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Li Z, Liu J, Cui H, Qi W, Tong Y, Wang T. Astragalus membranaceus: A Review of Its Antitumor Effects on Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2024; 16:909-919. [PMID: 39081698 PMCID: PMC11287463 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s466633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The rising global morbidity and mortality rates of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) underscore the urgent need for more effective treatments. Current therapeutic modalities-including surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy-face several limitations. Recently, Astragalus membranaceus, a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has captured significant attention due to its broad pharmacological properties, such as immune regulation, anti-inflammatory effects, and the modulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and enzyme activities. This review delivers a comprehensive summary of the most recent advancements and ongoing applications of Astragalus membranaceus in NSCLC treatment, underlining its potential for integration into existing treatment protocols. It also highlights essential areas for future research, including the elucidation of its molecular mechanisms, optimization of dosage and administration, and evaluation of its efficacy and safety alongside standard therapies, all of which could potentially improve therapeutic outcomes for NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jimin Liu
- Department of Respiratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haishan Cui
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenlong Qi
- Department of Respiratory, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Tong
- Department of Respiratory, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tan Wang
- Department of Respiratory, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, People’s Republic of China
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Yang L, Chen Y, Liu K, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Li H. Investigating the immune mechanism of natural products in the treatment of lung cancer. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1289957. [PMID: 38420194 PMCID: PMC10899684 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1289957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
With the deepening of people's understanding of lung cancer, the research of lung cancer immunotherapy has gradually become the focus of attention. As we all know, the treatment of many diseases relies on the rich sources, complex and varied compositions and wide range of unique biological properties of natural products. Studies have shown that natural products can exert anticancer effects by inducing tumor cell death, inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, and enhancing tumor cell autophagy. More notably, natural products can adjust and strengthen the body's immune response, which includes enhancing the function of NK cells and promoting the differentiation and proliferation of T lymphocytes. In addition, these natural products may enhance their anticancer effects by affecting inhibitory factors in the immune system, hormone levels, enzymes involved in biotransformation, and modulating other factors in the tumor microenvironment. The importance of natural products in lung cancer immunotherapy should not be underestimated. However, the specific links and correlations between natural products and lung cancer immunity are not clear enough, and further studies are urgently needed to clarify the relationship between the two. In this paper, we will focus on the correlation between natural products and lung cancer immune responses, with a view to providing new research perspectives for immunotherapy of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Yang
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yukun Chen
- Department of Oncology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Kaile Liu
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhanxia Zhang
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hegen Li
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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He Z, Wang Y, Han L, Hu Y, Cong X. The mechanism and application of traditional Chinese medicine extracts in the treatment of lung cancer and other lung-related diseases. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1330518. [PMID: 38125887 PMCID: PMC10731464 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1330518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer stands as one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide, bearing the highest morbidity and mortality rates among all malignant tumors. The treatment of lung cancer primarily encompasses surgical procedures, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, which are fraught with significant side effects, unfavorable prognoses, and a heightened risk of metastasis and relapse. Although targeted therapy and immunotherapy have gradually gained prominence in lung cancer treatment, diversifying the array of available methods, the overall recovery and survival rates for lung cancer patients remain suboptimal. Presently, with a holistic approach and a focus on syndrome differentiation and treatment, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has emerged as a pivotal player in the prognosis of cancer patients. TCM possesses characteristics such as targeting multiple aspects, addressing a wide range of concerns, and minimizing toxic side effects. Research demonstrates that Traditional Chinese Medicine can significantly contribute to the treatment or serve as an adjunct to chemotherapy for lung cancer and other lung-related diseases. This is achieved through mechanisms like inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, inducing tumor cell apoptosis, suppressing tumor angiogenesis, influencing the cellular microenvironment, regulating immune system function, impacting signal transduction pathways, and reversing multidrug resistance in tumor cells. In this article, we offer an overview of the advancements in research concerning Traditional Chinese Medicine extracts for the treatment or adjunctive chemotherapy of lung cancer and other lung-related conditions. Furthermore, we delve into the challenges that Traditional Chinese Medicine extracts face in lung cancer treatment, laying the foundation for the development of diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenglin He
