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Zhan Y, Qian A, Gao J, Ma S, Deng P, Yang H, Zhang X, Li J. Enhancing clinical safety in bioengineered-root regeneration: The use of animal component-free medium. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34173. [PMID: 39092243 PMCID: PMC11292241 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Most studies used animal serum-containing medium for bioengineered-root regeneration, but ethical and safety issues raised by animal serum are a potentially significant risk for clinical use. Thus, this study aimed to find a safer method for bioengineered-root regeneration. Methods The biological properties of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) cultured in animal component-free (ACF) medium or serum-containing medium (5%, 10% serum-containing medium, SCM) were compared in vitro. hDPSCs were cultured in a three-dimensional (3D) environment with human-treated dentin matrix (hTDM). The capacity for odontogenesis was compared using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and Western blot. Subsequently, the hDPSCs/hTDM complexes were transplanted into nude mice subcutaneously. Histological staining was then used to verify the regeneration effect in vivo. Results ACF medium promoted the migration of hDPSCs, but slightly inhibited the proliferation of hDPSCs in the first three days of culture compared to SCM. However, it had no significant effect on cell aging and apoptosis. After 7 days of 3D culture in ACF medium with hTDM, qPCR showed that DMP1, DSPP, OCN, RUNX2, and β-tubulin III were highly expressed in hDPSCs. In addition, 3D cultured hDPSCs/hTDM complexes in ACF medium regenerated dentin, pulp, and periodontal ligament-like tissues similar to SCM groups in vivo. Conclusion ACF medium was proved to be an alternative medium for bioengineered-root regeneration. The strategy of using ACF medium to regenerate bioengineered-root can improve clinical safety for tooth tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Zhan
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Aizhuo Qian
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jieya Gao
- Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention, The Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiyong Ma
- Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention, The Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pingmeng Deng
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hefeng Yang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Uthanaphun T, Manochantr S, Tantrawatpan C, Tantikanlayaporn D, Kheolamai P. PL-hMSC and CH-hMSC derived soluble factors inhibit proliferation but improve hGBM cell migration by activating TGF-β and inhibiting Wnt signaling. Biosci Rep 2024; 44:BSR20231964. [PMID: 38687607 PMCID: PMC11130542 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20231964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most common and aggressive brain tumors. GBM resists most chemotherapeutic agents, resulting in a high mortality rate in patients. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), which are parts of the cancer stroma, have been shown to be involved in the development and progression of GBM. However, different sources of hMSCs might affect GBM cells differently. In the present study, we established hMSCs from placenta (PL-hMSC) and chorion (CH-hMSC) to study the effects of their released soluble factors on the proliferation, migration, invasion, gene expression, and survival of human GBM cells, U251. We found that the soluble factors derived from CH-hMSCs and PL-hMSCs suppressed the proliferation of U251 cells in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, soluble factors derived from both hMSC sources increased U251 migration without affecting their invasive property. The soluble factors derived from these hMSCs decreased the expression levels of CyclinD1, E2Fs and MYC genes that promote GBM cell proliferation but increased the expression level of TWIST gene, which promotes EMT and GBM cell migration. The functional study suggests that both hMSCs might exert their effects, at least in part, by activating TGF-β and suppressing Wnt/β-catenin signaling in U251 cells. Our study provides a better understanding of the interaction between GBM cells and gestational tissue-derived hMSCs. This knowledge might be used to develop safer and more effective stem cell therapy that improves the survival and quality of life of patients with GBM by manipulating the interaction between hMSCs and GBM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanawat Uthanaphun
- Master of Science Program in Stem Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Sirikul Manochantr
- Center of Excellence in Stem Cell Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
- Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Chairat Tantrawatpan
- Center of Excellence in Stem Cell Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
- Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Duangrat Tantikanlayaporn
- Center of Excellence in Stem Cell Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
- Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Pakpoom Kheolamai
- Center of Excellence in Stem Cell Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
- Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
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Sirithammajak S, Manochantr S, Tantrawatpan C, Tantikanlayaporn D, Kheolamai P. Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from the Placenta and Chorion Suppress the Proliferation while Enhancing the Migration of Human Breast Cancer Cells. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:4020845. [PMID: 36406002 PMCID: PMC9674426 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4020845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy among women, resulting from abnormal proliferation of mammary epithelial cells. The highly vascularized nature of breast tissue leads to a high incidence of breast cancer metastases, resulting in a poor survival rate. Previous studies suggest that human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) play essential roles in the growth, metastasis, and drug responses of many cancers, including breast cancer. However, hMSCs from different sources may release different combinations of cytokines that affect breast cancer differently. METHODS In this study, we have isolated hMSCs from the placenta (PL-hMSCs) and the chorion (CH-hMSCs) and determined how these hMSCs affect the proliferation, migration, invasion, and gene expression of two human breast cancer cells, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, as well as the possible mechanisms underlying those effects. RESULTS The results showed that the soluble factors derived from PL-hMSCs and CH-hMSCs inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells but increased the migration of MDA-MB-231 cells. The study of gene expression showed that PL-hMSCs and CH-hMSCs downregulated the expression levels of the protooncogene CyclinD1 while upregulating the expression levels of tumor suppressor genes, P16 and P21 in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Furthermore, hMSCs from both sources also increased the expression levels of MYC, SNAI1, and TWIST, which promote the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and migration of breast cancer cells in both cell lines. The functional study suggests that the suppressive effect of CH-hMSCs and PL-hMSCs on MCF-7 and MDA-MB231 cell proliferation was mediated, at least in part, through IFN-γ. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that CH-hMSCs and PL-hMSCs inhibited breast cancer cell proliferation by negatively regulating CYCLIND1 expression and upregulating the expression of the P16 and P21 genes. In contrast, hMSCs from both sources enhanced breast cancer cell migration, possibly by increasing the expression of MYC, SNAI1, and TWIST genes in those cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarawut Sirithammajak
- Center of Excellence in Stem Cell Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Sirikul Manochantr
- Center of Excellence in Stem Cell Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
- Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Chairat Tantrawatpan
- Center of Excellence in Stem Cell Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
- Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Duangrat Tantikanlayaporn
- Center of Excellence in Stem Cell Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
- Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Pakpoom Kheolamai
- Center of Excellence in Stem Cell Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
- Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
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Xiang Z, Hua M, Hao Z, Biao H, Zhu C, Zhai G, Wu J. The Roles of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Gastrointestinal Cancers. Front Immunol 2022; 13:844001. [PMID: 35281017 PMCID: PMC8907448 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.844001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were reported to have strong immunomodulatory ability, and inhibit the proliferation of T cells and their immune response through cell-to-cell interactions and the generation of cytokines. With high differentiation potential and self-renewal ability, MSCs are considered to function in alleviating inflammatory responses, promoting tissue regeneration and inhibiting tissue fibrosis formation. As the most common malignancies, gastrointestinal (GI) cancers have high incidence and mortality. The accurate diagnosis, exact prognosis and treatment of GI cancers have always been a hot topic. Therefore, the potential applications of MSCs in terms of GI cancers are receiving more and more attention. Recently, there is increasing evidence that MSCs may serve as a key point in the growth, metastasis, inhibition, treatment and prognosis of GI cancers. In this review, we summarized the roles of MSCs in GI cancers, mainly focusing on esophageal cancer (EC), gastric cancer (GC), liver cancer (LC), colorectal cancer (CRC) and pancreatic cancer. Besides, we proposed MSCs as potential targets and treatment strategies for the effective treatment of GI cancers, which may provide better guidance for the clinical treatment of GI cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Xiang
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Menglu Hua
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhou Hao
- Affiliated Hangzhou Chest Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huang Biao
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaojie Zhu
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guanghua Zhai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
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Zhao G, Ge Y, Zhang C, Zhang L, Xu J, Qi L, Li W. Progress of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Tissue Repair. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:2022-2037. [PMID: 32310043 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200420144805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a kind of adult stem cells with self-replication and multidirectional differentiation, which can differentiate into tissue-specific cells under physiological conditions, maintaining tissue self-renewal and physiological functions. They play a role in the pathological condition by lateral differentiation into tissue-specific cells, replacing damaged tissue cells by playing the role of a regenerative medicine , or repairing damaged tissues through angiogenesis, thereby, regulating immune responses, inflammatory responses, and inhibiting apoptosis. It has become an important seed cell for tissue repair and organ reconstruction, and cell therapy based on MSCs has been widely used clinically. The study found that the probability of stem cells migrating to the damaged area after transplantation or differentiating into damaged cells is very low, so the researchers believe the leading role of stem cell transplantation for tissue repair is paracrine secretion, secreting growth factors, cytokines or other components. Exosomes are biologically active small vesicles secreted by MSCs. Recent studies have shown that they can transfer functional proteins, RNA, microRNAs, and lncRNAs between cells, and greatly reduce the immune response. Under the premise of promoting proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis, they play a repair role in tissue damage, which is caused by a variety of diseases. In this paper, the biological characteristics of exosomes (MSCs-exosomes) derived from mesenchymal stem cells, intercellular transport mechanisms, and their research progress in the field of stem cell therapy are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guifang Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, China.,Qingyuan People's Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan 511518, Guangzhou Province, China
| | - Yiwen Ge
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Chenyingnan Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Leyi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Junjie Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Ling Qi
