodontics Program, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
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Osseointegration Improvement of Co-Cr-Mo Alloy Produced by Additive Manufacturing. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13050724. [PMID: 34069254 PMCID: PMC8156199 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cobalt-base alloys (Co-Cr-Mo) are widely employed in dentistry and orthopedic implants due to their biocompatibility, high mechanical strength and wear resistance. The osseointegration of implants can be improved by surface modification techniques. However, complex geometries obtained by additive manufacturing (AM) limits the efficiency of mechanical-based surface modification techniques. Therefore, plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) is the best alternative, creating nanotopography even in complex structures. In the present study, we report the osseointegration results in three conditions of the additively manufactured Co-Cr-Mo alloy: (i) as-built, (ii) after PIII, and (iii) coated with titanium (Ti) followed by PIII. The metallic samples were designed with a solid half and a porous half to observe the bone ingrowth in different surfaces. Our results revealed that all conditions presented cortical bone formation. The titanium-coated sample exhibited the best biomechanical results, which was attributed to the higher bone ingrowth percentage with almost all medullary canals filled with neoformed bone and the pores of the implant filled and surrounded by bone ingrowth. It was concluded that the metal alloys produced for AM are biocompatible and stimulate bone neoformation, especially when the Co-28Cr-6Mo alloy with a Ti-coated surface, nanostructured and anodized by PIII is used, whose technology has been shown to increase the osseointegration capacity of this implant.
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Chishkala V, Lytovchenko S, Mazilin B, Gevorkyan E, Shkuropatenko V, Voyevodin V, Rucki M, Siemiątkowski Z, Matijošius J, Dudziak A, Caban J, Kilikevičius A. Novel Microwave-Assisted Method of Y2Ti2O7 Powder Synthesis. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13245621. [PMID: 33317137 PMCID: PMC7764300 DOI: 10.3390/ma13245621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the paper, a novel technique for highly dispersed pyrochlore Y2Ti2O7 is proposed. The experimental results proved that the application of microwave irradiation at a certain stage of calcination allowed synthesizing of Y2Ti2O7 in much shorter time, which ensured substantial energy savings. An increase up to 98 wt.% in the content of the preferred phase with a pyrochlore-type structure Y2Ti2O7 was obtained after 25 h of yttrium and titanium oxides calcination at a relatively low temperature of 1150 °C, while the microwave-supported process took only 9 h and provided 99 wt.% of pyrochlore. The proposed technology is suitable for industrial applications, enabling the fabrication of large industrial amounts of pyrochlore without solvent chemistry and high-energy mills. It reduced the cost of both equipment and energy and made the process more environmentally friendly. The particle size and morphology did not change significantly; therefore, the microwave-assisted method can fully replace the traditional one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Chishkala
- Department of Reactor Engineering Materials and Physical Technologies, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, 4 Svobody Sq., 61022 Kharkiv, Ukraine; (V.C.); (S.L.); (B.M.)
| | - Serhiy Lytovchenko
- Department of Reactor Engineering Materials and Physical Technologies, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, 4 Svobody Sq., 61022 Kharkiv, Ukraine; (V.C.); (S.L.); (B.M.)
| | - Bohdan Mazilin
- Department of Reactor Engineering Materials and Physical Technologies, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, 4 Svobody Sq., 61022 Kharkiv, Ukraine; (V.C.); (S.L.); (B.M.)
| | - Edwin Gevorkyan
- Department of Quality, Standardization, Certification and Manufacturing Technology, Ukraine State University of Railway Transport, 7 Feuerbach Sq., 61010 Kharkiv, Ukraine;
| | - Vladimir Shkuropatenko
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Materials Science and Technology NSC KIPT NAS of Ukraine, 1 Academichna Str., 61108 Kharkiv, Ukraine; (V.S.); (V.V.)
| | - Viktor Voyevodin
- Department of Reactor Engineering Materials and Physical Technologies, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, 4 Svobody Sq., 61022 Kharkiv, Ukraine; (V.C.); (S.L.); (B.M.)