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yihan Wang
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Liang Han
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yue Hu
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Biobank, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xianling Cong
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Biobank, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Han X, Liang L, He C, Ren Q, Su J, Cao L, Zheng J. A real-world study and network pharmacology analysis of EGFR-TKIs combined with ZLJT to delay drug resistance in advanced lung adenocarcinoma. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:422. [PMID: 37990309 PMCID: PMC10664478 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04213-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the efficacy and safety of combining epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) with ZiLongJin Tablet (ZLJT) in delaying acquired resistance in advanced EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients. Furthermore, we employed network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques to investigate the underlying mechanisms. METHODS A retrospective comparative study was conducted on stage IIIc/IV LUAD patients treated with EGFR-TKIs alone or in combination with ZLJT at the Second Affiliated Hospital of the Air Force Medical University between January 1, 2017, and May 1, 2023. The study evaluated the onset of TKI resistance, adverse reaction rates, safety indicators (such as aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and creatinine), and inflammatory markers (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio) to investigate the impact of EGFR-TKI combined with ZLJT on acquired resistance and prognostic indicators. Additionally, we utilized the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform, the Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine, PubChem, UniProt, and Swiss Target Prediction databases to identify the active ingredients and targets of ZLJT. We obtained differentially expressed genes related to EGFR-TKI sensitivity and resistance from the Gene Expression Omnibus database using the GSE34228 dataset, which included sensitive (n = 26) and resistant (n = 26) PC9 cell lines. The "limma" package in R software was employed to detect DEGs. Based on this, we constructed a protein‒protein interaction network, performed gene ontology and KEGG enrichment analyses, and conducted pathway network analysis to elucidate the correlation between the active ingredients in ZLJT and signaling pathways. Finally, molecular docking was performed using AutoDockVina, PYMOL 2.2.0, and Discovery Studio Client v19.1.0 software to simulate spatial and energy matching during the recognition process between predicted targets and their corresponding compounds. RESULTS (1) A total of 89 patients were included, with 40 patients in the EGFR-TKI combined with ZLJT group (combination group) and 49 patients in the EGFR-TKI alone group (monotherapy group). The baseline characteristics of the two groups were comparable. There was a significant difference in the onset of resistance between the combination group and the monotherapy group (P < 0.01). Compared to the monotherapy group, the combination group showed a prolongation of 3.27 months in delayed acquired resistance. There was also a statistically significant difference in the onset of resistance to first-generation TKIs between the two groups (P < 0.05). (2) In terms of safety analysis, the incidence of adverse reactions related to EGFR-TKIs was 12.5% in the combination group and 14.3% in the monotherapy group, but this difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in serum AST, ALT, CREA, TBIL, ALB and BUN levels between the two groups after medication (P > 0.05). (3) Regarding inflammatory markers, there were no statistically significant differences in the changes in neutrophil-to-lymphocyte Ratio(NLR) and Platelet-to-lymphocyte Ratio(PLR) values before and after treatment between the two groups (P > 0.05). (4) Network pharmacology analysis identified 112 active ingredients and 290 target genes for ZLJT. From the GEO database, 2035 differentially expressed genes related to resistant LUAD were selected, and 39 target genes were obtained by taking the intersection. A "ZLJT-compound-target-disease" network was successfully constructed using Cytoscape 3.7.0. GO enrichment analysis revealed that ZLJT mainly affected biological processes such as adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor. In terms of cellular components, ZLJT was associated with the cell projection membrane. The molecular function primarily focused on protein heterodimerization activity. KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that ZLJT exerted its antitumor and anti-drug resistance effects through pathways such as the PI3K-Akt pathway. Molecular docking showed that luteolin had good binding activity with FOS (-9.8 kJ/mol), as did tanshinone IIA with FOS (-9.8 kJ/mol) and quercetin with FOS (-8.7 kJ/mol). CONCLUSION ZLJT has potential antitumor progression effects. For patients with EGFR gene-mutated non-small cell LUAD, combining ZLJT with EGFR-TKI treatment can delay the occurrence of acquired resistance. The underlying mechanisms may involve altering signal transduction pathways, blocking the tumor cell cycle, inhibiting tumor activity, enhancing cellular vitality, and improving the bioavailability of combination therapy. The combination of EGFR-TKI and ZLJT represents an effective approach for the treatment of tumors using both Chinese and Western medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Han
