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Kusi KA, Amoah LE, Acquah FK, Ennuson NA, Frempong AF, Ofori EA, Akyea-Mensah K, Kyei-Baafour E, Osei F, Frimpong A, Singh SK, Theisen M, Remarque EJ, Faber BW, Belmonte M, Ganeshan H, Huang J, Villasante E, Sedegah M. Plasmodium falciparum AMA1 and CSP antigen diversity in parasite isolates from southern Ghana. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1375249. [PMID: 38808064 PMCID: PMC11132687 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1375249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Diversity in malarial antigens is an immune evasion mechanism that gives malaria parasites an edge over the host. Immune responses against one variant of a polymorphic antigen are usually not fully effective against other variants due to altered epitopes. This study aimed to evaluate diversity in the Plasmodium falciparum antigens apical membrane antigen 1 (PfAMA1) and circumsporozoite protein (PfCSP) from circulating parasites in a malaria-endemic community in southern Ghana and to determine the effects of polymorphisms on antibody response specificity. Methods The study involved 300 subjects, whose P. falciparum infection status was determined by microscopy and PCR. Diversity within the two antigens was evaluated by msp2 gene typing and molecular gene sequencing, while the host plasma levels of antibodies against PfAMA1, PfCSP, and two synthetic 24mer peptides from the conserved central repeat region of PfCSP, were measured by ELISA. Results Of the 300 subjects, 171 (57%) had P. falciparum infection, with 165 of the 171 (96.5%) being positive for either or both of the msp2 allelic families. Gene sequencing of DNA from 55 clonally infected samples identified a total of 56 non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for the Pfama1 gene and these resulted in 44 polymorphic positions, including two novel positions (363 and 365). Sequencing of the Pfcsp gene from 69 clonal DNA samples identified 50 non-synonymous SNPs that resulted in 42 polymorphic positions, with half (21) of these polymorphic positions being novel. Of the measured antibodies, only anti-PfCSP antibodies varied considerably between PCR parasite-positive and parasite-negative persons. Discussion These data confirm the presence of a considerable amount of unique, previously unreported amino acid changes, especially within PfCSP. Drivers for this diversity in the Pfcsp gene do not immediately seem apparent, as immune pressure will be expected to drive a similar level of diversity in the Pfama1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwadwo A. Kusi
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Linda E. Amoah
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Festus Kojo Acquah
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Nana Aba Ennuson
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Abena F. Frempong
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Ebenezer A. Ofori
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Kwadwo Akyea-Mensah
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Eric Kyei-Baafour
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Frank Osei
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Augustina Frimpong
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Susheel K. Singh
- Center for Medical Parasitology at the Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Congenital Diseases, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Theisen
- Center for Medical Parasitology at the Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Congenital Diseases, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Edmond J. Remarque
- Department of Parasitology, Biomedical Primate Research Center, Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | - Bart W. Faber
- Department of Parasitology, Biomedical Primate Research Center, Rijswijk, Netherlands
| | - Maria Belmonte
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
- Malaria Department, Naval Medical Research Command, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Harini Ganeshan
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
- Malaria Department, Naval Medical Research Command, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Jun Huang
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
- Malaria Department, Naval Medical Research Command, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Eileen Villasante
- Malaria Department, Naval Medical Research Command, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Martha Sedegah
- Malaria Department, Naval Medical Research Command, Silver Spring, MD, United States
