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Inia JA, Stokman G, Pieterman EJ, Morrison MC, Menke AL, Verschuren L, Caspers MPM, Giera M, Jukema JW, van den Hoek AM, Princen HMG. Atorvastatin Attenuates Diet-Induced Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis in APOE*3-Leiden Mice by Reducing Hepatic Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097818. [PMID: 37175538 PMCID: PMC10178767 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with metabolic syndrome are often prescribed statins to prevent the development of cardiovascular disease. Conversely, data on their effects on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are lacking. We evaluated these effects by feeding APOE*3-Leiden mice a Western-type diet (WTD) with or without atorvastatin to induce NASH and hepatic fibrosis. Besides the well-known plasma cholesterol lowering (-30%) and anti-atherogenic effects (severe lesion size -48%), atorvastatin significantly reduced hepatic steatosis (-22%), the number of aggregated inflammatory cells in the liver (-80%) and hepatic fibrosis (-92%) compared to WTD-fed mice. Furthermore, atorvastatin-treated mice showed less immunohistochemically stained areas of inflammation markers. Atorvastatin prevented accumulation of free cholesterol in the form of cholesterol crystals (-78%). Cholesterol crystals are potent inducers of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and atorvastatin prevented its activation, which resulted in reduced expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β (-61%) and IL-18 (-26%). Transcriptome analysis confirmed strong reducing effects of atorvastatin on inflammatory mediators, including NLRP3, NFκB and TLR4. The present study demonstrates that atorvastatin reduces hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis and prevents cholesterol crystal formation, thereby precluding NLRP3 inflammasome activation. This may render atorvastatin treatment as an attractive approach to reduce NAFLD and prevent progression into NASH in dyslipidemic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Inia
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Geurt Stokman
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Elsbet J Pieterman
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martine C Morrison
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Aswin L Menke
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lars Verschuren
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martien P M Caspers
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Giera
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, 3511 EP Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anita M van den Hoek
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hans M G Princen
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
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2
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van Gemert Y, Blom AB, Di Ceglie I, Walgreen B, Helsen M, Sloetjes A, Vogl T, Roth J, Kruisbergen NNL, Pieterman EJ, Princen HMG, van der Kraan PM, van Lent PLEM, van den Bosch MHJ. Intensive cholesterol-lowering treatment reduces synovial inflammation during early collagenase-induced osteoarthritis, but not pathology at end-stage disease in female dyslipidemic E3L.CETP mice. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2023:S1063-4584(23)00703-3. [PMID: 36898656 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2023.01.577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and osteoarthritis (OA) development has become increasingly recognized. In this context, the exact role of cholesterol and cholesterol-lowering therapies in OA development has remained elusive. Recently, we did not observe beneficial effects of intensive cholesterol-lowering treatments on spontaneous OA development in E3L.CETP mice. We postulated that in the presence of local inflammation caused by a joint lesion, cholesterol-lowering therapies may ameliorate OA pathology. MATERIALS AND METHODS Female ApoE3∗Leiden.CETP mice were fed a cholesterol-supplemented Western type diet. After 3 weeks, half of the mice received intensive cholesterol-lowering treatment consisting of atorvastatin and the anti-PCSK9 antibody alirocumab. Three weeks after the start of the treatment, OA was induced via intra-articular injections of collagenase. Serum levels of cholesterol and triglycerides were monitored throughout the study. Knee joints were analyzed for synovial inflammation, cartilage degeneration, subchondral bone sclerosis and ectopic bone formation using histology. Inflammatory cytokines were determined in serum and synovial washouts. RESULTS Cholesterol-lowering treatment strongly reduced serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Mice receiving cholesterol-lowering treatment showed a significant reduction in synovial inflammation (P = 0.008, WTD: 95% CI: 1.4- 2.3; WTD + AA: 95% CI: 0.8- 1.5) and synovial lining thickness (WTD: 95% CI: 3.0-4.6, WTD + AA: 95% CI: 2.1-3.2) during early-stage collagenase-induced OA. Serum levels of S100A8/A9, MCP-1 and KC were significantly reduced after cholesterol-lowering treatment (P = 0.0005, 95% CI: -46.0 to -12.0; P = 2.8 × 10-10, 95% CI: -398.3 to -152.1; P = 2.1 × 10-9, -66.8 to -30.4, respectively). However, this reduction did not reduce OA pathology, determined by ectopic bone formation, subchondral bone sclerosis and cartilage damage at end-stage disease. CONCLUSION This study shows that intensive cholesterol-lowering treatment reduces joint inflammation after induction of collagenase-induced OA, but this did not reduce end stage pathology in female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y van Gemert
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - A B Blom
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - I Di Ceglie
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - B Walgreen