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Shiji Avenue, Xixian new area, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xinsi Avenue, Baqiao Area, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lan Liang
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Shiji Avenue, Xixian new area, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chenming He
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Shiji Avenue, Xixian new area, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qinyou Ren
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xinsi Avenue, Baqiao Area, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jialin Su
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xinsi Avenue, Baqiao Area, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liang Cao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xinsi Avenue, Baqiao Area, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jin Zheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xinsi Avenue, Baqiao Area, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Liu J, Chen L, Zhang J, Luo X, Tan Y, Qian S. AS-IV enhances the antitumor effects of propofol in NSCLC cells by inhibiting autophagy. Open Med (Wars) 2023; 18:20230799. [PMID: 37771421 PMCID: PMC10523104 DOI: 10.1515/med-2023-0799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most lethal malignant tumors. It has been shown that the general anesthetic agents, propofol and astragaloside IV (AS-IV) both exert antitumor effects in NSCLC. However, the effects of the combination of propofol with AS-IV in NSCLC remain unclear. Cell counting kit-8, and EdU and Transwell assays were performed to evaluate NSCLC cell viability, proliferation, and migration. Cell apoptosis and autophagy were observed by flow cytometric analysis and TUNEL and LC3 staining, respectively. AS-IV notably enhanced the anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, and anti-migratory properties of propofol in NSCLC cells. Moreover, AS-IV remarkably facilitated the anti-autophagy effect of propofol in NSCLC cells by downregulating LC3, Beclin 1, and ATG5. Significantly, the pro-apoptotic ability of the AS-IV/propofol combination in NSCLC cells was further enhanced by the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA, suggesting that autophagy plays a tumor-promoting role in NSCLC cells. Collectively, AS-IV could facilitate the antitumor abilities of propofol in NSCLC cells by inhibiting autophagy. These findings may be beneficial for future studies on the use of AS-IV and propofol for the treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Liu
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Long Chen
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), No. 158 Shangtang Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jialing Zhang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaopan Luo
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingyi Tan
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, Department of Nursing, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shaojie Qian
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Qin J, Li R, Ma H, Ding P, Yang Q, Hu L, Wu D, Xiong S. TCM monotherapy achieves significant efficacy in crizotinib-refractory advanced NSCLC with brain metastasis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34138. [PMID: 37478272 PMCID: PMC10662799 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE The morbidity and mortality of lung cancer rank the first among all kinds of cancer. In China, anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive pulmonary tumors account for nearly 5% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and these patients are quite likely to develop brain metastases, as high as around 45%. Although anaplastic lymphoma kinase-tyrosine kinase inhibitors crizotinib and alectinib have proved effective for controlling tumor metastases to the brain, drug resistance and disease progression cannot be ignored in the course of treatment. PATIENT CONCERNS Most of the literature reports that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has produced satisfactory results in the treatment of cancer patients as an adjuvant treatment for various malignancies in a 53-year-old male patient who developed advanced NSCLC with brain metastases. As first-line crizotinib and erlotinib treatments were ineffective and the intracranial lesions progressed extensively, the patient chose to receive TCM treatment alone in the hope of prolonging his life and improving his quality of life. DIAGNOSES A 53-year-old male patient who developed advanced NSCLC with brain metastasis. Because first-line crizotinib and alectinib have failed, and the intracranial lesions progressed in a large area. INTERVENTIONS The patient requested that the final therapeutic strategy be Chinese medicine as monotherapy for long-term treatment. The patient took 30 mL of the decoction 1 hour after a meal, 3 times a day. The patient was not treated with dehydrating agents or diuretics during the TCM treatment. OUTCOMES The improvement was obvious after 3 months of treatment, and significant reduction of cranial lesions. During the follow-up period, the patient developed neither severe liver damage nor kidney damage. LESSONS This case is the first 1 in the world where TCM was introduced as monotherapy for severe conditions with extensive brain metastases and achieved remarkable efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiqiu Qin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ru Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Ding
