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Pohanka M, Zakova J. Urine Test Strip Quantitative Assay with a Smartphone Camera. Int J Anal Chem 2024; 2024:6004970. [PMID: 38529171 PMCID: PMC10963100 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6004970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Urine test strips for urinalysis are a common diagnostic tool with minimal costs and are used in various situations including homecare and hospitalization. The coloration scaled by the naked eye is simple, but it is suitable for semiquantitative analysis only. In this paper, a colorimetric assay is developed based on a smartphone digital camera and urine test strips. Assays of pH, albumin, glucose, and lipase activity were performed as a tool for the diagnosis of aciduria, alkaluria, glycosuria, proteinuria, and leukocyturia. The RGB color channels were analyzed in the colorimetric assay, and the assay exerted good sensitivity, and all the particular diagnoses proved to be reliable. The limits of detection for glucose (0.11 mmol/L), albumin (0.15 g/L), and lipase (2.50 U/μL) were low enough to cover the expected physiological concentration, and the range for pH was also satisfactory. The urine test strips with a camera as an output detector proved applicability to spiked urine samples, and the results were also well in comparison to the standard assays which confirms the practical relevance of the presented findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Pohanka
- Military Faculty of Medicine, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, Hradec Kralove 50001, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Zakova
- Military Faculty of Medicine, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, Hradec Kralove 50001, Czech Republic
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Alias FL, Nezhad NG, Normi YM, Ali MSM, Budiman C, Leow TC. Recent Advances in Overexpression of Functional Recombinant Lipases. Mol Biotechnol 2023; 65:1737-1749. [PMID: 36971996 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00725-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Heterologous functional expression of the recombinant lipases is typically a bottleneck due to the expression in the insoluble fraction as inclusion bodies (IBs) which are in inactive form. Due to the importance of lipases in various industrial applications, many investigations have been conducted to discover suitable approaches to obtain functional lipase or increase the expressed yield in the soluble fraction. The utilization of the appropriate prokaryotic and eukaryotic expression systems, along with the suitable vectors, promoters, and tags, has been recognized as a practical approach. One of the most powerful strategies to produce bioactive lipases is using the molecular chaperones co-expressed along with the target protein's genes into the expression host to produce the lipase in soluble fraction as a bioactive form. The refolding of expressed lipase from IBs (inactive) is another practical strategy which is usually carried out through chemical and physical methods. Based on recent investigations, the current review simultaneously highlights strategies to express the bioactive lipases and recover the bioactive lipases from the IBs in insoluble form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatin Liyana Alias
- Enzyme and Microbial Research Center, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nima Ghahremani Nezhad
- Enzyme and Microbial Research Center, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yahaya M Normi
- Enzyme and Microbial Research Center, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Shukuri Mohamad Ali
- Enzyme and Microbial Research Center, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Cahyo Budiman
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Thean Chor Leow
- Enzyme and Microbial Research Center, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Liu R, Wang Y, Hu Z, Wu J, Gong C, Jiang Z, Li D, Wang F, Yang J. K
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‐Promoted Haloamination of Non‐Functionalized Olefins for the Synthesis of 2‐Halomethyl Indolines and 2‐Halomethyl Dihydrobenzofuran. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Ningxia University Yinchuan 750000 PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Ningxia University Yinchuan 750000 PR China
| | - Zhouman Hu
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Ningxia University Yinchuan 750000 PR China
| | - Jianglong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Ningxia University Yinchuan 750000 PR China
| | - Chengwei Gong
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Ningxia University Yinchuan 750000 PR China
| | - Zishuo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Ningxia University Yinchuan 750000 PR China
| | - Dianjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Ningxia University Yinchuan 750000 PR China
| | - Fuqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Ningxia University Yinchuan 750000 PR China
| | - Jinhui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Ningxia University Yinchuan 750000 PR China
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Zhu G, Fang Q, Zhu F, Huang D, Yang C. Structure and Function of Pancreatic Lipase-Related Protein 2 and Its Relationship With Pathological States. Front Genet 2021; 12:693538. [PMID: 34290745 PMCID: PMC8287333 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.693538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic lipase is critical for the digestion and absorption of dietary fats. The most abundant lipolytic enzymes secreted by the pancreas are pancreatic triglyceride lipase (PTL or PNLIP) and its family members, pancreatic lipase-related protein 1 (PNLIPRP1or PLRP1) and pancreatic lipase-related protein 2 (PNLIPRP2 or PLRP2). Unlike the family’s other members, PNLIPRP2 plays an elemental role in lipid digestion, especially for newborns. Therefore, if genetic factors cause gene mutation, or other factors lead to non-expression, it may have an effect on fat digestion and absorption, on the susceptibility to pancreas and intestinal pathogens. In this review, we will summarize what is known about the structure and function of PNLIPRP2 and the levels of PNLIPRP2 and associated various pathological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoying Zhu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Putuo People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pediatrics Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Qing Fang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Putuo People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengshang Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongping Huang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Putuo People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changqing Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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