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - M Helsen
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - A Sloetjes
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - T Vogl
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Germany
| | - J Roth
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Germany
| | - N N L Kruisbergen
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - E J Pieterman
- Metabolic Health Research, TNO, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - H M G Princen
- Metabolic Health Research, TNO, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - P M van der Kraan
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - P L E M van Lent
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - M H J van den Bosch
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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van Gemert Y, Kruisbergen NNL, Blom AB, van den Bosch MHJ, van der Kraan PM, Pieterman EJ, Princen HMG, van Lent PLEM. IL-1β inhibition combined with cholesterol-lowering therapies decreases synovial lining thickness and spontaneous cartilage degeneration in a humanized dyslipidemia mouse model. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2023; 31:340-350. [PMID: 36442605 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2022.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Both systemic inflammation and dyslipidemia contribute to osteoarthritis (OA) development and have been suggested as a possible link between metabolic disease and OA development. Recently, the CANTOS trial showed a reduction in knee and hip replacements after inhibition of IL-1β in patients with a history of cardiovascular disease and high inflammatory risk. In this light, we investigated whether inhibition of IL-1β combined with cholesterol-lowering therapies can reduce OA development in dyslipidemic APOE∗3Leiden mice under pro-inflammatory dietary conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Female ApoE3∗Leiden mice were fed a cholesterol-supplemented Western-Type diet (WTD) for 38 weeks. After 14 weeks, cholesterol-lowering and anti-inflammatory treatments were started. Treatments included atorvastatin alone or with an anti-IL1β antibody, and atorvastatin combined with proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitor alirocumab without or with the anti-IL1β antibody. Knee joints were analyzed for cartilage degradation, synovial inflammation and ectopic bone formation using histology at end point. RESULTS Cholesterol-lowering treatment successfully decreased systemic inflammation in dyslipidemic mice, which was not further affected by inhibition of IL-1β. Synovial thickening and cartilage degeneration were significantly decreased in mice that received cholesterol-lowering treatment combined with inhibition of IL-1β (P < 0.01, P < 0.05, respectively) compared to mice fed a WTD alone. Ectopic bone formation was comparable between all groups. CONCLUSION These results indicate that inhibition of IL-1β combined with cholesterol-lowering therapy diminishes synovial thickening and cartilage degeneration in mice and may imply that this combination therapy could be beneficial in patients with metabolic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y van Gemert
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - N N L Kruisbergen
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - A B Blom
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - M H J van den Bosch
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - P M van der Kraan
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - E J Pieterman
- Metabolic Health Research, TNO, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - H M G Princen
- Metabolic Health Research, TNO, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - P L E M van Lent
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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Chua D, Low ZS, Cheam GX, Ng AS, Tan NS. Utility of Human Relevant Preclinical Animal Models in Navigating NAFLD to MAFLD Paradigm. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314762. [PMID: 36499091 PMCID: PMC9737809 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver disease is an emerging contributor to disease burden worldwide. The past decades of work established the heterogeneous nature of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) etiology and systemic contributions to the pathogenesis of the disease. This called for the proposal of a redefinition in 2020 to that of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) to better reflect the current understanding of the disease. To date, several clinical cohort studies comparing NAFLD and MAFLD hint at the relevancy of the new nomenclature in enriching for patients with more severe hepatic injury and extrahepatic comorbidities. However, the underlying systemic pathogenesis is still not fully understood. Preclinical animal models have been imperative in elucidating key biological mechanisms in various contexts, including intrahepatic disease progression, interorgan crosstalk and systemic dysregulation. Furthermore, they are integral in developing novel therapeutics against MAFLD. However, substantial contextual variabilities exist across different models due to the lack of standardization in several aspects. As such, it is crucial to understand the strengths and weaknesses of existing models to better align them to the human condition. In this review, we consolidate the implications arising from the change in nomenclature and summarize MAFLD pathogenesis. Subsequently, we provide an updated evaluation of existing MAFLD preclinical models in alignment with the new definitions and perspectives to improve their translational relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Chua
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (N.S.T.); Tel.: +65-63162941 (N.S.T.); Fax: +65-67913856 (N.S.T.)