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lilai Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Deliu Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shaoquan Xiong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Wang YC, Hui JR, Xiao G, Ma QL. Mechanism of Key Ingredient of Astragalus membranaceus on Lung Adenocarcinoma via PI3K/AKT Signaling Clarified by Utilizing Network Pharmacology Approach and Experimental Validation. Chin J Integr Med 2023; 29:244-252. [PMID: 36044117 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-022-3681-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanism of the effect of Astragalus membranaceus (A. membranaceus) on lung adenocarcinoma at the molecular level to elucidate the specific targets according to the network pharmacology approach. METHODS The active components of A. membranaceus and their potential targets were collected from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database. Lung adenocarcinoma-associated genes were acquired based on GeneCards, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), PharmGKB, and Therapeutic Targets databases. The PI3K/AKT signaling pathway-related genes were obtained using Reactome portal. Networks of "ingredient-target" and "ingredient-target-pathway-disease" were constructed using the Cytoscape3.6.0 software. The relationships among targets were analyzed according protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Finally, molecular docking was applied to construct the binding conformation between active ingredients and core targets. Cell counting kit 8 (CCK8) and Western blot assays were performed to determine the mechanism of the key ingredient of A. membranaceus. RESULTS A total of 20 active components and their 329 targets, and 7,501 lung adenocarcinoma-related genes and 130 PI3K/AKT signaling pathway-related genes were obtained. According to Venn diagram and PPI network analysis, 2 mainly active ingredients, including kaempferol and quercetin, and 6 core targets, including TP53, MAPK1, EGF, AKT1, ERBB2, and EGFR, were identified. The two important active ingredients of A. membranaceus, kaempferol and quercetin, exert the therapeutic effect in lung adenocarcinoma partly by acting on the 6 core targets (TP53, MAPK1, EGF, AKT1, ERBB2, and EGFR) of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Expressions of potential targets in lung adenocarcinoma and normal samples were analyzed by using UALCAN portal and found that ERBB2 was overexpressed in lung adenocarcinoma tissues and upregulation of it correlated with clinicopathological characteristics. Finally, quercetin repressed viabilities of lung adenocarcinoma cells by targeting ERBB2 on PI3K/AKT signaling confirmed by CCK8 and Western blot. CONCLUSION Our finding unraveled that an active ingredient of A. membranaceus, quercetin, significantly inhibited the lung adenocarcinoma cells proliferation by repressing ERBB2 level and inactivating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chun Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China. .,Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, 712000, China.
| | - Jian-Rong Hui
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, 712046, China
| | - Gang Xiao
- First Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, 712000, China
| | - Qiao-Lin Ma
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, 712046, China
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Study on the Mechanism of Radix Astragali against Renal Aging Based on Network Pharmacology. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6987677. [PMID: 36561604 PMCID: PMC9767736 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6987677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Radix Astragali is widely used in the traditional Chinese medicine with the effect of antiaging. The purpose of this study is to explore the main active ingredients and targets of Radix Astragali against renal aging by network pharmacology and further to verify the mechanism of the main active ingredients in vitro. TCMSP, ETCM, and TCMID databases were used to screen active ingredients of Radix Astragali. Targets of active ingredients were predicted using BATMAN-TCM and cross validated using kidney aging-related genes obtained from GeneCards and NCBI database. Pathways enrichment and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis were performed on core targets. Additionally, a pharmacological network was constructed based on the active ingredients-targets-pathways. HK-2 cell was treated with D-galactose to generate a cell model of senescence. CCK-8 and β-galactosidase were used to detect the effect of Radix Astragali active components on cell proliferation and aging. ELISA was used to detect the expression of senescence-associated secreted protein (TGF-β and IL-6) in the cell culture supernatant. Western blot was used to detect the expression of key proteins in the SIRT1/p53 pathway. Five active ingredients (Astragaloside I, II, III, IV and choline) were identified from Radix Astragali, and all these active ingredients target a total of 128 genes. Enrichment analysis showed these genes were implicated in 153 KEGG pathways, including the p53, FoxO, and AMPK pathway. 117 proteins and 572 interactions were found in PPI network. TP53 and SIRT1 were two hub genes in PPI network, which interacted with each other. The pharmacological network showed that the five main active ingredients target on some coincident genes, including TP53 and SIRT1. These targeted genes were involved in the p53, FoxO, and AMPK pathway. Proliferation of HK-2 cells was increased by Astragaloside IV treatment compared with that of the D-Gal treatment group. However, the proliferation of the SA-β-gal positive cells were inhibited. The expression of TGF-β and IL-6 in the D-Gal group was higher than that in the normal group, and the treatment of Astragaloside IV could significantly reduce the expression of TGF-β and IL-6. The expression of SIRT1 in the Astragaloside IV group was higher than that in the D-Gal group. However, the expression of p53 and p21 was less in the Astragaloside IV group than that in the D-Gal group. This study suggested that Astragaloside IV is an important active ingredient of Radix Astragali in the treatment of kidney aging via the SITR1-p53 pathway.
