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Park SG, Jo IJ, Park SA, Park MC, Mun YJ. Poria cocos Extract from Mushrooms Stimulates Aquaporin-3 via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2022; 15:1919-1931. [PMID: 36133400 PMCID: PMC9484496 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s378545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Poria cocos (PC), a fungus, has been used for more than 2000 years as a food and medicine in China. PC and its components have various pharmacological effects on the skin, including immunomodulatory activities, barrier function improvement, and anti-tumor effects. However, the effect of PC in aquaporin-3 (AQP3) expression, which is essential for epidermal water permeability barrier maintenance, was not reported. Methods This study examined the mechanism through which the ethanol extract of the sclerotium of PC (EPC) promoted the expression of AQP3 in cultured human keratinocytes. Western blotting was used to investigate the expression of AQPs and the activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt-related signaling molecules in HaCaT cells. Cells were treated with inhibitors of PI3K/Akt and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) prior to EPC treatment. Results EPC promoted the expression of AQP3 in HaCaT cells without affecting AQP1 and AQP2 expression. Phosphorylated Akt levels were increased by EPC treatment, and the inhibition of PI3K by LY2940002 resulted in a reduction in EPC-induced AQP3 expression. Furthermore, EPC stimulated the phosphorylation of p70S6K and AktSer473, which are downstream targets of mTORC1 and mTORC2, respectively. The mTOR complex inhibitors, rapamycin and Torin 1, partially reduced EPC-induced AQP3 expression. Conclusion These results suggest that EPC increased expression of AQP3, which is important for skin moisturization, by activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in human keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Gu Park
- Department of Oriental Medical Ophthalmology & Otolaryngology & Dermatology, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Il-Joo Jo
- Central Stroke Center of Korean medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Seol-A Park
- Department of Beauty Design Graduate School, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Min-Cheol Park
- Department of Oriental Medical Ophthalmology & Otolaryngology & Dermatology, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Yeun-Ja Mun
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
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Ko CY, Chao J, Chen PY, Su SY, Maeda T, Lin CY, Chiang HC, Huang SS. Ethnobotanical Survey on Skin Whitening Prescriptions of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Taiwan. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:736370. [PMID: 34916932 PMCID: PMC8670535 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.736370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing interest and demand for skin whitening products globally, particularly in Asia, have necessitated rapid advances in research on skin whitening products used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Herein, we investigated 74 skin whitening prescriptions sold in TCM pharmacies in Taiwan. Commonly used medicinal materials were defined as those with a relative frequency of citation (RFC) > 0.2 and their characteristics were evaluated. Correlation analysis of commonly used medicinal materials was carried out to identify the core component of the medicinal materials. Of the purchased 74 skin whitening prescriptions, 36 were oral prescriptions, 37 were external prescriptions, and one prescription could be used as an oral or external prescription. After analysis, 90 traditional Chinese medicinal materials were obtained. The Apiaceae (10%; 13%) and Leguminosae (9%; 11%) were the main sources of oral and external medicinal materials, respectively. Oral skin whitening prescriptions were found to be mostly warm (46%) and sweet (53%), while external skin whitening prescriptions included cold (43%) and bitter (29%) medicinal materials. Additionally, mainly tonifying and replenishing effects of the materials were noted. Pharmacological analysis indicated that these medicinal materials may promote wound healing, treat inflammatory skin diseases, or anti-hyperpigmentation. According to the Spearman correlation analysis on interactions among medicinal materials with an RFC > 0.2 in the oral skin whitening prescriptions, Paeonia lactiflora Pall. (white) and Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. showed the highest correlation (confidence score = 0.93), followed by Ziziphus jujuba Mill. (red) and Astragalus propinquus Schischkin (confidence score = 0.91). Seven medicinal materials in external skin whitening prescriptions with an RFC > 0.2, were classified as Taiwan qī bái sàn (an herbal preparation), including Angelica dahurica (Hoffm.) Benth. & Hook. f. ex Franch. & Sav., Wolfiporia extensa (Peck) Ginns, Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Rchb. f., Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz., Ampelopsis japonica (Thunb.) Makino, Paeonia lactiflora Pall. (white), and Bombyx mori Linnaeus. Skin whitening prescriptions included multiple traditional Chinese medicinal materials. Despite the long history of use, there is a lack of studies concerning skin whitening products, possibly due to the complex composition of traditional Chinese medicine. Further studies are required to assess the efficacy and safety of these traditional Chinese medicinal materials for inclusion in effective, safe, and functional pharmacological products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Yu Ko
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jung Chao
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, Master Program for Food and Drug Safety, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Chen
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Yu Su
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tomoji Maeda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Saitama, Japan.,Tsuzuki Institute for Traditional Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Yu Lin
- Tsuzuki Institute for Traditional Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Che Chiang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Tsuzuki Institute for Traditional Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Shyun Huang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Tsuzuki Institute for Traditional Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Gong XP, Tang Y, Song YY, Du G, Li J. Comprehensive Review of Phytochemical Constituents, Pharmacological Properties, and Clinical Applications of Prunus mume. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:679378. [PMID: 34122104 PMCID: PMC8195681 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.679378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prunus mume is one of the most ancient medicinal herbs and health foods commonly used in Asian countries. It is widely used as a constituent of many medicinal preparations and as a food ingredient for its beneficial health effects. In this review, we retrieved reports from PubMed, embase, Scopus, and SciFinder databases, to collect extensive scientific evidence on the phytochemical constituents, pharmacological properties, and clinical applications of Prunus mume. The literature review revealed that approximately 192 compounds have been isolated from different parts of the plant, and their molecular structures have been identified. The pharmacological properties of the plant, including anti-diabetic, liver-protective, antitumor, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities, as well as their underlying mechanisms, have been clarified by in vitro and in vivo studies. Clinical studies, although very limited, have been highlighted in this review to provide a reference for further exploration on therapeutic applications of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Peng Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Song
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, China
| | - Guang Du
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Yang L, Zhao X. Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine for Acute Guillain-barré Syndrome Treatment. Transl Neurosci 2020; 11:38-47. [PMID: 32161685 PMCID: PMC7053400 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2020-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a worldwide demyelinating polyradiculopathy and polyneuropathy. Currently, there is no specific drug for GBS, and established treatment is generally based on immune-modulating treatment with plasma exchange or intravenous immunoglobulin in combination with supportive care. This study aimed to investigate the efficiency of integrated Chinese and Western medicine for acute GBS treatment. Methods We enrolled 73 subjects, and randomly divided them into two groups: 35 cases in the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) group, and 28 in the Control group. The Control group was treated with the common Western medicine for one month; and the TCM group was administrated with one month of common treatment combined with TCM medication. Results Compared to the controls, TCM significantly enhanced the treatment efficiency in symptom expression, including the TCM syndrome score, the activity of daily living score, Hughes functional score and sensory dysfunction assessment. The total effective rate of the TCM group was 94.29%, significantly better than controls (78.59%). Moreover, TCM provide better improvement in motor nerve conduction functions (distal motor latency and motor conduction velocity) and sensory nerve conduction functions (sensory conduction velocity and sensory nerve action potential) in median nerve, ulnar nerve, and common fibular nerve. Conclusion When combined with TCM administration, the GBS treatment could acquire better outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Shanghai Dunlu Biomedical Technology Co., Ltd. Shanghai, China
| | - Xiumin Zhao
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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