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Anmol, Aggarwal G, Sharma M, Singh R, Shivani, Sharma U. Ethnopharmacologically important highly subsidized Indian medicinal plants: Systematic review on their traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, quality control, conservation status and future prospective. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 320:117385. [PMID: 37951375 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE India has an extensive reservoir of traditional wisdom and a diverse range of medicinal plants that enrich its heritage. Plants have actively been used for healthcare practices globally since the time immemorial. Medicinal uses of plants have been well recognized in India, evident from plant species documented in different traditional medicinal systems such as Ayurveda (1400-1800 species), Siddha (500-900 species), Unani (400-700 species), Homeopathy (about 372 species), and Sowa-Rigpa (about 250 species), etc. AIM OF THE STUDY: The primary purpose of this review is to provide systematic updated information on thirteen medicinal plants prioritized by the Indian government (providing75 % subsidy on cultivation cost) based on the availability and market demand of these plants. Updated information regarding the traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, quality control, and conservation status of these plants will help in understanding their pharmacological and commercial importance. This will also help in developing new strategies for their conservation. MATERIAL AND METHODS Online databases such as SciFinder, Web of Science, Pubmed, and Google Scholar were used to collect the electronically available literature on targeted thirteen plants. Also, different Indian government official websites such as AYUSH (https://www.ayush.gov.in); NMPB (National Medicinal Plants Board) (https://nmpb.nic.in); e.charak (https://echarak.in) were used for collecting information related to the amount of subsidy, trade and price related information of these plants. RESULTS To promote medicinal plant cultivation, the Indian government provides subsidies for cultivating some traditionally important medicinal plants. These plants are divided into three categories according to the subsidy provided to farmers, i.e., 30%, 50%, and 75% of the cost of cultivation. Thirteen medicinal plants which are provided 75% subsidy are Aconitum ferox Wall., Aconitum heterophyllum Wall., Aquilaria agallocha Roxb., Berberis aristata DC., Commiphora wightii (Arn.) Bhandari, Nardostachys jatamansi (D.Don) DC., Oroxylum indicum (L.) Benth. ex Kurz, Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth., Podophyllum hexandrum Royle, Pterocarpus santalinus L.f., Santalum Album L., Saussurea costus (Falc.) Lipsch., and Swertia chirayita (Roxb.) H.Karst. The literature survey reveals the enormous traditional medicinal importance, wide geographical distribution, diverse range of natural products, and broad spectrum of pharmacological activities of these plants. CONCLUSION A comprehensive literature survey revealed that although remarkable progress has been made in isolation, bioactivity evaluation, quality assessment, and conservation, there is still a lot of scope for further scientific interventions. Scientific validation of traditionally claimed medicinal potential is lacking for various bioactivities. Some of the bioactivities are performed just on extracts/fractions, so there is a need for proper phytochemical studies to identify active constituents responsible for the specific bioactivity. Further, quality assessment methods using both targeted and non-targeted tools are required to evaluate the quality of these highly-priced medicinal plants and their adulterants. Ultimately, to encourage the cultivation of these endangered medicinal plant species, it is imperative to implement proper legislation and employ in-situ and ex-situ conservation tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anmol
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Gaurav Aggarwal
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Mehak Sharma
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Raman Singh
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shivani
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Upendra Sharma
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Kumar R, Bhardwaj P, Soni M, Singh R, Choudhary S, Virmani N, Asrani RK, Patial V, Sharma D, Gupta VK, Tripathi BN. Modulation of mammary tumour progression using murine model by ethanol root extract of Saussurea costus (falc.) lipsch. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117302. [PMID: 37858751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Breast cancer is a major cause of death among human females across the globe. The anti-neoplastic agents or therapies used for the treatment of cancers can enhance longevity but are subsequently observed to deteriorate the quality of life due to the extensive side effects produced. Saussurea costus is a potential medicinal plant of the Himalayas with noticeable ethnopharmacological properties. The phytochemicals present in Saussurea costus are responsible for anti-carcinogenic potential and warranted nil or minimal side effects of Saussurea costus and directed to use this plant as a preventive or therapeutic drug candidate against cancers. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was planned to evaluate the anti-neoplastic activity of Saussurea costus root extract (SL) in rat mammary tumour model. MATERIALS AND METHODS The anti-neoplastic activity of SL root extract at 3 different doses (100, 250 and 500 mg/kg BW) for 18 weeks against 12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary tumours in Sprague Dawley (SD) female rats was analyzed through serum biochemistry (ALT, AST, ALP, Total protein, Creatinine and BUN), oxidative stress parameters (Lipid peroxidation, Catalase and Reduced glutathione), pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and NF-κB), immunohistochemical markers (Ki-67, MMP-9 and VEGF), real-time PCR (PCNA, p53, bax, bcl-2 and caspase-3, genes) and molecular docking. RESULTS Inhibition of tumour parameters, minimal alteration in the liver (ALT, AST and ALP) and kidney enzymes (Creatinine and BUN), decreased activity of MDA, elevated levels of GSH and catalase, reduction in the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines i.e. TNF-α and NF-κB, reduced gross and histomorphological changes, declined expression of Ki-67, MMP-9 and VEGF in vivo rat model, mRNA expression of cancer-related genes and docking of dehydrocostus lactone and costunolide with NF-κB and TNF-α demonstrated the chemopreventive action of SL root extract. CONCLUSIONS The in-vivo trial elucidates anti-neoplastic activity of Saussurea costus root extract as demonstrated through the reduction of biochemical indices, oxidative stress parameters, histological changes, pro-inflammatory cytokines (NF-κB and TNF-α), cellular proliferation (Ki-67), metastases (MMP-9) and neovascularization (VEGF) markers with highest anti-neoplastic effect of SL extract at the dose of 500 mg/kg body weight. Therefore, the present study signifies the need to use the active principles present in the root extract of Saussurea costus against breast cancer as a therapeutic regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Dr. G.C Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176062, India.
| | - Pallavi Bhardwaj
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dr. G.C Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176062, India
| | - Mridul Soni
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Dr. G.C Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176062, India
| | - Rahul Singh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Dr. G.C Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176062, India
| | - Sahil Choudhary
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Dr. G.C Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176062, India
| | - Nitin Virmani
- ICAR- National Research Centre on Equines, Sirsa Road, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
| | - R K Asrani
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Dr. G.C Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176062, India
| | - Vikram Patial
- Division of Dietetics and Nutrition Technology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India
| | - Dixit Sharma
- Department of Animal Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Sahpur, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, 176062, India
| | - V K Gupta
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Dr. G.C Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176062, India
| | - B N Tripathi
- Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (SKUAST) of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, 180009, India.
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Bhushan A, Rani D, Tabassum M, Kumar S, Gupta PN, Gairola S, Gupta AP, Gupta P. HPLC-PDA Method for Quantification of Bioactive Compounds in Crude Extract and Fractions of Aucklandia costus Falc. and Cytotoxicity Studies against Cancer Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:4815. [PMID: 37375368 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aucklandia costus Falc. (Synonym: Saussurea costus (Falc.) Lipsch.) is a perennial herb of the family Asteraceae. The dried rhizome is an essential herb in the traditional systems of medicine in India, China and Tibet. The important pharmacological activities reported for Aucklandia costus are anticancer, hepatoprotective, antiulcer, antimicrobial, antiparasitic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-fatigue activities. The objective of this study was the isolation and quantification of four marker compounds in the crude extract and different fractions of A. costus and the evaluation of the anticancer activity of the crude extract and its different fractions. The four marker compounds isolated from A. costus include dehydrocostus lactone, costunolide, syringin and 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde. These four compounds were used as standard compounds for quantification. The chromatographic data showed good resolution and excellent linearity (r2 ˃ 0.993). The validation parameters, such as inter- and intraday precision (RSD < 1.96%) and analyte recovery (97.52-110.20%; RSD < 2.00%),revealed the high sensitivity and reliability of the developed HPLC method. The compounds dehydrocostus lactone and costunolide were concentrated in the hexane fraction (222.08 and 65.07 µg/mg, respectively) and chloroform fraction (99.02 and 30.21 µg/mg, respectively), while the n-butanol fraction is a rich source of syringin (37.91 µg/mg) and 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (7.94 µg/mg). Further, the SRB assay was performed for the evaluation of anticancer activity using lung, colon, breast and prostate cancer cell lines. The hexane and chloroform fractions show excellent IC50 values of 3.37 ± 0.14 and 7.527 ± 0.18 µg/mL, respectively, against the prostate cancer cell line (PC-3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Bhushan
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Dixhya Rani
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Misbah Tabassum
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Saajan Kumar
- Drug Testing Laboratory, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Prem N Gupta