- Qingyuan People's Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan 511518, Guangzhou Province, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pathophysiology, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Wenliang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, China
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Indirect co-culture of lung carcinoma cells with hyperthermia-treated mesenchymal stem cells influences tumor spheroid growth in a collagen-based 3-dimensional microfluidic model. Cytotherapy 2020; 23:25-36. [PMID: 32771259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have paradoxically been reported to exert either pro- or anti-tumor effects in vitro. Hyperthermia, in combination with chemotherapy, has tumor-inhibiting effects; however, its role, together with MSCs, so far is not well understood. Furthermore, a lot of research is conducted using conventional 2-dimensional in vitro models that do not mimic the actual tumor microenvironment. AIM In light of this fact, an indirect method of co-culturing human amniotic membrane-derived MSCs (AMMSCs) with collagen-encapsulated human lung carcinoma cells (A549) was performed using a 3-dimensional (3D) tumor-on-chip device. METHODS The conditioned medium of AMMSCs (AMMSC-CM) or heat-treated AMMSCs (heat-AMMSC-CM) was utilized to create indirect co-culture conditions. Tumor spheroid growth characterization, immunocytochemistry and cytotoxicity assays, and anti-cancer peptide (P1) screening were performed to determine the effects of the conditioned medium. RESULTS The A549 cells cultured inside the 3D microfluidic chip developed into multicellular tumor spheroids over five days of culture. The AMMSC-CM, contrary to previous reports claiming its tumor-inhibiting potential, led to significant proliferation of tumor spheroids. Heat-AMMSC-CM led to reductions in both spheroid diameter and cell proliferation. The medium containing the P1 peptide was found to be the least cytotoxic to tumor spheroids in co-culture compared with the monoculture and heat-co-culture groups. CONCLUSIONS Hyperthermia, in combination with the anticancer peptide, exhibited highest cytotoxic effects. This study highlights the growing importance of 3D microfluidic tumor models for testing stem-cell-based and other anti-cancer therapies.
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Rezaei-Tazangi F, Alidadi H, Samimi A, Karimi S, Kahorsandi L. Effects of Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells-derived secretome on colon carcinoma HT-29 cells. Tissue Cell 2020; 67:101413. [PMID: 32835945 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2020.101413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Secreted factors (secretome) of Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJMSCs) have therapeutic impacts. This study was conducted to investigate the impact of WJMSCs-derived secretome (WJMSCs-Se) in apoptosis and the growth of HT-29 cells. HT-29 cells treated with 25 or 50 μg/mL WJMSCs-Se for 24 h. Colony formation and MTT test was used to assess the proliferation and cytotoxicity of the HT-29 cells. Annexin V/PI staining was done for the assessment of apoptosis. The mRNA expression of important apoptosis-related genes was also examined. In the WJMSCs-Se-treated HT-29 cells, colony numbers and viability percentages were significantly reduced in a concentration-dependent manner. Apoptotic and necrotic indexes of WJMSCs-Se-treated HT-29 cells considerably enhanced in comparison to the control. The Caspase-9 and -3 activities were significantly increased in the WJMSCs-Se-exposed HT-29 cells. The mRNA expression of Caspase-9, Caspase-3, and Bax/ Bcl-2 ratio was considerably elevated in the WJMSCs-Se-treated HT-29 cells. Caspase-8 activity and expression of the p53 gene were not affected by the WJMSCs-Se. Taken together, we concluded that WJSCs-Se significantly prevented cell growth and enhanced colon cancer cell death in a concentration-dependent manner mainly through the intrinsic apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Rezaei-Tazangi
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hadis Alidadi
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Azin Samimi
- Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Samaneh Karimi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
| | - Layasadat Kahorsandi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Cheng YQ, Wang SB, Liu JH, Jin L, Liu Y, Li CY, Su YR, Liu YR, Sang X, Wan Q, Liu C, Yang L, Wang ZC. Modifying the tumour microenvironment and reverting tumour cells: New strategies for treating malignant tumours. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12865. [PMID: 32588948 PMCID: PMC7445401 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment (TME) plays a pivotal role in tumour fate determination. The TME acts together with the genetic material of tumour cells to determine their initiation, metastasis and drug resistance. Stromal cells in the TME promote the growth and metastasis of tumour cells by secreting soluble molecules or exosomes. The abnormal microenvironment reduces immune surveillance and tumour killing. The TME causes low anti‐tumour drug penetration and reactivity and high drug resistance. Tumour angiogenesis and microenvironmental hypoxia limit the drug concentration within the TME and enhance the stemness of tumour cells. Therefore, modifying the TME to effectively attack tumour cells could represent a comprehensive and effective anti‐tumour strategy. Normal cells, such as stem cells and immune cells, can penetrate and disrupt the abnormal TME. Reconstruction of the TME with healthy cells is an exciting new direction for tumour treatment. We will elaborate on the mechanism of the TME to support tumours and the current cell therapies for targeting tumours and the TME—such as immune cell therapies, haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation therapies, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transfer and embryonic stem cell‐based microenvironment therapies—to provide novel ideas for producing breakthroughs in tumour therapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Qi Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shou Bi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Hui Liu
- Affiliated Dongguan People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Lin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya Ru Su
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Run Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Chong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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