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Materials Science and Technology NSC KIPT NAS of Ukraine, 1 Academichna Str., 61108 Kharkiv, Ukraine; (V.S.); (V.V.)
| | - Mirosław Rucki
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities in Radom, ul. Stasieckiego 54, 26-600 Radom, Poland;
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (A.D.)
| | - Zbigniew Siemiątkowski
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities in Radom, ul. Stasieckiego 54, 26-600 Radom, Poland;
| | - Jonas Matijošius
- Institute of Mechanical Science, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, J. Basanavičiaus g. 28, 03224 Vilnius, Lithuania; (J.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Agnieszka Dudziak
- Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 28 Str., 20-612 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (A.D.)
| | - Jacek Caban
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Artūras Kilikevičius
- Institute of Mechanical Science, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, J. Basanavičiaus g. 28, 03224 Vilnius, Lithuania; (J.M.); (A.K.)
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Domagała I, Przystupa K, Firlej M, Pieniak D, Niewczas A, Biedziak B. Bending Behaviour of Polymeric Materials Used on Biomechanics Orthodontic Appliances. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13235579. [PMID: 33297572 PMCID: PMC7731210 DOI: 10.3390/ma13235579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper discusses the issues of strength and creep of polymeric materials used in orthodontic appliances. Orthodontic biomechanics is focused on the movement of individual teeth or dental groups as a result of the force applied by orthodontic appliances. Stresses in the construction of functional and biomechanical appliances is generated when using the apparatus in the oral cavity. The orthodontic appliance must maintain its shape and not be damaged during treatment so strength and creep resistance are fundamental properties. It was assumed that the clinical success of orthodontic appliances can be determined by these performance properties. The aim of the work was the experimental assessment of comparative bending strength and creep resistance of selected popular polymer materials used in the production of biomechanical orthodontic appliances. Four commercial materials manufactured by the world class producers were tested: NextDent Ortho Rigid (Vertex-Dental B.V., Soesterberg, The Netherlands) marked as "1A"; Erkocryl (ERKODENT Erich Kopp GmbH, Pfalzgrafenweiler, Germany)-"2A"; Vertex Orthoplast (Vertex Dental B.V.), blue, marked as "3A" and material with the same name as "3A" but orange, marked in the article as "4A". All the tests were carried out after aging in artificial saliva for 48 h at a temperature of 37 °C. Flexular strength and flexular modulus were made using the three point bending method according to the ISO 178 technical standard. Creep tests were carried out according to the method contained in ISO 899-2. The creep test was carried out in an artificial saliva bath at 37 °C. The creep tests showed significant differences in the strength, modulus and deformability of the tested materials. The strength reliability of the tested materials also varied. The research shows that the 2A material can be used for orthodontic applications in which long-term stresses should be lower than 20 MPa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Domagała
- Department of Facial Malformations, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Bukowska 70, 60-812 Poznań, Poland; (I.D.); (M.F.); (B.B.)
| | - Krzysztof Przystupa
- Department of Automation, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Marcel Firlej
- Department of Facial Malformations, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Bukowska 70, 60-812 Poznań, Poland; (I.D.); (M.F.); (B.B.)
| | - Daniel Pieniak
- Department of Mechanics and Machine Building, University of Economics and Innovations in Lublin, Projektowa 4, 20-209 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Agata Niewczas
- Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Medical University of Lublin, Karmelicka 7, 20-080 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Barbara Biedziak
- Department of Facial Malformations, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Bukowska 70, 60-812 Poznań, Poland; (I.D.); (M.F.); (B.B.)
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Morozow D, Siemiątkowski Z, Gevorkyan E, Rucki M, Matijošius J, Kilikevičius A, Caban J, Krzysiak Z. Effect of Yttrium and Rhenium Ion Implantation on the Performance of Nitride Ceramic Cutting Tools. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13204687. [PMID: 33096740 PMCID: PMC7589217 DOI: 10.3390/ma13204687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In the paper, the results of experimental investigations of ion implanted cutting tools performance are presented. The tools, made out of Si3N4 with additives typically used for turning of Ti-6Al-4V alloy, underwent implantation with ions of yttrium (Y+) and rhenium (Re+) using the metal vapor vacuum arc method. Distribution of ions on the tool surface was measured. The cutting tools were tested in turning process with measurement of cutting forces and analysis of wear. A rather unexpected result was the increased wear of the tool after Y+ implantation with 1 × 1017 ion/cm2. It was demonstrated, however, that the tool after Y+ 2 × 1017 ion/cm2 ion implantation provided the best machining performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrij Morozow
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities in Radom, ul. Stasieckiego 54, 26-600 Radom, Poland; (D.M.); (Z.S.)