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Ma X, Wang W, Cai L, Xiao M, He F, Liu Z, Chen D, Wang Y, Shen L, Gu Y. Analysis of the microbial diversity in takin ( Budorcas taxicolor) feces. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1303085. [PMID: 38188576 PMCID: PMC10768053 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1303085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The intestinal tract of animals is a complex and dynamic microecosystem that is inextricably linked to the health of the host organism. Takin (Budorcas taxicolor) is a threatened species, and its gut microbiome is poorly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the microbial community structure and potential pathogens of takin. Methods Takin fecal samples were collected from five sites in a nature reserve to ensure the uniformity of sample collection, determine the effects of different geographical locations on gut microbes, and analyze the differences in microbial communities between sites. Subsequently, high-throughput 16S rDNA gene sequencing was performed to analyze the microbial diversity and potential pathogens in the gut; the findings were verified by isolating and culturing bacteria and metagenomic sequencing. Results and discussion The takin gut microflora consisted mainly of four phyla: Firmicutes (69.72%), Bacteroidota (13.55%), Proteobacteria (9.02%), and Verrucomicrobiota (3.77%), representing 96.07% of all microorganisms. The main genera were UCG-005 (20.25%), UCG-010_unclassified (12.35%), Firmicus_unclassified (4.03%), and Rumino coccsea_unclassified (3.49%), while the main species were assigned to Bacteria_unclassified. Potential pathogens were also detected, which could be used as a reference for the protection of takin. Pseudomonas presented the highest abundance at Shuichiping and may represent the main pathogen responsible for the death of takin at the site. This study provides an important reference for investigating the composition of the bacterial community in the intestine of takin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weichen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lijun Cai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Management Office of Tangjiahe National Nature Reserve, Qingchuan, China
| | - Mei Xiao
- Management Office of Tangjiahe National Nature Reserve, Qingchuan, China
| | - Fang He
- Management Office of Tangjiahe National Nature Reserve, Qingchuan, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Limin Shen
- Management Office of Tangjiahe National Nature Reserve, Qingchuan, China
| | - Yu Gu
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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3
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Getachew H, Demissew A, Abossie A, Habtamu K, Wang X, Zhong D, Zhou G, Lee MC, Hemming-Schroeder E, Bradley L, Degefa T, Hawaria D, Tsegaye A, W Kazura J, Koepfli C, Yan G, Yewhalaw D. Asymptomatic and submicroscopic malaria infections in sugar cane and rice development areas of Ethiopia. Malar J 2023; 22:341. [PMID: 37940948 PMCID: PMC10634149 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-023-04762-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Water resource development projects, such as dams and irrigation schemes, have a positive impact on food security and poverty reduction. However, such projects could increase prevalence of vector borne disease, such as malaria. This study investigate the impact of different agroecosystems and prevalence of malaria infection in Southwest Ethiopia. METHODS Two cross-sectional surveys were conducted in the dry and wet seasons in irrigated and non-irrigated clusters of Arjo sugarcane and Gambella rice development areas of Ethiopia in 2019. A total of 4464 and 2176 study participants from 1449 households in Arjo and 546 households in Gambella enrolled in the study and blood samples were collected, respectively. All blood samples were microscopically examined and a subset of microscopy negative blood samples (n = 2244) were analysed by qPCR. Mixed effect logistic regression and generalized estimating equation were used to determine microscopic and submicroscopic malaria infection and the associated risk factors, respectively. RESULTS Prevalence by microscopy was 2.0% (88/4464) in Arjo and 6.1% (133/2176) in Gambella. In Gambella, prevalence was significantly higher in irrigated clusters (10.4% vs 3.6%) than in non-irrigated clusters (p < 0.001), but no difference was found in Arjo (2.0% vs 2.0%; p = 0.993). On the other hand, of the 1713 and 531 samples analysed by qPCR from Arjo and Gambella the presence of submicroscopic infection was 1.2% and 12.8%, respectively. Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, and Plasmodium ovale were identified by qPCR in both sites. Irrigation was a risk factor for submicroscopic infection in both Arjo and Gambella. Irrigation, being a migrant worker, outdoor job, < 6 months length of stay in the area were risk factors for microscopic infection in Gambella. Moreover, school-age children and length of stay in the area for 1-3 years were significant predictors for submicroscopic malaria in Gambella. However, no ITN utilization was a predictor for both submicroscopic and microscopic infection in Arjo. Season was also a risk factor for microscopic infection in Arjo. CONCLUSION The study highlighted the potential importance of different irrigation practices impacting on submicroscopic malaria transmission. Moreover, microscopic and submicroscopic infections coupled with population movement may contribute to residual malaria transmission and could hinder malaria control and elimination programmes in the country. Therefore, strengthening malaria surveillance and control by using highly sensitive diagnostic tools to detect low-density parasites, screening migrant workers upon arrival and departure, ensuring adequate coverage and proper utilization of vector control tools, and health education for at-risk groups residing or working in such development corridors is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hallelujah Getachew
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Arbaminch College of Health Sciences, Arbaminch, Ethiopia.