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Sumeet Gairola
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Plant Science and Agrotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Ajai P Gupta
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Drug Testing Laboratory, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Prasoon Gupta
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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Mügge FL, Morlock GE. Planar bioluminescent cytotoxicity assay via genetically modified adherent human reporter cell lines, applied to authenticity screening of Saussurea costus root. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1683:463522. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Al-Radadi NS. Saussurea Costus for Sustainable and Eco-friendly Synthesis of Palladium Nanoparticles and their Biological Activities. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Chang H, Wang Q, Meng X, Chen X, Deng Y, Li L, Yang Y, Song G, Jia H. Effect of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Mammalian Cell Cycle In Vitro: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:1435-1456. [PMID: 35998370 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although most studies that explore the cytotoxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO2) have focused on cell viability and oxidative stress, the cell cycle, a basic process of cell life, can also be affected. However, the results on the effects of nano-TiO2 on mammalian cell cycle are still inconsistent. A systematic review and meta-analysis were therefore performed in this research based on the effects of nano-TiO2 on the mammalian cell cycle in vitro to explore whether nano-TiO2 can induce cell cycle arrest. Meanwhile, the impact of physicochemical properties of nano-TiO2 on the cell cycle in vitro was investigated, and the response of normal cells and cancer cells was compared. A total of 33 articles met the eligibility criteria after screening. We used Review Manager 5.4 and Stata 15.1 for analysis. The results showed an increased percentage of cells in the sub-G1 phase and an upregulation of the p53 gene after being exposed to nano-TiO2. Nevertheless, nano-TiO2 had no effect on cell percentage in other phases of the cell cycle. Furthermore, subgroup analysis revealed that the cell percentage in both the sub-G1 phase of normal cells and S phase of cancer cells were significantly increased under anatase-form nano-TiO2 treatment. Moreover, nano-TiO2 with a particle size <25 nm or exposure duration of nano-TiO2 more than 24 h induced an increased percentage of normal cells in the sub-G1 phase. In addition, the cell cycle of cancer cells was arrested in the S phase no matter if the exposure duration of nano-TiO2 was more than 24 h or the exposure concentration was over 50 μg/mL. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that nano-TiO2 disrupted the cell cycle in vitro. The cell cycle arrest induced by nano-TiO2 varies with cell status and physicochemical properties of nano-TiO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Chang
- Department of Preventive Medicine/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaojia Meng
- Department of Preventive Medicine/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 210019 Nanjing, China
| | - Yaxin Deng
- Department of Preventive Medicine/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yaqian Yang
- Department of Preventive Medicine/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Guanling Song
- Department of Preventive Medicine/the Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Huaimiao Jia
- Department of Endemic Disease, Shihezi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
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BinShabaib MS, ALHarthi SS, Helaby BS, AlHefdhi MH, Mohammed AE, Aabed K. Comparison of the Anti-bacterial Efficacy of Saussurea costus and Melaleuca alternifolia Against Porphyromonas gingivalis, Streptococcus mutans, and Enterococcus faecalis: An in-vitro Study. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 3:950840. [PMID: 35833191 PMCID: PMC9271692 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2022.950840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim was to compare the in-vitro antibacterial effectiveness of two herbal extracts (a) Saussurea-costus (S. costus) and (b) Melaleuca-alternifolia (M. alternifolia) against Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis). Aqueous extracts from M. alternifolia were prepared by adding 2 grams of S. costus and M. alternifolia, respectively to 100 ml distilled water. Bacterial strains of P. gingivalis, E. faecalis and S. mutans were treated into 3 groups. In groups 1 and 2, bacterial strains were treated with aqueous extracts of S. costus and M. alternifolia, respectively. In the control-group, bacterial strains were exposed to distilled water. Antibacterial activity of the samples and nanoparticles was determined. The minimum-inhibitory-concentration (MIC) values were determined using the microdilution method. P < 0.01 was considered statistically significant. The MIC for all bacterial strains treated with S. costus was significantly higher than that of M. alternifolia (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in MIC for strains of P. gingivalis, E. faecalis and S. mutans treated with S. costus. For bacterial strains treated with M. alternifolia, the MIC was significantly higher for P. gingivalis compared with E. faecalis and S. mutans strains (P < 0.01). There was no difference in MIC for E. faecalis and S. mutans strains treated with M. alternifolia. The in-vitro antibacterial efficacy of M. alternifolia is higher than S. costus against P. gingivalis, E. faecalis and S. mutans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munerah S. BinShabaib
- Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shatha S. ALHarthi
- Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Shatha S. ALHarthi ;
| | - Bashayer S. Helaby
- College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manar H. AlHefdhi
- College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afrah E. Mohammed
- Biology Department, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kawther Aabed
- Biology Department, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Seyyedi R, Talebpour Amiri F, Farzipour S, Mihandoust E, Hosseinimehr SJ. Mefenamic acid as a promising therapeutic medicine against colon cancer in tumor-bearing mice. Med Oncol 2022; 39:18. [PMID: 34982268 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01618-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Although radiotherapy is an effective strategy for cancer treatment, tumor resistance to ionizing radiation (IR) and its toxic effects on normal tissues are limiting its use. The aim of this study is to evaluate the anti-cancer effects of mefenamic acid (MEF), as an approved medicine, and its combination with IR against colon tumor cells in mice. Tumor-bearing mice were received MEF at a dose of 25 mg/kg for 6 successive days. The tumor size was measured. In the second experiment, after MEF treatment, tumor-bearing mice locally received an X-ray at dose 6 Gy. Tumor growth and biochemical, histological, and immunohistological assay (caspase-3) were performed. MEF significantly decreased tumor size in mice in comparison to the control group. IR and/or MEF treatment significantly reduced the tumor volume and inhibited tumor growth by 49%, 55%, and 67% by MEF, IR, and MEF + IR groups as compared with the control group. Administration of MEF in combination with radiation had a synergistic effect on enhanced histopathological changes in tumor tissues. MEF treatment in IR exposure mice showed a significant increase in the immunoreactivity of caspase-3 in the colon tumor tissue. MEF has an anti-tumor effect in colon tumor-bearing mice. MEF in combination with IR increased pathological changes and apoptosis in tumor tissues, suggesting that MEF might be clinically useful in the treatment of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Seyyedi
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Talebpour Amiri
- Department of Anatomy, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Soghra Farzipour
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ehsan Mihandoust
- Department of Radiotherapy, Imam Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyed Jalal Hosseinimehr
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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Alotaibi AA, Bepari A, Assiri RA, Niazi SK, Nayaka S, Rudrappa M, Nagaraja SK, Bhat MP. Saussurea lappa Exhibits Anti-Oncogenic Effect in Hepatocellular Carcinoma, HepG2 Cancer Cell Line by Bcl-2 Mediated Apoptotic Pathway and Mitochondrial Cytochrome C Release. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:1114-1132. [PMID: 34563048 PMCID: PMC8929068 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43020079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Saussurea lappa (S. lappa) is an important species of the Asteraceae family with several purposes in traditional medicine. This study intended to explore the cytotoxic effect of S. lappa on HepG2 cancer cell proliferation. Materials and Methods: The effects of an S. lappa n-butanol extract on the induction of apoptosis were investigated by flow cytometry and mitochondrial cytochrome C-releasing apoptosis assay. Additionally, real-time PCR was employed to confirm apoptosis initiation. Further, qualitative estimation of the active constituent of S. lappa was done by gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS). Results: The cell viability study revealed that the n-butanol extract of S. lappa demonstrated potent cytotoxicity against HepG2 cancer cells, with an IC50 value of 56.76 μg/mL. Cell morphology with dual staining of acridine orange (AO)-ethidium bromide (EB) showed an increase in orange/red nuclei due to cell death by S. lappa n-butanol extract compared to control cells. Apoptosis, as the mode of cell death, was also confirmed by the higher release of cytochrome C from mitochondria, the increased expression of caspase-3 and bax, along with down regulation of Bcl-2. Conclusion: These findings conclude that S. lappa is a cause of hepatic cancer cell death through apoptosis and a potential natural source suggesting furthermore investigation of its active compounds that are responsible for these observed activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal A. Alotaibi
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (R.A.A.)
| | - Asmatanzeem Bepari
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (R.A.A.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (S.K.N.)
| | - Rasha Assad Assiri
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (R.A.A.)
| | - Shaik Kalimulla Niazi
- Department of Preparatory Health Sciences, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh 12611, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (S.K.N.)
| | - Sreenivasa Nayaka
- Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, India; (S.N.); (M.R.); (S.K.N.); (M.P.B.)
| | - Muthuraj Rudrappa
- Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, India; (S.N.); (M.R.); (S.K.N.); (M.P.B.)
| | | | - Meghashyama Prabhakara Bhat
- Department of Studies in Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, India; (S.N.); (M.R.); (S.K.N.); (M.P.B.)
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