| | - Zun Siong Low
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Guo Xiang Cheam
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Aik Seng Ng
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Nguan Soon Tan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (N.S.T.); Tel.: +65-63162941 (N.S.T.); Fax: +65-67913856 (N.S.T.)
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Pieterman EJ, Princen HMG, Jarke A, Nilsson R, Cavallin A, Bergenholm L, Henricsson M, Gopaul VS, Agrawal R, Nissen SE, Hurt-Camejo E. Chronic Oral Administration of Mineral Oil Compared With Corn Oil: Effects on Gut Permeability and Plasma Inflammatory and Lipid Biomarkers. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:681455. [PMID: 34483899 PMCID: PMC8415260 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.681455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of chronic oral administration of mineral oil, versus corn oil as control, on intestinal permeability, inflammatory markers, and plasma lipids in APOE*3-Leiden.CETP mice. Mice received mineral oil or corn oil 15 or 30 μL/mouse/day for 16 weeks (15 mice/group). Intestinal permeability was increased with mineral versus corn oil 30 µL/day, shown by increased mean plasma FITC-dextran concentrations 2 h post-administration (11 weeks: 1.5 versus 1.1 μg/ml, p = 0.02; 15 weeks: 1.7 versus 1.3 μg/ml, p = 0.08). Mean plasma lipopolysaccharide-binding protein levels were raised with mineral versus corn oil 30 µL/day (12 weeks: 5.8 versus 4.4 μg/ml, p = 0.03; 16 weeks: 5.8 versus 4.5 μg/ml, p = 0.09), indicating increased intestinal bacterial endotoxin absorption and potential pro-inflammatory effects. Plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were decreased with mineral oil, without affecting liver lipids among treated groups. Fecal neutral sterol measurements indicated increased fecal cholesterol excretion with mineral oil 30 µL/day (+16%; p = 0.04). Chronic oral administration of mineral oil in APOE*3-Leiden.CETP mice increased intestinal permeability, with potential pro-inflammatory effects, and decreased plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Our findings may raise concerns about the use of mineral oil as a placebo in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsbet J Pieterman
- The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Metabolic Health Research, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Hans M G Princen
- The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Metabolic Health Research, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Annica Jarke
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ralf Nilsson
- Early Cardiovascular Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Cavallin
- Early Cardiovascular Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Linnéa Bergenholm
- Early Cardiovascular Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marcus Henricsson
- Early Cardiovascular Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - V Sashi Gopaul
- Early Cardiovascular Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rahul Agrawal
- Global Cardiovascular Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Steven E Nissen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cleveland Clinic Coordinating Center for Clinical Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Eva Hurt-Camejo
- Early Cardiovascular Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Olga L, van Diepen J, Bobeldijk-Pastorova I, Gross G, Prentice P, Snowden S, Furse S, Kooistra T, Hughes I, Schoemaker M, van Tol E, van Duyvenvoorde W, Wielinga P, Ong K, Dunger D, Kleemann R, Koulman A. Lipid ratios representing SCD1, FADS1, and FADS2 activities as candidate biomarkers of early growth and adiposity. EBioMedicine 2021; 63:103198. [PMID: 33421943 PMCID: PMC7806876 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.103198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered lipid metabolism in early life has been associated with subsequent weight gain and predicting this could aid in obesity prevention and risk management. Here, a lipidomic approach was used to identify circulating markers for future obesity risk in translational murine models and validate in a human infant cohort. METHODS Lipidomics was performed on the plasma of APOE*3 Leiden, Ldlr-/-.Leiden, and the wild-type C57BL/6J mice to capture candidate biomarkers predicting subsequent obesity parameters after exposure to high-fat diet. The identified candidate biomarkers were mapped onto corresponding lipid metabolism pathways and were investigated in the Cambridge Baby Growth Study. Infants' growth and adiposity were measured at 0-24 months. Capillary dried blood spots were sampled at 3 months for lipid profiling analysis. FINDINGS From the mouse models, cholesteryl esters were correlated with subsequent weight gain and other