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
- Tropical and Infectious Diseases Research Center (TIDRC), Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
| | - Assalif Demissew
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ashenafi Abossie
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Science, Arbaminch University, Arbaminch, Ethiopia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
- Tropical and Infectious Diseases Research Center (TIDRC), Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Kassahun Habtamu
- Menelik II Medical & Health Science College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Microbial, Cellular & Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Program in Public Health, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA92697, USA
| | - Daibin Zhong
- Program in Public Health, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA92697, USA
| | - Guofa Zhou
- Program in Public Health, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA92697, USA
| | - Ming-Chieh Lee
- Program in Public Health, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA92697, USA
| | - Elizabeth Hemming-Schroeder
- Center for Vector Born Infectious Diseases (CVID), Department of Microbiology Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA
| | - Lauren Bradley
- Program in Public Health, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA92697, USA
| | - Teshome Degefa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Dawit Hawaria
- School of Environmental Health, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Arega Tsegaye
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Science, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
- Tropical and Infectious Diseases Research Center (TIDRC), Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - James W Kazura
- Biomedical Research Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Center for Global Health & Disease School of Medicine Case, Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Cristian Koepfli
- Department of Biological Sciences 319 Galvin Life Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, USA
| | - Guiyun Yan
- Program in Public Health, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA92697, USA
| | - Delenasaw Yewhalaw
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
- Tropical and Infectious Diseases Research Center (TIDRC), Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Simpson SV, Nundu SS, Arima H, Kaneko O, Mita T, Culleton R, Yamamoto T. The diversity of Plasmodium falciparum isolates from asymptomatic and symptomatic school-age children in Kinshasa Province, Democratic Republic of Congo. Malar J 2023; 22:102. [PMID: 36941587 PMCID: PMC10025789 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-023-04528-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding Plasmodium falciparum population diversity and transmission dynamics provides information on the intensity of malaria transmission, which is needed for assessing malaria control interventions. This study aimed to determine P. falciparum allelic diversity and multiplicity of infection (MOI) among asymptomatic and symptomatic school-age children in Kinshasa Province, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). METHODS A total of 438 DNA samples (248 asymptomatic and 190 symptomatic) were characterized by nested PCR and genotyping the polymorphic regions of pfmsp1 block 2 and pfmsp2 block 3. RESULTS Nine allele types were observed in pfmsp1 block2. The K1-type allele was predominant with 78% (229/293) prevalence, followed by the MAD20-type allele (52%, 152/293) and RO33-type allele (44%, 129/293). Twelve alleles were detected in pfmsp2, and the 3D7-type allele was the most frequent with 84% (256/304) prevalence, followed by the FC27-type allele (66%, 201/304). Polyclonal infections were detected in 63% (95% CI 56, 69) of the samples, and the MOI (SD) was 1.99 (0.97) in P. falciparum single-species infections. MOIs significantly increased in P. falciparum isolates from symptomatic parasite carriers compared with asymptomatic carriers (2.24 versus 1.69, adjusted b: 0.36, (95% CI 0.01, 0.72), p = 0.046) and parasitaemia > 10,000 parasites/µL compared to parasitaemia < 5000 parasites/µL (2.68 versus 1.63, adjusted b: 0.89, (95% CI 0.46, 1.25), p < 0.001). CONCLUSION This survey showed low allelic diversity and MOI of P. falciparum, which reflects a moderate intensity of malaria transmission in the study areas. MOIs were more likely to be common in symptomatic infections and increased with the parasitaemia level. Further studies in different transmission zones are needed to understand the epidemiology and parasite complexity in the DRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley V Simpson
- Programme for Nurturing Global Leaders in Tropical and Emerging Communicable Diseases, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
- Department of International Health and Medical Anthropology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Sabin S Nundu
- Programme for Nurturing Global Leaders in Tropical and Emerging Communicable Diseases, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan.
- Department of International Health and Medical Anthropology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan.
- Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (INRB), Kinshasa-Gombe, Democratic Republic of Congo.
| | - Hiroaki Arima
- Department of International Health and Medical Anthropology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Osamu Kaneko
- Programme for Nurturing Global Leaders in Tropical and Emerging Communicable Diseases, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
- Department of Protozoology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Mita
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Richard Culleton
- Department of Protozoology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
- Division of Molecular Parasitology, Proteo-Science Centre, Ehime University, Ehime, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Taro Yamamoto
- Programme for Nurturing Global Leaders in Tropical and Emerging Communicable Diseases, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
- Department of International Health and Medical Anthropology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
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5
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Orondo PW, Wang X, Lee MC, Nyanjom SG, Atieli H, Ondeto BM, Ochwedo KO, Omondi CJ, Otambo WO, Zhou G, Zhong D, Githeko AK, Kazura JW, Yan G. Habitat Diversity, Stability, and Productivity of Malaria Vectors in Irrigated and Nonirrigated Ecosystems in Western Kenya. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 60:202-212. [PMID: 36334018 PMCID: PMC9835762 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjac168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Several sub-Saharan African countries rely on irrigation for food production. This study examined the impact of environmental modifications resulting from irrigation on the ecology of aquatic stages of malaria vectors in a semi-arid region of western Kenya. Mosquito larvae were collected from irrigated and non-irrigated ecosystems during seasonal cross-sectional and monthly longitudinal studies to assess habitat availability, stability, and productivity of anophelines in temporary, semipermanent, and permanent habitats during the dry and wet seasons. The duration of habitat stability was also compared between selected habitats. Emergence traps were used to determine the daily production of female adult mosquitoes from different habitat types. Malaria vectors were morphologically identified and sibling species subjected to molecular analysis. Data was statistically compared between the two ecosystems. After aggregating the data, the overall malaria vector productivity for habitats in the two ecosystems was estimated. Immatures of the malaria vector (Anopheles arabiensis) Patton (Diptera: Culicidae) comprised 98.3% of the Anopheles in both the irrigated and non-irrigated habitats. The irrigated ecosystem had the most habitats, higher larval densities, and produced 85.8% of emerged adult females. These results showed that irrigation provided conditions that increased habitat availability, stability, and diversity, consequently increasing the An. arabiensis production and potential risk of malaria transmission throughout the year. The irrigated ecosystems increased the number of habitats suitable for Anopheles breeding by about 3-fold compared to non-irrigated ecosystems. These results suggest that water management in the irrigation systems of western Kenya would serve as an effective method for malaria vector control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Winnie Orondo
- Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
- International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research, Tom Mboya University, College of Maseno University, Homa Bay, Kenya
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ming-Chieh Lee
- Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Steven G Nyanjom
- Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Harrysone Atieli
- International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research, Tom Mboya University, College of Maseno University, Homa Bay, Kenya
| | - Benyl M Ondeto
- International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research, Tom Mboya University, College of Maseno University, Homa Bay, Kenya
| | - Kevin O Ochwedo
- International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research, Tom Mboya University, College of Maseno University, Homa Bay, Kenya
| | - Collince J Omondi
- International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research, Tom Mboya University, College of Maseno University, Homa Bay, Kenya
| | | | - Guofa Zhou
- Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Daibin Zhong
- Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Andrew K Githeko
- Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - James W Kazura
- Center for Global Health & Diseases, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Guiyun Yan
- Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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6
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Zhou G, Hemming-Schroeder E, Jeang B, Wang X, Zhong D, Lee MC, Li Y, Bradley L, Gobran SR, David RE, Ondeto BM, Orondo P, Atieli H, Githure JI, Githeko AK, Kazura J, Yan G. Irrigation-Induced Environmental Changes Sustain Malaria Transmission and Compromise Intervention Effectiveness. J Infect Dis 2022; 226:1657-1666. [PMID: 36056912 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irrigated agriculture enhances food security, but it potentially promotes mosquito-borne disease transmission and affects vector intervention effectiveness. This study was conducted in the irrigated and nonirrigated areas of rural Homa Bay and Kisumu Counties, Kenya. METHODS We performed cross-sectional and longitudinal surveys to determine Plasmodium infection prevalence, clinical malaria incidence, molecular force of infection (molFOI), and multiplicity of infection. We examined the impact of irrigation on the effectiveness of the new interventions. RESULTS We found that irrigation was associated with >2-fold higher Plasmodium infection prevalence and 3-fold higher clinical malaria incidence compared to the nonirrigated area. Residents in the irrigated area experienced persistent, low-density parasite infections and higher molFOI. Addition of indoor residual spraying was effective in reducing malaria burden, but the reduction was more pronounced in the nonirrigated area than in the irrigated area. CONCLUSIONS Our findings collectively suggest that irrigation may sustain and enhance Plasmodium transmission and affects intervention effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofa Zhou
- Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Elizabeth Hemming-Schroeder
- Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Brook Jeang
- Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Daibin Zhong
- Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Ming-Chieh Lee
- Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Yiji Li
- Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.,Department of Pathogen Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Lauren Bradley
- Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Sabrina R Gobran
- Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Randy E David
- Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Benyl M Ondeto
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Pauline Orondo
- Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Harrysone Atieli
- School of Public Health and Community Development, Maseno University, Kisumu, Kenya.,International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research, Tom Mboya University College, Homa Bay, Kenya
| | - John I Githure
- International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research, Tom Mboya University College, Homa Bay, Kenya
| | - Andrew K Githeko
- Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - James Kazura
- Center for Global Health and Disease, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Guiyun Yan
- Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
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Shah HA, Carrasco LR, Hamlet A, Murray KA. Exploring agricultural land-use and childhood malaria associations in sub-Saharan Africa. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4124. [PMID: 35260722 PMCID: PMC8904834 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07837-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Agriculture in Africa is rapidly expanding but with this comes potential disbenefits for the environment and human health. Here, we retrospectively assess whether childhood malaria in sub-Saharan Africa varies across differing agricultural land uses after controlling for socio-economic and environmental confounders. Using a multi-model inference hierarchical modelling framework, we found that rainfed cropland was associated with increased malaria in rural (OR 1.10, CI 1.03-1.18) but not urban areas, while irrigated or post flooding cropland was associated with malaria in urban (OR 1.09, CI 1.00-1.18) but not rural areas. In contrast, although malaria was associated with complete forest cover (OR 1.35, CI 1.24-1.47), the presence of natural vegetation in agricultural lands potentially reduces the odds of malaria depending on rural-urban context. In contrast, no associations with malaria were observed for natural vegetation interspersed with cropland (veg-dominant mosaic). Agricultural expansion through rainfed or irrigated cropland may increase childhood malaria in rural or urban contexts in sub-Saharan Africa but retaining some natural vegetation within croplands could help mitigate this risk and provide environmental co-benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiral Anil Shah
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK. .,Grantham Institute - Climate Change and the Environment - Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Luis Roman Carrasco
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Arran Hamlet
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kris A Murray
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.,MRC Unit The Gambia at London, School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Boulevard, Fajara, The Gambia.,Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Hemming-Schroeder E, Zhong D, Kibret S, Chie A, Lee MC, Zhou G, Atieli H, Githeko A, Kazura JW, Yan G. Microgeographic Epidemiology of Malaria Parasites in an Irrigated Area of Western Kenya by Deep Amplicon Sequencing. J Infect Dis 2020; 223:1456-1465. [PMID: 32803223 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To improve food security, investments in irrigated agriculture are anticipated to increase throughout Africa. However, the extent to which environmental changes from water resource development will impact malaria epidemiology remains unclear. This study was designed to compare the sensitivity of molecular markers used in deep amplicon sequencing for evaluating malaria transmission intensities and to assess malaria transmission intensity at various proximities to an irrigation scheme. Compared to ama1, csp, and msp1 amplicons, cpmp required the smallest sample size to detect differences in infection complexity between transmission risk zones. Transmission intensity was highest within 5 km of the irrigation scheme by polymerase chain reaction positivity rate, infection complexity, and linkage disequilibrium. The irrigated area provided a source of parasite infections for the surrounding 2- to 10-km area. This study highlights the suitability of the cpmp amplicon as a measure for transmission intensities and the impact of irrigation on microgeographic epidemiology of malaria parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Hemming-Schroeder
- Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.,Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Daibin Zhong
- Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Solomon Kibret
- Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Amanda Chie
- Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Ming-Chieh Lee
- Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Guofa Zhou
- Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Harrysone Atieli
- School of Public Health and Community Development, Maseno University, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Andrew Githeko
- Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - James W Kazura
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Guiyun Yan
- Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
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