| | - Zbigniew Siemiątkowski
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities in Radom, ul. Stasieckiego 54, 26-600 Radom, Poland; (D.M.); (Z.S.)
| | - Edwin Gevorkyan
- Department of Quality, Standardization, Certification and Manufacturing Technology, Ukraine State University of Railway Transport, 7 Feuerbach sq., 61010 Kharkiv, Ukraine;
| | - Mirosław Rucki
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities in Radom, ul. Stasieckiego 54, 26-600 Radom, Poland; (D.M.); (Z.S.)
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (Z.K.)
| | - Jonas Matijošius
- Institute of Mechanical Science, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, J. Basanavičiaus str. 28, LT-03224 Vilnius, Lithuania; (J.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Artūras Kilikevičius
- Institute of Mechanical Science, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, J. Basanavičiaus str. 28, LT-03224 Vilnius, Lithuania; (J.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Jacek Caban
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Zbigniew Krzysiak
- Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (Z.K.)
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Macek W, Branco R, Szala M, Marciniak Z, Ulewicz R, Sczygiol N, Kardasz P. Profile and Areal Surface Parameters for Fatigue Fracture Characterisation. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13173691. [PMID: 32825494 PMCID: PMC7504328 DOI: 10.3390/ma13173691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Post-mortem characterisation is a pivotal tool to trace back to the origin of structural failures in modern engineering analyses. This work compared both the crack propagation and rupture roughness profiles based on areal parameters for total fracture area. Notched and smooth samples made of weather-resistant structural steel (10HNAP), popular S355J2 structural steel and aluminium alloy AW-2017A under bending, torsion and combined bending–torsion were investigated. After the fatigue tests, fatigue fractures were measured with an optical profilometer, and the relevant surface parameters were critically compared. The results showed a great impact of the loading scenario on both the local profiles and total fracture areas. Both approaches (local and total fracture zones) for specimens with different geometries were investigated. For all specimens, measured texture parameters decreased in the following order: total area, rupture area and propagation area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Macek
- Opole University of Technology, 76 Proszkowska St., 45-758 Opole, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Ricardo Branco
- CEMMPRE, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Luís Santos, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Mirosław Szala
- Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 36D, 20-618 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Zbigniew Marciniak
- Department of Mechanics and Machine Design, Opole University of Technology, ul. Mikolajczyka 5, 45-271 Opole, Poland;
| | - Robert Ulewicz
- Department of Production Engineering and Safety, Czestochowa University of Technology, 42-201 Czestochowa, Poland;
| | - Norbert Sczygiol
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, Czestochowa University of Technology, 42-201 Czestochowa, Poland;
| | - Piotr Kardasz
- Wroclaw School of Information Technology, Lutra 4, 54-239 Wrocław, Poland;
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Cracking Behavior of René 104 Nickel-Based Superalloy Prepared by Selective Laser Melting Using Different Scanning Strategies. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13092149. [PMID: 32384809 PMCID: PMC7254403 DOI: 10.3390/ma13092149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Eliminating cracks is a big challenge for the selective laser melting (SLM) process of low-weldable Nickel-based superalloy. In this work, three scanning strategies of the snake, stripe partition, and chessboard partition were utilized to prepare René 104 Ni-based superalloy, of which the cracking behavior and the residual stress were investigated. The results showed that the scanning strategies had significant effects on the cracking, residual stress, and relative density of the SLMed René 104 superalloy. The scanning strategies with more partitions boosted the emergence of cracks, as high-density cracks occurred in these samples. The overlapping zone (OZ) of the scanning partition was also susceptible to cracking, which increased the size, number, and density of the cracks. The cracking performance was relatively moderate in the snake-scanned samples, while that in the chessboard-partition-scanned samples was the most severe. It is concluded that the partition scanning strategies induced more cracks in the SLMed René 104 superalloy, of which the residual stress was apparently reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to design scanning strategies with optimized scanning partitions and overlaps to avoid cracking and acquire a high-quality, near fully dense, low-weldable Nickel-based superalloy using SLM.
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