obesity parameters after HFD period (Spearman's r≥0.5, FDR p values <0.05) among APOE*3 Leiden and Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice, but not among the wild-type C57BL/6J. Pathway analysis showed that those identified cholesteryl esters were educts or products of desaturases activities: stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) and fatty acid desaturase (FADS) 1 and 2. In the human cohort, lipid ratios affected by SCD1 at 3 months was inversely associated with 3-12 months weight gain (B±SE=-0.31±0.14, p=0.027), but positively with 12-24 months weight and adiposity gains (0.17±0.07, p=0.02 and 0.17±0.07, 0.53±0.26, p=0.04, respectively). Lipid ratios affected by SCD1 and FADS2 were inversely associated with adiposity gain but positively with height gain between 3-12 months. INTERPRETATION From murine models to human setting, the ratios of circulating lipid species indicating key desaturase activities in lipid metabolism were associated with subsequent body size increase, providing a potential tool to predict early life weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Olga
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - J.A. van Diepen
- Mead Johnson Pediatric Nutrition Institute, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - I. Bobeldijk-Pastorova
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - G. Gross
- Mead Johnson Pediatric Nutrition Institute, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - P.M. Prentice
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - S.G. Snowden
- Core Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - S. Furse
- Core Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - T. Kooistra
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - I.A. Hughes
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - M.H. Schoemaker
- Mead Johnson Pediatric Nutrition Institute, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - E.A.F. van Tol
- Mead Johnson Pediatric Nutrition Institute, Nijmegen, the Netherlands,Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - W. van Duyvenvoorde
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - P.Y. Wielinga
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - K.K. Ong
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, NIHR Cambridge Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories’ or (IMS-MRL), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - D.B. Dunger
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories’ or (IMS-MRL), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - R. Kleemann
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, The Netherlands,Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A. Koulman
- Core Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK,MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, NIHR Cambridge Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories’ or (IMS-MRL), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Corresponding author: Dr Albert Koulman, Scientific Director of the NIHR BRC Core Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine Cambridge Biomedical Campus Cambridge CB2 0QQ United Kingdom. Telephone: +44 (0)1223 336792+44 (0)1223 336792+44 (0)1223 336792
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Schilperoort M, van den Berg R, Coomans CP, Khedoe PPSJ, Ramkisoensing A, Boekestijn S, Wang Y, Berbée JFP, Meijer JH, Biermasz NR, Rensen PCN, Kooijman S. Continuous Light Does Not Affect Atherosclerosis in APOE*3-Leiden.CETP Mice. J Biol Rhythms 2020; 35:598-611. [PMID: 32915671 PMCID: PMC7683885 DOI: 10.1177/0748730420951320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Artificial light exposure is associated with dyslipidemia in humans, which is a major risk factor for the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. However, it remains unclear whether artificial light at night can exacerbate atherosclerosis. In this study, we exposed female APOE*3-Leiden.CETP mice, a well-established model for human-like lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis, to either a regular light-dark cycle or to constant bright light for 14 weeks. Mice exposed to constant light demonstrated a minor reduction in food intake, without any effect on body weight, body composition, or the weight of metabolic organs. Constant light increased the plasma levels of proatherogenic non–high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol but did not increase the size or severity of atherosclerotic lesions in the aortic root. Mice exposed to constant light did show lower immune cell counts, which could explain the absence of an effect of atherosclerosis despite increased non–HDL cholesterol levels. Behavioral analysis demonstrated variability in the response of mice to the light intervention. Constant light completely blunted behavioral rhythms in some mice, while others extended their behavioral period. However, rhythm strength was not an important determinant of atherosclerosis. Altogether, these results demonstrate that constant bright light does not affect atherosclerosis in APOE*3-Leiden.CETP mice. Whether artificial light exposure contributes to cardiovascular disease risk in humans remains to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike Schilperoort
