1
|
Zhang Y, Zhao J, Hu Q, Mao H, Wang T. Nitro substituent caused negative impact on occurrence and development of atherosclerotic plaque by PM 2.5-bound polycyclic aromatic compounds. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167700. [PMID: 37827309 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
PM2.5 exposure is a significant risk factor for the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) play prominent roles in PM2.5-related toxicity. However, the nitrated derivatives of PAHs, nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs), have strong oxidizing properties due to the nitro substituents. Thus, the in vivo and in vitro experiments exposure to benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and 6-nitro benzo[a]pyrene (NBaP) were conducted to evaluate the effect of nitro substituent on the atherosclerosis due to (or attributable to) PAHs. The results showed that NBaP exposure induced the inhibition of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) viability and cell morphology damage via more severe oxidative stress than BaP exposure. Furthermore, exposure to PM2.5-bound NBaP caused dyslipidemia in the Apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice, including the increment of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and malondialdehyde levels, and the decrement of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase levels in serum and aorta. Furthermore, histology showed atherosclerotic plaque in the aorta of ApoE-/- mice. However, there were no significant differences of the physiological and pathological changes between BaP and control groups. Thus, NPAHs induced endothelial dysfunction and dyslipidemia via severe oxidative stress, and further accelerated the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis compared with the parent PAHs. Our findings provide the first evidence that nitro substituent caused much severer negative health impact of polycyclic aromatic compounds, which highlight the significance of NPAHs in health risk estimation of polycyclic aromatic compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, State Environmental, Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - JingBo Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, State Environmental, Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qian Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, State Environmental, Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - HongJun Mao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, State Environmental, Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, State Environmental, Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xu L, Ren H, Xie D, Zhang F, Hu X, Fang S, Wang H, He D. Rac2 mediate foam cell formation and associated immune responses in THP-1 to promote the process of atherosclerotic plaques. Mol Immunol 2023; 163:196-206. [PMID: 37837955 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (AS) by mediating oxidative stress, inflammation and lipid metabolism, which can lead to the formation of vascular plaque. The Rac family isoforms of small molecules GTPase are active by binding to GTPase, but are inactivated by binding to GDP, and play a role in the switch of cell information conduction. This experiment adopts shRNA interference THP-1 cells respectively each subtype expression and inhibiting Rac1, Rac2, Rac3 activity, each subtype of Rac family on lipid metabolism, inflammatory reaction and oxidative stress. THP-1 cells were stimulated with Ox-LDL to establish AS cell models including lipid loading, adhesion, migration and chemotaxis. Oil Red O staining, cell immunofluorescence, scratching test, transwell, Western blot and other experiments were performed. To observe the different effects of three subtypes of Rac family on multiple links in the foaming process of THP-1 cells. ApoE-/- mice on a high-fat diet were used as animal models to examine the effects of Rac subtypes in vivo. The results showed that the activation of immune cells induced by ox-LDL was inhibited when Rac1, Rac2 and Rac3 in THP-1 were decreased, respectively. Thus, Rac1 and Rac3 act in combination with ox-LDL and are associated with cellular oxidative stress and inflammation. This study provides new means and ideas for finding potential intervention targets that have important regulatory effects on atherosclerosis, and provides a new direction for the development of clinical drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xu
- Department of clinical laboratory, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116021, China
| | - He Ren
- Department of Ultrasound, the Sixth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Daqing Xie
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Shu Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Hongli Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, China.
| | - Dan He
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen S, Wu X, Li T, Li Y, Wang B, Cheng W, Teng Y, Yang J, Meng H, Wang L, Lu Z, Jiang Y, Wang Y, Zhao M. Atheroprotective Effects and Mechanisms of Postmarketing Chinese Patent Formulas in Atherosclerosis Models: A Systematic Review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:4010607. [PMID: 34873408 PMCID: PMC8643251 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4010607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some postmarketing Chinese patent formulas have been widely used to treat atherosclerosis (AS) and play critical roles in Chinese healthcare. However, the usage of these herbs is yet controversial due to unclear effects and lack of understanding of the mechanism of action. With the modernization of traditional Chinese formulas, we are to elucidate the atheroprotective properties of these remedies from successful postmarketing experiments in vivo. METHODS In this systematic review, we critically searched the databases, applied stringent criteria, assessed the methodological quality, and examined the current evidence in vivo. RESULTS Consequently, 60 studies were included in the present qualitative synthesis. Data on models, high-fat diet, intervention time, outcome measures, efficacy, and mechanisms were collected. Finally, 23 formulas that could alleviate AS were correlated to the amelioration of plaques, improvement of plaque stability, modification of lipid level and lipid metabolism, and the effects of anti-inflammation and antioxidant stress with multiple components and targets. However, the methodological quality was low and incomplete among the included literature. CONCLUSIONS Thus, taken together, the studies on postmarketing Chinese patent formulas would provide a novel approach to improve the treatment of AS, and rigorously designed studies would provide high-quality evidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Tong Li
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Baofu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Weiting Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yu Teng
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Hui Meng
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ziwen Lu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yangyang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yahong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Mingjing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| |
Collapse
|