1
|
Metabolic and Nutritional Aspects in Paediatric Patients with Klinefelter Syndrome: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102107. [PMID: 35631248 PMCID: PMC9147015 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Klinefelter syndrome is the most common sex chromosomal aneuploidy in males. It is well known that patients with this syndrome have greater mortality and morbidity compared to the general population due to cardiovascular diseases and endocrine metabolism disorders. This augmented risk is due both to hypogonadism and to the syndrome itself. Therefore, correct hormonal replacement therapy and early primary prevention are crucial to these patients. Even though different studies are available on this topic in adult patients, only a few authors have focused on the paediatric population. Thus, in this narrative review, we report the current knowledge of metabolic and nutritional aspects in children with Klinefelter syndrome.
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu S, Yuan T, Song S, Chen S, Wang L, Fu Y, Dong Y, Tang Y, Zhao W. Glucose metabolic disorder in Klinefelter syndrome: a retrospective analysis in a single Chinese hospital and literature review. BMC Endocr Disord 2021; 21:239. [PMID: 34852815 PMCID: PMC8638221 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-021-00893-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and islet β-cell function in patients with Klinefelter syndrome (KS) and hyperglycemia. METHODS This is a retrospective study. In total, 22 patients diagnosed with KS were identified from the electronic medical record system, including 9 patients with hyperglycemia (total patients with hyperglycemia, THG-KS group) and 5 hyperglycemic KS patients with oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results (HG-KS group). An additional 5 subjects with hyperglycemia and 5 normal glucose tolerance (NGT) subjects matched based on body mass index were included as the HG group and NGT group, respectively. Data from clinical and laboratory examinations were collected. We further performed a literature review of KS and hyperglycemia. RESULTS We found that KS patients developed abnormal glucose metabolism earlier in life than those without KS, and the median age was 17 years, ranging from 10 years to 19 years. Six of 17 (35.3%) patients were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus and 3 of 17 (17.6%) patients were diagnosed with prediabetes. Among 10 patients with both fasting blood glucose and insulin results recorded, there were 8 out of 17 (47.1%) KS patients had insulin resistance. The prevalence of hypertension and dyslipidemia was higher in patients with hyperglycemia and KS than in patients with NGT KS. Compared with the HG group, insulin sensitivity levels were lower in HG-KS group, whereas homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function levels (p = 0.047) were significantly, indicating higher insulin secretion levels in the HG-KS group. CONCLUSIONS KS patients develop hyperglycemia earlier in life than those without KS and show lower insulin sensitivity and higher insulin secretion. These patients also have a higher prevalence of other metabolic diseases and may have different frequencies of developing KS-related symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shixuan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 0086 100730, China
| | - Tao Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 0086 100730, China.
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1 Shuaifuyuan Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 0086 100730, China.
| | - Shuoning Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 0086 100730, China
| | - Shi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 0086 100730, China
| | - Linjie Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 0086 100730, China
| | - Yong Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 0086 100730, China
| | - Yingyue Dong
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 0086 100730, China
| | - Yan Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1 Shuaifuyuan Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 0086 100730, China
| | - Weigang Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 0086 100730, China.
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1 Shuaifuyuan Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 0086 100730, China.
| |
Collapse
|