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Rosa van den Berg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Claudia P Coomans
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Division of Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Padmini P S J Khedoe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ashna Ramkisoensing
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Division of Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sanne Boekestijn
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jimmy F P Berbée
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Johanna H Meijer
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Division of Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Nienke R Biermasz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Sander Kooijman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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8
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Pouwer MG, Pieterman EJ, Worms N, Keijzer N, Jukema JW, Gromada J, Gusarova V, Princen HMG. Alirocumab, evinacumab, and atorvastatin triple therapy regresses plaque lesions and improves lesion composition in mice. J Lipid Res 2019; 61:365-375. [PMID: 31843957 PMCID: PMC7053846 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra119000419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis-related CVD causes nearly 20 million deaths annually. Most patients are treated after plaques develop, so therapies must regress existing lesions. Current therapies reduce plaque volume, but targeting all apoB-containing lipoproteins with intensive combinations that include alirocumab or evinacumab, monoclonal antibodies against cholesterol-regulating proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 and angiopoietin-like protein 3, may provide more benefit. We investigated the effect of such lipid-lowering interventions on atherosclerosis in APOE*3-Leiden.CETP mice, a well-established model for hyperlipidemia. Mice were fed a Western-type diet for 13 weeks and thereafter matched into a baseline group (euthanized at 13 weeks) and five groups that received diet alone (control) or with treatment [atorvastatin; atorvastatin and alirocumab; atorvastatin and evinacumab; or atorvastatin, alirocumab, and evinacumab (triple therapy)] for 25 weeks. We measured effects on cholesterol levels, plaque composition and morphology, monocyte adherence, and macrophage proliferation. All interventions reduced plasma total cholesterol (37% with atorvastatin to 80% with triple treatment; all P < 0.001). Triple treatment decreased non-HDL-C to 1.0 mmol/l (91% difference from control; P < 0.001). Atorvastatin reduced atherosclerosis progression by 28% versus control (P < 0.001); double treatment completely blocked progression and diminished lesion severity. Triple treatment regressed lesion size versus baseline in the thoracic aorta by 50% and the aortic root by 36% (both P < 0.05 vs. baseline), decreased macrophage accumulation through reduced proliferation, and abated lesion severity. Thus, high-intensive cholesterol-lowering triple treatment targeting all apoB-containing lipoproteins regresses atherosclerotic lesion area and improves lesion composition in mice, making it a promising potential approach for treating atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne G Pouwer
- Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization of Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Gaubius Laboratory, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Cardiology Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Elsbet J Pieterman
- Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization of Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Gaubius Laboratory, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole Worms
- Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization of Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Gaubius Laboratory, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nanda Keijzer
- Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization of Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Gaubius Laboratory, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Hans M G Princen
- Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization of Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Gaubius Laboratory, Leiden, The Netherlands
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