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Angelica sinensis Polysaccharide and Astragalus membranaceus Polysaccharide Accelerate Liver Regeneration by Enhanced Glycolysis via Activation of JAK2/STAT3/HK2 Pathway. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227890. [PMID: 36431990 PMCID: PMC9695464 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The promotion of liver regeneration is crucial to avoid liver failure after hepatectomy. Angelica sinensis polysaccharide (ASP) and Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharide (AMP) have been identified as being associated with hepatoprotective effects. However, their roles and specific mechanisms in liver regeneration remain to be elucidated. In the present study, it suggested that the respective use of ASP or AMP strikingly promoted hepatocyte proliferation in vitro with a wide range of concentrations (from 12.5 μg/mL to 3200 μg/mL), and a stronger promoting effect was observed in combined interventions. A significantly enhanced liver/body weight ratio (4.20%) on day 7 and reduced serum transaminase (ALT 243.53 IU/L and AST 423.74 IU/L) and total bilirubin (52.61 IU/L) levels on day 3 were achieved by means of ASP-AMP administration after partial hepatectomy in mice. Metabonomics showed that differential metabolites were enriched in glycolysis with high expression of beta-d-fructose 6-phosphate and lactate, followed by significantly strengthened lactate secretion in the supernatant (0.54) and serum (0.43) normalized to control. Upon ASP-AMP treatment, the knockdown of hexokinase 2 (HK2) or inhibited glycolysis caused by 2-deoxy-d-glucose decreased hepatocyte proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, pathway analysis predicted the role of JAK2/STAT3 pathway in ASP-AMP-regulated liver regeneration, and phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3 was proven to be elevated in this promoting process. Finally, downregulated expression of HK2, an attenuated level of lactate secretion, and reduced hepatocyte proliferation were displayed when STAT3 was knocked out in vitro. Therefore, it can be concluded that ASP-AMP accelerated liver regeneration and exerted a hepatoprotective effect after hepatectomy, in which the JAK2/STAT3/HK2 pathway was actively involved in activating glycolysis.
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A review on plant polysaccharide based on drug delivery system for construction and application, with emphasis on traditional Chinese medicine polysaccharide. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 211:711-728. [PMID: 35588976 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrate polymers with unique chemical composition, molecular weight and functional chemical groups show multiple potentials in drug delivery. Most carbohydrate polymers such as plant polysaccharides exhibit advantages of biodegradability, ease of modification, low immunogenicity and low toxicity. They can be conjugated, cross-linked or functionally modified, and then used as nanocarrier materials. Polysaccharide drug delivery system can avoid the phagocytosis of the reticuloendothelial system, prevent the degradation of biomolecules, and increase the bioavailability of small molecules, thus exerting effective therapeutic effects. Therefore, they have been fully explored. In this paper, we reviewed the construction methods of drug delivery systems based on carbohydrate polymers (astragalus polysaccharide, angelica polysaccharide, lycium barbarum polysaccharide, ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide, bletilla polysaccharide, glycyrrhiza polysaccharide, and epimedium polysaccharides, etc). The application of polysaccharide drug delivery systems to deliver small molecule chemotherapeutic drugs, gene drugs, and metal ion drugs was also briefly introduced. At the same time, the role of the polysaccharide drug delivery system in tumor treatment, targeted therapy, and wound healing was discussed. In addition, the research of polysaccharide delivery systems based on the therapeutic efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine was also summarized and prospected.
