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Zeng X, Luo D, Zhang S, Cui Z, Wang Y, Chen J, Zhang S, Teng L, Hu Z, Liu L, Zhou S, Zeng Z, Long J. High-dose radiation-induced immunogenic cell death of bladder cancer cells leads to dendritic cell activation. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0307024. [PMID: 39231199 PMCID: PMC11373825 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a commonly used method in the treatment of bladder cancers (BC). Radiation-induced immunogenic cell death (ICD) is related to the immune response against cancers and their prognoses. Even though dendritic cells (DC) act as powerful antigen-presenting cells in the body, their precise role in this ICD process remains unclear. Accordingly, an in vitro study was undertaken to ascertain whether high-dose radiation-induced ICD of BC cells could regulate the immune response of DC. The results indicated that high-dose radiation treatments of BC cells significantly increased their levels of apoptosis, blocked their cell cycle in the G2/M phase, increased their expression of ICD-related proteins, and upregulated their secretion of CCL5 and CCL21 which control the directed migration of DC. It was also noted that expression of CD80, CD86, CCR5, and CCR7 on DC was upregulated in the medium containing the irradiated cells. In conclusion, the present findings illustrate that high-dose radiation can induce the occurrence of ICD within BC cells, concomitantly resulting in the activation of DC. Such findings could be of great significance in increasing the understanding how radiotherapy of BC may work to bring about reductions in cell activity and how these processes in turn lead to immunoregulation of the function of DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianlin Zeng
- School of Biology and Engineering/School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Engineering Center of Cellular Immunotherapy of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immunity and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
| | - Daiqin Luo
- School of Biology and Engineering/School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Engineering Center of Cellular Immunotherapy of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immunity and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhonghui Cui
- School of Biology and Engineering/School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Engineering Center of Cellular Immunotherapy of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immunity and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
| | - Yun Wang
- School of Biology and Engineering/School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Engineering Center of Cellular Immunotherapy of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immunity and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
| | - Jin Chen
- School of Biology and Engineering/School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Engineering Center of Cellular Immunotherapy of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immunity and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
| | - Shichao Zhang
- School of Biology and Engineering/School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Engineering Center of Cellular Immunotherapy of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immunity and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
| | - Lijing Teng
- School of Biology and Engineering/School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Engineering Center of Cellular Immunotherapy of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immunity and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
| | - Zuquan Hu
- School of Biology and Engineering/School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Engineering Center of Cellular Immunotherapy of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immunity and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
| | - Lina Liu
- School of Biology and Engineering/School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Engineering Center of Cellular Immunotherapy of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immunity and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
| | - Shi Zhou
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhu Zeng
- School of Biology and Engineering/School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Engineering Center of Cellular Immunotherapy of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immunity and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jinhua Long
- Department of Head and Neck, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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Zhou Y, Quan G, Liu Y, Shi N, Wu Y, Zhang R, Gao X, Luo L. The application of Interleukin-2 family cytokines in tumor immunotherapy research. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1090311. [PMID: 36936961 PMCID: PMC10018032 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1090311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Interleukin-2 Family contains six kinds of cytokines, namely IL-2, IL-15, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, and IL-21, all of which share a common γ chain. Many cytokines of the IL-2 family have been reported to be a driving force in immune cells activation. Therefore, researchers have tried various methods to study the anti-tumor effect of cytokines for a long time. However, due to the short half-life, poor stability, easy to lead to inflammatory storms and narrow safety treatment window of cytokines, this field has been tepid. In recent years, with the rapid development of protein engineering technology, some engineered cytokines have a significant effect in tumor immunotherapy, showing an irresistible trend of development. In this review, we will discuss the current researches of the IL-2 family and mainly focus on the application and achievements of engineered cytokines in tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyihua Zhou
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Guiqi Quan
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Yujun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yahui Wu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Ran Zhang, ; Xiang Gao, ; Longlong Luo,
| | - Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ran Zhang, ; Xiang Gao, ; Longlong Luo,
| | - Longlong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ran Zhang, ; Xiang Gao, ; Longlong Luo,
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The past, present, and future of immunotherapy for bladder tumors. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 39:236. [PMID: 36175715 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01828-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer is a prominent cancer worldwide with a relatively low survival rate for patients with increased stage and metastasis. Current treatments are based on surgical removal, bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) Immunotherapy, and platinum-based chemotherapy. However, treatment resistance due to genetic instability of bladder tumors, as well as intolerance to treatment adverse effects leads to the necessity to further treatment options. New advancements in immunotherapy are on the rise for treatment of various cancers and specifically has shown promise in the treatment of bladder cancer. This review summarizes these new advancements in treatment options involving cytokines and cytokine blockade. Such a study might be helpful for urologists to manage patients with bladder cancer more effectively.
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Santana JPP, Marcato PD, Massaro TNC, Godoy NL, Anibal FDF, Borra RC. Efficacy of instillation of MB49 cells and thermoreversible polymeric gel in urothelial bladder carcinoma immunization. Lab Anim Res 2022; 38:11. [PMID: 35513853 PMCID: PMC9069826 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-022-00122-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Activating the immune system for therapeutic benefit has long been a goal in immunology, especially in cancer treatment, but the low immunogenicity of antitumor vaccines remains a limiting factor in the fight against malignant neoplasms. The increase in the immunogenicity of weak antigens using biodegradable polymers, such as chitosan, has been observed in the field of cancer immunotherapy. However, the effects of the vaccine using a combination of tumor cells and a thermoreversible delivery system based on chitosan in bladder cancer models, mainly using the intravesical route to stimulate the antitumor immune response, are unknown. We propose to evaluate the efficacy of a polymeric gel matrix (TPG) formed by poloxamer 407 and chitosan, associated with MB49 cells, as an intravesical antitumor vaccine using a C57BL/6 murine model of bladder urothelial carcinoma. The effectiveness of immunization was analyzed with the formation of three experimental groups: Control, TPG and TPG + MB49. In the vaccination phase, the TPG + MB49 group underwent a traumatic injury to the bladder wall with immediate intravesical instillation of the vaccine compound containing MB49 cells embedded in TPG. The TPG group was subjected to the same procedures using the compound containing the gel diluted in medium, and the control group using only the medium. After 21 days, the animals were challenged with tumor induction.
Results In vitro tests showed loss of viability and inability to proliferate after exposure to TPG. In vivo tests showed that animals previously immunized with TPG + MB49 had higher cumulative survival, as well as significantly lower bladder weight and size in contrast to the other two groups that did not show a statistically different tumor evolution. In addition, the splenocytes of these animals also showed a higher rate of antitumor cytotoxicity in relation to the TPG and control groups.
Conclusions We can conclude that MB49 cells embedded in a polymeric thermoreversible gel matrix with chitosan used in the form of an intravesical vaccine are able to stimulate the immune response and affect the development of the bladder tumor in an orthotopic and syngeneic C57BL/6 murine model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Priscyla Daniely Marcato
- GNanoBio, School of Pharmaceutical Science of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Naiane Lima Godoy
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of Sao Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Carneiro Borra
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of Sao Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
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