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Bian Y, Wang G, Zhou J, Yin G, Liu T, Liang L, Yang X, Zhang W, Ni K, Tang D, Yu Y. Astragalus membranaceus (Huangqi) and Rhizoma curcumae (Ezhu) decoction suppresses colorectal cancer via downregulation of Wnt5/β-Catenin signal. Chin Med 2022; 17:11. [PMID: 34991661 PMCID: PMC8740427 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00564-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The decoction of Astragalus membranaceus (Huangqi) and Rhizoma curcumae (Ezhu) has been reported as a potential antitumor agent for colorectal cancer (CRC) in experimental and clinical studies, but its underlying mechanism is still unclear. Methods The current research aims to explore the potential of Astragalus membranaceus (Huangqi) and Rhizoma curcumae (Ezhu) decoction (AR decoction) in the treatment of CRC and explore the underlying mechanism. SW620 cells were transient transfection to overexpress or knock down wnt 5 or β-Catenin. Astragalus membranaceus (Huangqi) and Rhizoma curcumae (Ezhu) -containing serum (AR-CS) was used to interfere with SW620 cells. Additional AR-CS, Wnt5 inhibitor (IWP-4), and β-Catenin inhibitor (JW55) were used to intervene in SW620 cells. Furthermore, subcutaneously injection of SW620 cells into the right flank of nude mice replicated xenograft mice, which were treated with AR decoction for 21 days. Results AR-CS significantly reduced the mRNA and protein expression levels of Wnt5, β-Catenin, ARF6, and N-Cadherin in SW620 cells, while inhibiting the proliferation and migration of SW620 cells. In cells overexpressing Wnt5 or β-Catenin, these effects of AR-CS were significantly suppressed. On the contrary, the inhibitory effect of AR-CS on the mRNA and protein levels of ARF6 and N-Cadherin and cell proliferation and migration of SW620 was enhanced, when Wnt5 or β-Catenin were knocked down or suppressed by the inhibitors. Moreover, in the mouse model of xenograft tumors, AR decoction not only reduced the tumor volume and inhibited the mRNA levels and protein levels of Wnt5, β-Catenin, ARF6, and N-Cadherin in the tumor, but also inhibit the protein levels of LRP5, LRP6, TCF-4, and LEF1.The histopathology of mice also showed increased apoptosis in tumor tissues, and AR decoction treatment did not cause pathological damage to the kidney and liver. Conclusions Our results provide evidence that AR decoction inhibits Wnt5/β-catenin signaling and inhibits the development of CRC, which is a promising traditional medicine in the clinical treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Bian
- Laboratory Animal Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Center of Experimental Animals, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Gang Yin
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Tiantian Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Li Liang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xinyue Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Kexin Ni
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Decai Tang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Yun Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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12
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Liu H, Wang ZY, Zhou YC, Song W, Ali U, Sze DMY. Immunomodulation of Chinese Herbal Medicines on NK cell populations for cancer therapy: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 268:113561. [PMID: 33157222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Immunomodulation has become a crucial modality for cancer treatment. Chinese Herbal Medicines (CHMs) are expected as adjuvant therapy for immunomodulation against cancer, but face the key challenge of poor scientific evidence. Changes of natural killer (NK) cells on numbers and/or cytotoxicity are a novel respect to evaluate the immunomodulation of CHMs. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this review is to investigate the immunomodulation of Chinese Herbal Medicines (CHMs) on NK cell populations for cancer therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic review was conducted and outside mainstream electronic databases were screened for potential reference articles. This review tried to report and critically analyzed all the correlative studies, especially these clinical trials (3 CHM extracts and 11 CHM formulas). RESULTS Evidence-based functions of CHMs against cancer could be summarized as: (1) enhancement of NK cells activity or relative percentage; (2) prevention of tumor growth and metastasis; (3) relief on side-effects or complications of therapeutic strategies (i.e. chemotherapy, radiotherapy and resection). Briefly, most of cellular studies and two thirds animal studies were based on the extract or components of single herbs, whilst most of clinical trials were keen on formula or prescription of CHMs. The main components of CHMs were demonstrated active on promoting the cytotoxicity of NK cells, including Angelica sinensis, Ganoderma lucidum, Panax ginseng, Radix Astragali, Lentinus edodes, etc. CONCLUSIONS: This comprehensive review demonstrated NK cells activity was positively associated with quality of life but not survival benefit of cancer patients. Thus exploring the roles of NK cells in adjuvant therapy against cancer is confirmed to be beneficial to explore the underlying relationship between immunomodulation and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| | - Zi-Ying Wang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Development and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, And Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Yu-Cong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, And School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
| | - Usman Ali
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Daniel M-Y Sze
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.
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13
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Wang D, Chen W, Bi Q, Zong X, Ruan J, Yin X, Wang J, Zhang H, Ji X. Baoyuan Jiedu Decoction Alleviates Cancer-Induced Myotube Atrophy by Regulating Mitochondrial Dynamics Through p38 MAPK/PGC-1α Signaling Pathway. Front Oncol 2020; 10:523577. [PMID: 33102208 PMCID: PMC7556243 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.523577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome characterized by continuous body wasting and loss of skeletal muscle. Impaired mitochondria function is closely associated with muscle atrophy in cancer cachexia. Our previous study confirmed the effectiveness of Baoyuan Jiedu decoction (BJD) in inhibiting cancer-induced muscle atrophy in an in vivo model. However, little is known about its mechanisms in regulating mitochondria dysfunction. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic effect and action mechanisms of BJD against atrophy both in the Lewis-conditioned medium induced C2C12 myotube atrophy model and in a BALB/c mice xenograft model using mouse colon cancer C26 cells. The mitochondrial content was tested by 10-Non-ylacridine orange staining. Expressions of related proteins and mRNAs were detected by western blotting (WB) and qPCR, respectively. As a result, 18 major components were identified in BJD by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole (UHPLC-Q) Exactive analysis. As shown in the in vitro results, BJD treatment prevented prominent myotube atrophy and increased the myotube diameter of C2C12 cells. Besides, BJD treatment increased mitochondrial content and ATPase activity. Furthermore, the protein and mRNA expressions that were related to mitochondrial functions and generation such as cytochrome-c oxidase IV, Cytochrome C, nuclear respiratory factor 1, and mitochondrial transcription factor A were significantly increased in BJD treatment compared to the control group. The in vivo results showed that BJD treatment prevented body weight loss and improved the gastrocnemius index in cachexia mice. Moreover, the expressions of Atrogin-1 and muscle RING-finger protein-1 were decreased by BJD treatment. Mechanically, BJD increased the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1, and consistently, inhibited the expression of p38 MAPK and its phosphorylation both in vivo and in vitro. Taken together, this study identified that BJD effectively relieved cancer-induced myotube atrophy and provided a potential mechanism for BJD in regulating mitochondrial dynamics through p38 MAPK/PGC-1α signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delong Wang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiqiao Chen
- School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qianyu Bi
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Zong
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong, China
| | - Jiazhao Ruan
- School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiangjun Yin
- School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jixin Wang
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Honghua Zhang
- Medical College, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuming Ji
- School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
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14
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Wang L, Xu Z, Ling D, Li J, Wang Y, Shan T. The regulatory role of dietary factors in skeletal muscle development, regeneration and function. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:764-782. [PMID: 33021403 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1828812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle plays a crucial role in motor function, respiration, and whole-body energy homeostasis. How to regulate the development and function of skeletal muscle has become a hot research topic for improving lifestyle and extending life span. Numerous transcription factors and nutritional factors have been clarified are closely associated with the regulation of skeletal muscle development, regeneration and function. In this article, the roles of different dietary factors including green tea, quercetin, curcumin (CUR), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and resveratrol (RES) in regulating skeletal muscle development, muscle mass, muscle function, and muscle recovery have been summarized and discussed. We also reviewed the potential regulatory molecular mechanism of these factors. Based on the current findings, dietary factors may be used as a potential therapeutic agent to treat skeletal muscle dysfunction as well as its related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyi Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ziye Xu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
| | - Defeng Ling
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tizhong Shan
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
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15
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Lambrou GI, Hatziagapiou K, Vlahopoulos S. Inflammation and tissue homeostasis: the NF-κB system in physiology and malignant progression. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:4047-4063. [PMID: 32239468 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05410-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Disruption of tissue function activates cellular stress which triggers a number of mechanisms that protect the tissue from further damage. These mechanisms involve a number of homeostatic modules, which are regulated at the level of gene expression by the transactivator NF-κB. This transcription factor shifts between activation and repression of discrete, cell-dependent gene expression clusters. Some of its target genes provide feedback to NF-κB itself, thereby strengthening the inflammatory response of the tissue and later terminating inflammation to facilitate restoration of tissue homeostasis. Disruption of key feedback modules for NF-κB in certain cell types facilitates the survival of clones with genomic aberrations, and protects them from being recognized and eliminated by the immune system, to enable thereby carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- George I Lambrou
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Thivon & Levadeias 8, 11527, Goudi-Athens, Greece
| | - Kyriaki Hatziagapiou
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Thivon & Levadeias 8, 11527, Goudi-Athens, Greece
| | - Spiros Vlahopoulos
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Thivon & Levadeias 8, 11527, Goudi-Athens, Greece.
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